Plagal cadence |

Plagal cadence (Late Latin plagalis, kubva kuGreek plagios - lateral, indirect) - imwe yemhando dze cadence (1), inoratidzirwa nekudzidza kwekuwirirana S uye T (IV-I, II65-I, VII43-I, nezvimwewo); zvinopesana nechokwadi. cadence (D - T) seyo huru, huru. type. Kune akazara (S - T) uye hafu (T - S) P. kusvika. Munormative P. to. inzwi rekugadzirisa tonic iripo (kana inoreva) mukuwirirana S uye haisi ruzha rutsva pakusuma T; zvakabatana neizvi zvicharatidza. hunhu hwaP. to. inonyoroveswa, sekunge yechiito chisina kunanga (kusiyana neiyo cadence yechokwadi, iyo inoratidzirwa neyakajeka, yakavhurika, inopinza hunhu). Kazhinji P. to. yakashandiswa mushure meiyo yechokwadi sechinhu chinosimbisa uye panguva imwe chete ichipfavisa kuwedzera (“Offertorium” muMozart's Requiem).

Izwi rokuti "P. kuti.” inodzokera kumazita eMiddle Ages. frets (mashoko plagii, plagioi, plagi atotaurwa kare muzana remakore rechi8-9 muzvinyorwa zveAlcuin naAurelian). Kutamiswa kwetemu kubva kumodhi kuenda kune cadence kuri pamutemo chete kana uchikamura cadence kuita zvakakosha uye zvisingakoshi, asi kwete kana uchitarisa zvimiro zvetsamba (V - I = chokwadi, IV - I = plug), nekuti mune plagal Middle Ages. frets (semuenzaniso, mu II toni, ine skeleton: A - d - a) pakati paive isiri ruzha rwepasi (A), asi yekupedzisira (d), maererano neKrom, mune dzakawanda plagal modes hapana. kota yepamusoro haina kugadzikana (ona systematics frets naG. Zarlino, “Le istitutioni harmoniche”, chikamu IV, chitsauko. 10-13).

Kufanana nemifananidzo. chiitiko cheP. to. inogadziriswa pamagumo ezvibodzwa zvakawanda. mimhanzi inotamba secrystallization pachayo ichagumisa. turnover (pamwe chete neicho chechokwadi cadence). Saka, motet ye ars antiqua era "Qui d'amours" (kubva kuMontpellier Codex) inoguma naP. k.:

f - gf - c

Muzana remakore rechi14 P. to. rinoshandiswa semhedziso. turnover, ine imwe ruvara, kuratidza (G. de Machaux, 4th uye 32nd ballads, 4th rondo). Kubva pakati pezana remakore rechi15 P. kusvika. inova (pamwe chete neyechokwadi) imwe yemhando mbiri dzakanyanya dzeharmonics. mhedziso. P.ku. hazvina kujairika mumhedziso dzepolyphonic. Nziyo dzeRenaissance, kunyanya pedyo nePalestrina (ona, semuenzaniso, mitsetse yekupedzisira Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Agnus Dei weMisa yaPapa Marcello); nokudaro rimwe zita P. k. – “chechi cadenza”. Gare gare (kunyanya muzana remakore rechi17 nerechi18) P. kusvika. nenzira. chiyero chinosundirwa parutivi neicho chechokwadi uye sechiyero chekupedzisira chinoshandiswa zvishoma kazhinji pane muzana ramakore re16. (somuenzaniso, kupera kwechikamu chezwi che aria "Es ist vollbracht" kubva ku159th cantata naJS Bach).

