Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich (Mstislav Rostropovich) |

Mstislav Rostropovich

People's Artist of the USSR (1966), akahwina Stalin (1951) uye Lenin (1964) Mibayiro yeUSSR, iyo State Prize yeRSFSR (1991), iyo State Prize yeRussian Federation (1995). Anozivikanwa kwete chete semuimbi, asiwo semukurumbira. The London Times yakamudaidza kuti muimbi mukuru mupenyu. Zita rake rakabatanidzwa mu "Forty Immortals" - nhengo dzinokudzwa dzeFrench Academy of Arts. Nhengo yeAcademy yeScience uye Arts (USA), Academy yeSanta Cecilia (Rome), Royal Academy yeMumhanzi yeEngland, Royal Academy yeSweden, iyo Bavarian Academy yeFine Arts, muhwina weImperial Prize yeJapan. Art Association uye mamwe akawanda mibairo. Akapihwa chitupa chekuremekedza chiremba kubva kumayunivhesiti anodarika makumi mashanu munyika dzakasiyana siyana. Honorary mugari wemaguta akawanda epasi. Mutungamiriri weMitemo yeLegion of Honor (France, 50, 1981), Honorary Knight Commander weMost Serene Order yeBritish Empire. Yakapihwa mibairo yakawanda yenyika kubva ku1987 nyika. Muna 29 akapiwa Mubayiro Mukuru weRussia "Slava / Gloria".

Akazvarwa Kurume 27, 1927 muBaku. Musical pedigree anobva Orenburg. Vese vanasekuru nevabereki vaimbi. Pazera remakore 15, akanga atodzidzisa pachikoro chemimhanzi, achidzidza naM. Chulaki, uyo akaendeswa kuOrenburg mumakore ehondo. Pazera remakore gumi nematanhatu akapinda muMoscow Conservatory mukirasi ye cellist Semyon Kozolupov. Rostropovich kuita basa rakatanga muna 16, paakagamuchira mubayiro wekutanga paAll-Union Competition yeVaimbi. Kuzivikanwa pasi rose kwakauya muna 1945 mushure mekukunda mumakwikwi. Hanus Vigan muPrague. Mushure mokukunda makwikwi eAll-Union, Slava Rostropovich, mudzidzi wepachivako chekuchengetedza, akatamiswa kubva mugore rechipiri kusvika kune rechishanu. Akabva adzidzisa paMoscow Conservatory kwemakore 1950, uye kwemakore 26 ari Leningrad Conservatory. Vadzidzi vake vanozivikanwa vaimbi, vazhinji vavo vakazova mapurofesa ezvikoro zvepamusoro zvemimhanzi munyika: Sergei Roldygin, Iosif Feigelson, Natalia Shakhovskaya, David Geringas, Ivan Monighetti, Eleonora Testelets, Maris Villerush, Misha Maisky.

Maererano naye, vanyori vatatu, Prokofiev, Shostakovich naBritten, vane simba guru pakuumbwa kwehupenyu hwaRostropovich. Basa rake rakagadzirwa mumativi maviri - se cellist (soloist uye ensemble player) uye sekondakita - opera uye symphony. Muchokwadi, iyo yese repertoire yemimhanzi yecello yakanzwika mukuita kwake. Akafuridzira vazhinji vevanyori vakurusa vezana ramakore rechi20. kumusika mabasa kunyanya. Shostakovich naProkofiev, Britten naL. Bernstein, A. Dutilleux, V. Lyutoslavsky, K. Penderetsky, B. Tchaikovsky - mune zvose, vanenge 60 vanyori vemazuva ano vakatsaurira zvinyorwa zvavo kuRostropovich. Akaita kekutanga 117 mabasa ecello uye akapa makumi manomwe emitambo yekutanga. Semuimbi wekamuri, akaita musangano pamwe chete naS. Richter, mune vatatu naE. Gilels naL. Kogan, semuimbi wepiyano mune imwe ensemble naG. Vishnevskaya.

Akatanga basa rake rekuitisa muna 1967 paBolshoi Theatre (akaita debut yake muP. Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, achiteverwa nemitambo yeSemyon Kotko uye Prokofiev's War and Peace). Zvisinei, upenyu hwepamba hwakanga husina kutsetseka. Akawira mukunyadziswa uye mugumisiro wacho wakanga wakamanikidzwa kubva kuU.SR muna 1974. Uye muna 1978, nokuda kwemabasa ekodzero dzevanhu (kunyanya, nokuda kwekutsigira kwaA. Solzhenitsyn), iye nemudzimai wake G. Vishnevskaya vakatorerwa hukama hweSoviet. . Muna 1990, M. Gorbachev vakapa chirevo pamusoro pokumiswa kweZvisungo zvePresidium yeSupreme Council pamusoro pekunyimwa kwavo vagari vemo uye pakudzorerwa kwemazita ekuremekedza akabviswa. Nyika dzakawanda dzakapa Rostropovich kutora ugari hwavo, asi akaramba, uye haana chero ugari.

