Shirley Verrett |

Shirley Verrett

"Black Callas" haisisiri. Akasiya nyika ino musi wa5 Mbudzi, 2010. Kurasikirwa kwaShirley Verret kubva munhevedzano yezvisingagadzirike.

Chero ani anoziva nezvemabhuku ane mukurumbira ekuMaodzanyemba, angave ari Margaret Mitchell's Gone With the Wind kana Maurice Denouzier's Louisiana, achaziva zvakawanda zviratidzo zvehupenyu hwaShirley Verrett. Akazvarwa musi waMay 31, 1931 muNew Orleans, Louisiana. Iyi ndiyo chaiyo American South! Nhaka yetsika yevaFrance colonialists (saka murairo wakajeka wemutauro wechiFrench, waifadza zvikuru Shirley paakaimba "Carmen"), chinamato chakadzama: mhuri yake yaive yeSeventh-day Adventist sekete, uye ambuya vake vaive chimwe chinhu. shaman, animism pakati peCreoles hazvishamisi. Baba vaShirley vaiva nekambani yekuvaka, uye paaiva musikana, mhuri yakatamira kuLos Angeles. Shirley aiva mumwe wevana vashanu. Mundangariro dzake, akanyora kuti baba vake vaiva murume akanaka, asi kuranga vana nebhandi chakanga chiri chinhu chakajairika kwaari. Zvimwe zvekwakabva Shirley uye kubatana kwechitendero zvakakonzera matambudziko kwaari apo tarisiro yekuva muimbi yakaswedera pedyo: mhuri yakatsigira sarudzo yake, asi yakabata opera nemhosva. Veukama vaisazomukanganisa kana raive nezvebasa remuimbi wekonzati saMarian Anderson, asi opera! Akatanga kudzidza mimhanzi munharaunda yake yeLouisiana uye akaenderera mberi nedzidzo yake muLos Angeles kuti apedze zvidzidzo zvake paJuilliard School muNew York. Mutambo wake wekutanga waiva mugwaro reBritten rinonzi The Rape of Lucrezia muna 1957. Mumazuva iwayo, vaimbi vemavara eopera vakanga vasingawanzoitiki. Shirley Verrett aifanira kunzwa kuvava uye kunyadziswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu aya muganda rake pachake. Kunyange Leopold Stokowski akanga asina simba: aida kuti aimbe naSchoenberg "Nziyo dzeGurr" naye mukonzati muHouston, asi nhengo dze orchestra dzakamuka kusvika parufu dzichipokana nemutema solo. Akataura pamusoro peizvi mubhuku rake renhoroondo yehupenyu I Never Walked Alone.

Muna 1951, Verret wechidiki akaroora James Carter, uyo akanga ari mukuru kwaari nemakore gumi nemana uye akazviratidza kuva murume asingatani kudzora uye kusashivirira. Pazvikwangwani zvenguva iyoyo, muimbi wacho ainzi Shirley Verrett-Carter. Muchato wake wechipiri, naLou LoMonaco, wakapedzwa muna 1963 uye wakagara kusvika pakufa kwemuimbi. Aive makore maviri mushure mekukunda kwake Metropolitan Opera audition.

Muna 1959, Verrett akaita chitarisiko chake chekutanga kuEurope, achiita kuti atange kuCologne muna Nicholas Nabokov's The Death of Rasputin. Shanduko yebasa rake yaive 1962: ndipo paakatamba saCarmen paMutambo weNyika mbiri muSpoleto uye pasina nguva akaita kuti atange kuNew York City Opera (Irina muWeil's Lost in the Stars). MuSpoleto, mhuri yake yakapinda mutambo we "Carmen": hama dzake dzakamuteerera, dzichipfugama uye dzichikumbira ruregerero kubva kuna Mwari. Muna 1964, Shirley akaimba Carmen pachikuva cheBolshoi Theatre: chokwadi chakasiyana, tichifunga kuti izvi zvakaitika pakakwirira chaipo peCold War.