Muzana remakore rechi19 P. kukosha kwe. inowedzera. L. Beethoven aiishandisa kakawanda. VV Stasov akanyatsoratidza kuti mumabasa e "nguva yekupedzisira yeBeethoven munhu haagoni kutadza kuona basa rinokosha rinoitwa ne "plagal cadences". Mune aya mafomu, akaona “ukama hukuru uye hwepedyo nezviri mukati zvakazadza mweya wake (waBeethoven). Stasov akakwevera pfungwa pakushandiswa nguva dzose kweP. to. mumimhanzi yechizvarwa chinotevera chevanyori (F. Chopin nevamwe). P. k. yakawana kukosha kukuru kubva kuna MI Glinka, uyo ainyanya kugadzira mukutsvaga mafomu eplagal ekupedzisa zvikamu zvakakura zvemabasa ekuvhiya. Iyo tonic inotungamirwa neiyo VI yakaderera nhanho (yekupedzisira yechiito chekutanga che opera Ruslan naLyudmila), uye IV nhanho (Susanin's aria), uye II nhanho (yekupedzisira kwechipiri chiitiko che opera Ivan Susanin) , etc. plagal mitsara (kwaya yePoles in act 1 of the same opera). Express. hunhu hwaP. to. Glinka kazhinji anotevera kubva padingindira. mazwi (mhedziso ye "Pezhiya Choir" mune opera "Ruslan naLyudmila") kana kubva mukutevedzana kwakatsetseka kwekubatana, kwakabatanidzwa nekubatana kwekufamba (sumo yeRuslan's aria mune imwechete opera).

Mukunyepedzera kwekunzwanana kwaGlinka, VO Berkov akaona “mafambiro uye pesvedzero yetsinhirano yenziyo dzechiRussian uye rudo rweMadokero. Uye mubasa gare gare Russian. classics, plagality yaiwanzobatanidzwa nemataurirwo echiRussian. rwiyo, hunhu modal coloring. Pakati pemienzaniso yekuratidzira ndeye kwaya yevagari vemumusha uye kwaya yevakomana "Kwatiri, mwanasikana wamambo, kwete kwekutanga" kubva mu opera "Prince Igor" naBorodin; kupera kwerwiyo rwaVarlaam "Sezvazvaive muguta muKazan" kubva ku opera "Boris Godunov" naMussorgsky ine nhevedzano yeII yakaderera - I nhanho uye inotonyanya kushinga harmonica. turnover: V pasi - Ndinopinda mukwaya "Vakapararira, vakacheneswa" kubva kune imwechete opera; Rwiyo rwaSadko "O, iwe sango rakasviba remuoki" kubva kune opera "Sadko" naRimsky-Korsakov, chords pamberi pekunyura kweKitezh mune yake opera "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh".

Nekuda kwekuvapo kweinzwi rekutanga mumitsetse pamberi pe tonic, mune yekupedzisira kesi, yakasarudzika musanganiswa we plagality uye yechokwadi inomuka. Iyi fomu inodzokera kune yekare P.k., inosanganisira kutevedzana kweterzquartaccord yedhigirii yechiXNUMX uye katatu yedhigirii rechiXNUMX nekufamba kweizwi rekutanga kupinda mutonic.

Kubudirira kwechiRussian classics mumunda we plagality yakagadziridzwazve mumhanzi wevatsivi vavo - mazizi. vanyori. Kunyanya, SS Prokofiev inovandudza zvakanyanya chord mumhedziso yeplagal, semuenzaniso. muAndante caloroso kubva ku7th sonata yepiyano.

Chikamu cheP. to. inoramba ichipfumiswa uye kukudziridzwa mumimhanzi yazvino, iyo isingarasikirwe neiyo classical. harmonic fomu. functionality.

References: Stasov VV, Lber einige neue Form der heutigen Musik, “NZfM”, 1858, No 1-4; zvakafanana muchiRussia. lang. pasi pemusoro unoti: Pane mamwe marudzi emimhanzi yemazuva ano, Sobr. soch., ndima 3, St. Petersburg, 1894; Berkov VO, Glinka's Harmony, M.-L., 1948; Trambitsky VN, Plagality uye hukama hwakabatana murwiyo rweRussia kuwirirana, mu: Mibvunzo yeMusicology, vol. 2, M., 1955. Onawo lit. pasi pezvinyorwa Authentic Cadence, Harmony, Cadence (1).

V. V. Protopopov, Yu. Ya. Kholopov