MuSan Francisco akaita (sekondakita) Mambokadzi weSpades, muMonte Carlo Muroora waTsar. Akatora chikamu mumitambo yenyika yemitambo yakadai seHupenyu neIdiot (1992, Amsterdam) uye Gesualdo (1995, Vienna) naA. Schnittke, Lolita R. Shchedrina (paStockholm Opera). Izvi zvakateverwa nemitambo yaShostakovich's Lady Macbeth weMtsensk District (mune yekutanga edition) muMunich, Paris, Madrid, Buenos Aires, Aldborough, Moscow nemamwe maguta. Mushure mokudzokera kuRussia, akaitisa Khovanshchina yakadzokororwa naShostakovich (1996, Moscow, Bolshoi Theatre). NeFrench Radio Orchestra muParis, akarekodha maoperas Hondo uye Runyararo, Eugene Onegin, Boris Godunov, Lady Macbeth weMtsensk District.

Kubva 1977 kusvika 1994 aive Principal Conductor weNational Symphony Orchestra muWashington, DC, iyo pasi pekutungamirwa kwake yakava imwe yeakanakisa orchestra muAmerica. Anokokwa nevanonyanya kuzivikanwa orchestras enyika - Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, USA, Japan nedzimwe nyika.

Murongi wemitambo yake, imwe yacho yakatsaurirwa kumumhanzi wezana ramakore rechi20. Imwe yacho mutambo we cello muguta reBeauvais (France). Mhemberero muChicago dzakatsaurirwa kuna Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Britten. Mhemberero dzakawanda dzeRostropovich dzakaitika muLondon. Mumwe wavo, akazvitsaurira kuna Shostakovich, akatora mwedzi yakati wandei (ese 15 symphonies Shostakovich pamwe London Symphony Orchestra). PaMutambo weNew York, mimhanzi yevanyori vakatsaurira mabasa avo kwaari yakaitwa. Akatora rutivi mumutambo we“Mazuva aBenjamin Britten muSt. Petersburg” pachiitiko chegore rechi90 rokuberekwa kwaBritten. Pakuita kwake, Pablo Casals Cello Competition muFrankfurt iri kumutsiridzwa.

Inovhura zvikoro zvemimhanzi, inoitisa master makirasi. Kubva 2004 anga ari mukuru weChikoro chePamusoro Mimhanzi Yakanakisa muValencia (Spain). Kubva 1998, pasi pesimba rake, Masterprise International Composition Competition yakaitwa, inova mubatanidzwa pakati peBBC, London Symphony Orchestra neAMI Records. Makwikwi aya anotorwa sechikonzero chehukama hwepedyo pakati pevanoda mimhanzi vakakomba nevaimbi vemazuva ano.

Akatamba zviuru zvemakonzati muhoro dzemakonzati, mafekitari, makirabhu nenzvimbo dzekugara dzehumambo (kuWindsor Palace, konzati yekuremekedza makore makumi matanhatu neshanu aMambokadzi Sophia weSpain, nezvimwewo).

Hunyanzvi husina kunaka hwehunyanzvi, runako rweruzha, hunyanzvi, stylistic tsika, kurongeka kunoshamisa, manzwiro anotapukira, kurudziro - hapana mazwi ekukoshesa zvizere chimiro chemuimbi uye kupenya kwemuimbi. “Zvese zvandinotamba, ndinofarira kufenda,” anodaro.

Iye anozivikanwawo nemabasa ake ekupa rubatsiro: ndiye mutungamiri weVishnevskaya-Rostropovich Charitable Foundation, iyo inopa rubatsiro kumasangano ezvokurapa evana muRussian Federation. Muna 2000, nheyo yakatanga kuitisa chirongwa chekudzivirira vana muRussia. Mutungamiriri weHomwe Yekubatsira Vadzidzi Vane Zvipo VeMayunivhesiti eMumhanzi ane zita rake, akatanga Homwe Yekubatsira Vaimbi Vechidiki muGermany, homwe yekufunda yevana vane matarenda muRussia.

Chokwadi chekutaura kwake muna 1989 paWall Berlin, pamwe nekusvika kwake muMoscow muna Nyamavhuvhu 1991, paakabatana nevadziviriri veRussia White House, zvaizivikanwa zvakanyanya. Akagamuchira mibairo yakati wandei yekuedza kwake kodzero dzevanhu, kusanganisira wepagore Human Rights League Award (1974). “Hapana anozombobudirira kundinetsa neRussia, kunyangwe ndadirwa tsvina yakawanda sei mumusoro,” akadaro. Mumwe wekutanga kutsigira pfungwa yekubata Sakharov International Arts Festival muNizhny Novgorod, akanga ari muenzi weII uye akapinda mumutambo weIV.

Hunhu uye mabasa aRostropovich akasiyana. Sezvavanonyora nemazvo, "netarenda rake remashiripiti emumhanzi uye nehunhu hwakanaka hwemagariro, akambundira nyika yese yakabudirira, achigadzira denderedzwa idzva re"kutenderera kweropa" kwetsika nekubatana pakati pevanhu." Saka, US National Recording Academy muna Kukadzi 2003 yakamupa mubairo weGrammy Music “nebasa risinganzwisisike rekuridza sero uye kondakita, kweupenyu hwese mukurekodha. Anonzi "Gagarin's cello" uye "Maestro Slava".

Walida Kelle

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