Балис Дварионас (Balys Dvarionas) |

Balys Dvarionas

. Basa rake rakabatana zvisingaite neLithuanian folk music. Akanga ari iye akatsunga kunakidza kwemutauro wemimhanzi weDvarionas, zvichienderana nemanzwiro enziyo dzevanhu; nyore uye kujeka kwechimiro, harmonic kufunga; rhapsodic, improvisational mharidzo. Basa reMumhanzi raDvarionas rakabatanidzwa pamwe chete nemabasa ake ekuita. Muna 1924 akapedza kudzidza paLeipzig Conservatory mupiyano naR. Teichmüller, ndokuvandudza naE. Petri. Kubva pamakore ake ari mudzidzi airidza piyano mumakonzati, akatenderera muFrance, Hungary, Germany, Switzerland, uye Sweden.

Dvarionas akaunza boka renyeredzi revatambi - kubva 1926 akadzidzisa kirasi yepiyano paKaunas School of Music, kubva 1933 - paKaunas Conservatory. Kubva 1949 kusvika pakupera kwehupenyu hwake aive purofesa paLithuanian State Conservatory. Dvarionas aibatanidzwawo mukuitisa. Atova kondakita akura, anotora bvunzo kunze naG. Abendroth muLeipzig (1939). Muitisi N. Malko, uyo akashanya muKaunas mukuvamba ma30, akati pamusoro paDvarionas: “Ndiye muimbisi ane mano okuberekwa nawo, muimbi anonzwisisa, anoziva chiri madikanwa uye chinogona kudiwa kuboka reorchestra raakaronzeswa.” Zvakaoma kuwedzeredza kukosha kweDvarionas mukusimudzira mimhanzi yenyanzvi yenyika: mumwe wekutanga vatungamiri veLithuania, akazvigadzirira chinangwa chekuita mabasa evanyori veLithuania kwete muLithuania chete, asi munyika yose uye kunze kwenyika. Akanga ari wekutanga kuitisa nhetembo ye symphonic "Gungwa" naMK Čiurlionis, akabatanidzwa muzvirongwa zvemakonti ake mabasa aJ. Gruodis, J. Karnavičius, J. Tallat-Kelpsa, A. Raciunas nevamwe. Dvarionas akaitawo mabasa evanyori veRussia, Soviet uye vekunze. Muna 1936, D. Shostakovich's First Symphony yakaitwa muBourgeois Lithuania pasi pekutungamirirwa kwake. Muna 1940, Dvarionas akaronga uye akatungamirira Vilnius City Symphony Orchestra, mumakore 40-50s. akanga ari mutungamiriri mukuru weLithuanian Philharmonic Orchestra, mutungamiriri mukuru weRepublican Song Festivals. “Rwiyo rwacho runofadza vanhu. Mufaro, zvisinei, unopa simba rehupenyu, nokuda kwebasa rekugadzira, "Dvarionas akanyora mushure memutambo wenziyo weguta reVilnius muna 1959. Dvarionas, mutungamiri, akataura nevaimbi vakuru vezana redu remakore: S. Prokofiev, I. Hoffman, A. Rubinstein, E. Petri, E. Gilels, G. Neuhaus.

Basa rekutanga guru-guru remunyori raiva ballet "Matchmaking" (1931). Pamwe chete naJ. Gruodis, munyori weBallet Jurate naKastytis, uye V. Batsevicius, uyo akanyora ballet In the Whirlwind of Dance, Dvarionas akanga ari pamavambo emhando iyi mumimhanzi yeLithuania. Chiitiko chakakosha chakatevera yaive "Festive Overture" (1946), inozivikanwawo se "PaAmber Shore". Mumufananidzo uyu we orchestra, madingindira anokatyamadza, echimbichimbi anochinjana zvine marimba anoenderana nemataurirwo echinyakare.

Pachiitiko chemakore makumi matatu ekurangarira kweGreat October Revolution, Dvarionas akanyora Symphony muE minor, yekutanga Lithuanian symphony. Zviri mukati maro zvinotsanangurwa ne epigraph: "Ndinokotamira kunyika yangu." Iyi symphonic canvas yakazara nerudo rwezvakasikwa, kune vanhu vayo. Anenge ese madingindira eSymphony ari padyo nerwiyo uye kutamba Lithuanian folklore.