Pakupedzisira, aizi yakavhuniwa, uye magonhi edzimba dzakakurumbira dzeOpera munyika dzakavhurirwa Shirley Verrett: mumakore makumi matanhatu, kutanga kwake kwakaitika muCovent Garden (Ulrika muMasquerade Ball), paComunale Theatre muFlorence uye. iyo Metropolitan Opera muNew York (Carmen), paLa Scala Theatre (Dalila muSamsoni naDelilah). Mushure mezvo, zita rake rakashongedza mapepa emamwe ese ane mukurumbira opera dzimba nehoro dzemakonzati munyika: Paris Grand Opera, Vienna State Opera, San Francisco Opera, Chicago Lyric Opera, Carnegie Hall.

Mumakore ekuma1970 nema80s, Verrett aive akabatana zvakanyanya neBoston Opera conductor uye director Sarah Calwell. Iri neguta rino iro Aida wake, Norma naTosca vanobatanidzwa. Muna 1981, Verrett akaimba Desdemona muOthello. Asi kupinda kwake kwekutanga mumuimbi wesoprano kwakaitika kare muna 1967, paakaimba chikamu chaElizabeth muDonizetti's Mary Stuart paFlorentine Musical May mutambo. "Shift" yemuimbi munzira yemabasa e soprano yakakonzera mhinduro dzakasiyana. Vamwe vatsoropodzi vanoyemura vakarangarira ikoku kuva mhosho. Izvo zvave zvichipokana kuti kuita panguva imwe chete kwemezzo-soprano uye soprano pianos kwakatungamira izwi rake "kuparadzanisa" mumarejista maviri akasiyana. Asi Verrett akatamburawo nechirwere chegomarara chakakonzera kuvharika kwebronchi. Kurwiswa kwaigona “kumucheka” asingatarisiri. Muna 1976, akaimba chikamu cheAdalgiza paMet uye, mavhiki matanhatu gare gare, pakushanya neboka rake, Norma. MuBoston, Norma wake akagamuchirwa nemufaro mukuru akamira. Asi makore matatu gare gare, muna 1979, paakazoonekwa saNorma pachikuva cheMet, akabatwa nehosha, uye izvi zvakakanganisa kuimba kwake. Pakazara, akaita pachikuva chemitambo yakakurumbira ka126, uye, sekutonga, yakabudirira zvikuru.

Muna 1973 Metropolitan Opera yakavhurwa nekutanga kweLes Troyens naBerlioz naJohn Vickers saAeneas. Verrett haana kungoimba Cassandra muchikamu chekutanga che opera duology, asi zvakare akatsiva Christa Ludwig saDido muchikamu chechipiri. Kuita uku kwakaramba kuri mu opera annals. Muna 1975, paMet imwecheteyo, akahwina budiriro saNeocles muRossini's The Siege of Corinth. Shamwari dzake dzaive Justino Diaz naBeverly Sills: kune yekupedzisira yaive yakanonoka kwenguva refu padanho reiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa opera imba muUnited States. Muna 1979 aive Tosca uye Cavaradossi yake yaive Luciano Pavarotti. Mutambo uyu wakaburitswa paterevhizheni uye wakaburitswa paDVD.

Verrett aive nyeredzi yeParis Opera, ainyanya kuridza Rossini's Moses, Cherubini's Medea, Verdi's Macbeth, Iphigenia muTauris uye Gluck's Alceste. Muna 1990, akatora chikamu mukugadzirwa kweLes Troyens, yakatsaurirwa kumhemberero yegore rechiXNUMX rekuputika kweBastille uye kuvhurwa kweBastille Opera.

Theatrical kukunda kwaShirley Verrett kwakanga kusina kunyatsoratidzwa muzvinyorwa. Pakutanga kwebasa rake, akarekodha kuRCA: Orpheus naEurydice, The Force of Destiny, Luisa Miller naCarlo Bergonzi naAnna Moffo, Un ballo mu maschera ane Bergonzi akafanana naLeontine Price, Lucrezia Borgi nekutora chikamu Montserrat Caballe uye Alfredo Kraus. Ipapo iye oga neRCA yakapera, uye kubva muna 1970 maopera akarekodhwa nekutora chikamu kwake akaburitswa pasi pemazita eEMI, Westminster Records, Deutsche Grammophon naDecca. Idzi ndiDon Carlos, Anna Boleyn, Norma (chikamu chaAdalgisa), Siege yeKorinde (chikamu cheNeocles), Macbeth, Rigoletto uye Il trovatore. Chokwadi, makambani ekurekodha haana hanya naye.