Kwapera gore, rimwe remabasa akanaka kwazvo akaitwa naDvarionas akaonekwa - Concerto yeViolin uye Orchestra (1948), yakave kubudirira kukuru kwehunyanzvi hwemimhanzi yenyika. Kupinda kwemimhanzi yeLithuanian nyanzvi mune yese-Mubatanidzwa uye yepasirese nhandare yakabatana nebasa iri. Kuzadza jira reConcerto nemaimbiro enziyo dzechinyakare, muimbi anomiririra mairi tsika dzechiXNUMXth-century lyric-romantic concert. Iko kuumbwa kunofadza ne melodism, rupo rwekareidoscopically kushandura thematic zvinhu. Chibodzwa cheConcerto chakajeka uye chiri pachena. Dvarionas anoshandisa pano nziyo dzevanhu "Autumn Morning" uye "Doro, Beer" (yechipiri yakanyorwa nemunyori pachake).

Muna 1950, Dvarionas, pamwe chete nemunyori I. Svyadas, akanyora National Anthem yeLithuanian SSR kumashoko aA. Venclova. The instrumental concerto genre inomiririrwa mubasa raDvarionas nemamwe mabasa matatu. Aya ndiwo makonsati maviri echiridzwa chake chaanofarira piano (2, 1960) uye Concerto yehwamanda uye orchestra (1962). Yekutanga piyano concerto inyaya yakadzama yemanzwiro yakatsaurirwa kumakore makumi maviri ekuyeukwa kweSoviet Lithuania. Thematic material yeconcerto ndeyekutanga, 1963 mativi ayo, pakusiyana kwawo kwese, akabatanidzwa nemadingindira ane hukama akavakirwa pazvinyorwa zvengano. Saka, muchikamu 20 uye mukupedzisira, chinangwa chakagadziridzwa cherwiyo rwechiLithuanian rwiyo "O, chiedza chiri kupisa" inonzwika. Kurongeka kwemavara echinyorwa kunomisa chikamu chepiyano yega. Misanganiswa yeTimbre inovamba, semuenzaniso, mune inononoka 4rd chikamu chekonsati, piyano inorira zvisingaite muduti ine nyanga yeFrance. Mukonti, munyori anoshandisa nzira yake yaanofarira yekutsanangura - rhapsody, iyo inonyanya kuratidzwa mukugadzirwa kwemadingindira ekutanga kufamba. Iyo yakagadzirwa ine zvikamu zvakawanda zvemhando-yekutamba hunhu, inoyeuchidza vanhu sutartines.

Yechipiri piyano konsati yakanyorerwa soloist uye chamber orchestra, yakatsaurirwa kune wechidiki, uyo ane ramangwana. Muna 1954, paGumi reMakore eLithuanian Literature and Art muMoscow, Dvarionas' cantata "Kwaziso kuMoscow" (paSt. T. Tilvitis) yakaitirwa baritone, mix kwaya uye orchestra. Iri basa rakava rudzi rwekugadzirira kweiyo chete opera naDvarionas - "Dalia" (1958), yakanyorwa pachirongwa chemutambo waB. Sruoga "The Predawn Share" (free. I. Matskonis). Iyo opera inobva pachirongwa kubva munhoroondo yevanhu veLithuania - kupandukira kwakadzvinyirirwa nechisimba kwevarimi veSamogiti muna 1769. Munhu mukuru weiyo canvas yezvakaitika kare, Dalia Radailaite, anofa, achida kufa kune uranda.

“Paunoteerera mimhanzi yaDvarionas, unonzwa kupinda kunoshamisa kwemunyori mumweya yevanhu vake, mamiriro akaita nyika yake, nhoroondo yayo, mazuva ayo azvino. Zvaiita sekunge mwoyo wechizvarwa cheLithuania wakaratidza zvose zvakakosha uye zvepedyo kuburikidza nemimhanzi yemuimbi wayo ane tarenda… Basa rake harisi chete homwe yegoridhe yehunyanzvi hwerepublic. Inoshongedza tsika yose yemimhanzi yeSoviet yemarudzi akawanda. " (E. Svetlanov).

N. Aleksenko