Basa raVerrett rakanakisa uye rakasiyana rakapera mukutanga kwema1990. Muna 1994, Shirley akamuita Broadway debut saNetti Fowler muRodgers uye Hammerstein's mumhanzi Carousel. Agara achida mimhanzi yerudzi urwu. Mhedzisiro yebasa raNatty rwiyo "Haufe Walk Wega". Aya mazwi akadururwa akave musoro webhuku raShirley Verrett, I Never Walked Alone, uye mutambo wacho wakahwina mibairo yeTony mishanu.

MunaGunyana 1996, Verrett akatanga kudzidzisa kuimba paYunivhesiti yeMichigan's Chikoro cheMimhanzi, Theatre uye Dhanzi. Akapa master makirasi muUnited States neEurope.

Inzwi raShirley Verrett rakanga riri izwi risina kujairika, rakasiyana nemamwe. Iri inzwi, zvichida, haringagoni kuonekwa seguru, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vatsoropodzi vakariratidza se "simba". Kune rimwe divi, muimbi wacho aive neanorevesa timbre, inonzwika kugadzirwa kweruzha uye munhu wega timbre (ndizvo chaizvo mukusavapo kwayo ndiko dambudziko guru revaimbi vemazuva ano opera!). Verrett aive mumwe weanotungamira mezzo-sopranos echizvarwa chake, dudziro yake yemabasa akadai saCarmen naDherira icharamba iri muzvinyorwa zveopera. Vasingakanganwike zvakare Orpheus wake muOpera yaGluck yezita rimwechete, Leonora muThe Favorite, Azucena, Princess Eboli, Amneris. Panguva imwecheteyo, kusavapo kwematambudziko chero kupi zvako murejista yepamusoro uye sonority kwakamubvumira kuti abudirire kuita mune soprano repertoire. Akaimba Leonora muFidelio, Celica muThe African Woman, Norma, Amelia muUn ballo mune maschera, Desdemona, Aida, Santuzza muRural Honour, Tosca, Judit muBartók's Bluebeard Duke's Castle, Madame Lidoin mu“Dialogues of the Carmelites” Poulenc. Kunyanya kubudirira kwakamuperekedza pabasa raLady Macbeth. Ne opera iyi akavhura mwaka wa1975-76 paTeatro alla Scala inotungamirwa naGiorgio Strehler uye inotungamirwa naClaudio Abbado. Muna 1987, Claude d'Anna akadhirowa opera naLeo Nucci saMacbeth naRiccardo Chailly sekondakita. Hazvizove zvekuwedzeredza kutaura kuti Verrett aive mumwe wevakanyanya kuita basa reLady munhoroondo yese yeiyi opera, uye goosebumps achiri kumhanya neganda remuteereri ane hanya kubva pakuona firimu.

Izwi raVerrett rinogona kurondedzerwa se "falcon" soprano, iyo isiri nyore kuratidza zvakajeka. Muchinjikwa pakati pesoprano nemezzo-soprano, izwi rinonyanya kufarirwa nevaimbi veFrance vemuzana ramakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe nemaItaly vainyora maopera echikamu cheParis; zvikamu zverudzi urwu rwezwi zvinosanganisira Celica, Delilah, Dido, Princess Eboli.

Shirley Verret aive nechitarisiko chinonakidza, kunyemwerera kunoyevedza, dariro rerudo, chipo chaicho chekuita. Asi iye acharamba ari munhoroondo yemimhanzi zvakare semuongorori asinganeti mumunda wemitsara, mataurirwo, mimvuri uye nzira nyowani dzekutaura. Ainyanya kukosha pashoko racho. Hunhu hwese uhu hwakapa kuenzanisa naMaria Callas, uye Verrett aiwanzonzi "La nera Callas, iyo Black Callas".

Shirley Verrett akaonekana nenyika munaNovember 5, 2010 muAnn Arbor. Aiva nemakore makumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe. Vadikani vezwi havagone kuvimba nechitarisiko chemazwi senzwi rake. Uye zvichave zvakaoma, kana zvisingaite, kuti vaimbi vaite saLady Macbeth.