Piano: chiridzwa kuumbwa, zviyero, nhoroondo, ruzha, zvinonakidza chokwadi

Piano (muItaly - pianino) - imhando yepiyano, vhezheni yayo diki. Iri tambo-kibhodhi, chiridzwa chemumhanzi chinofadza, huwandu hwayo huri matani makumi masere nemasere. Inoshandiswa kuridza mimhanzi munzvimbo diki.

Dhizaini uye basa

Matanho mana makuru anogadzira dhizaini ndeyekuridza uye keyboard machanicha, madhizaini, muviri, uye midziyo yekurira.

Chikamu chemashure chemapuranga che "torso", kuchengetedza maitiro ose emukati, kupa simba - futor. Pairi pane peg board yakagadzirwa nemaple kana beech - virbelbank. Hoko dzinoroverwa mariri uye tambo dzinotambanudzwa.

Piano deck - nhovo, inenge 1 cm mukobvu kubva kune akati wandei maspruce board. Inoreva iyo inonzwika system, yakanamirwa kumberi kwefutor, inodzokorora kudedera. Kukura kwepiyano kunoenderana nenhamba yeshinda uye kureba kwegudzanzwi.

Simbi yakaumbwa inokoswa pamusoro, zvichiita kuti piyano iremerwe nehuremu. Huremu hwepiyano hunosvika 200 kg.

Iyo keyboard iri pabhodhi, yakasundidzirwa mberi zvishoma, yakafukidzwa necornice ine mimhanzi inomira (mira mimhanzi). Kudzvanya mahwendefa neminwe yako kunotamisa simba kune sando, izvo zvinorova tambo uye kubvisa zvinyorwa. Kana chigunwe chabviswa, motif inonyaradzwa nedamper.

Iyo damper system inosanganiswa nenyundo uye inowanikwa pane imwe yakagadziriswa chikamu.

Shinda dzesimbi dzakaputirwa nemhangura zvishoma nezvishoma dzakatambanudzwa panguva yeKutamba. Kuti udzorere elasticity yavo, unofanirwa kudana tenzi anokwanisa.

Piyano ine makiyi mangani

Kazhinji pane makiyi makumi masere nemasere chete, ayo makumi mashanu nembiri machena, makumi matatu nematanhatu matema, kunyangwe nhamba yemakiyi mune mamwe mapiyano akasiyana. Zita remuchena rinoenderana ne88 manotsi akarongeka. Iyi seti inodzokororwa mukati mese keyboard. Chinhambwe kubva pane imwe noti kuenda kune imwe ndeye octave. Makiyi matema anopihwa mazita zvichienderana nenzvimbo yavo kune chena: kurudyi - kwakapinza, kuruboshwe - flat.

Saizi yemakiyi machena ndeye 23mm * 145mm, makiyi matema ari 9mm * 85mm.

Iwo akawedzerwa anodiwa kuti abudise ruzha rwe "kwaya" yetambo (kusvika ku3 pamutsikiro).

Chii chinonzi piano pedals?

Chiridzwa chine mapedal matatu, ese anopfumisa rwiyo nemanzwiro:

• Ruboshwe runoita kuti masaisai ave mashoma. Sando dzinoswedera pedyo neshinda, mukaha unooneka pakati pawo, span inova diki, kurova kunenge kusina simba.
• Iyo yakarurama inoshandiswa isati yasvika kana mushure mekutsikirira rekodhi, inosimudza dampers, tambo dzose dzakazaruka zvakakwana, dzinogona kurira panguva imwe chete. Izvi zvinopa ruvara rusina kujairika kune rwiyo.
• Iyo yepakati inovhara ruzha, ichiisa yakapfava inonzwa mutsetse pakati petambo nenyundo, inobvumidza iwe kutamba kunyangwe pakati pehusiku, hazvishande kuvhiringidza vausingazivi. Zvimwe zvishandiso zvinopa gomo kubvisa tsoka.

Kazhinji kazhinji pane zviridzwa zvine pedals maviri. Panguva Yekutamba, vanomanikidzwa nekumira. Izvi zviri nyore kupfuura tateguru we clavichord: marevhisi akakosha akafambisa mabvi.

Nhoroondo yepiyano

1397 - kekutanga kutaurwa muItari nezve harpsichord ine nzira yakadzurwa yekuburitsa manzwi ane ruzha zvakaenzana. Kuipa kwechigadzirwa chacho kwaiva kushayikwa kwemasimba mumimhanzi.

Kubva muzana remakore rechi15 kusvika kuzana remakore rechi18, clavichords yepercussion-clamping yakaonekwa. Volume yakagadziridzwa zvichienderana nekuti kiyi yacho yakadzvanywa zvakasimba sei. Asi inzwi racho rakakurumidza kupera.

Kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 18 - Bartolomeo Cristofori akagadzira michina yepiyano yemazuva ano.

1800 - J. Hawkins akagadzira piyano yekutanga.

1801 - M. Muller akagadzira chiridzwa chimwe chete chemimhanzi uye akauya nemapedali.

Pakupedzisira, pakati pezana remakore rechi19 - chiridzwa chinotora chimiro chekare. Mumwe nomumwe anogadzira anoshandura zvishoma chimiro chemukati, asi pfungwa huru inoramba yakafanana.

Piano saizi uye mhando

4 mapoka anogona kusiyaniswa:

• Musha (acoustic / digital). Inorema inenge 300 kg, kureba 130 cm.
• Cabinet. Mudiki muhukuru. Inorema 200 kg, 1 m kureba.
• Salon. Kurema 350 kg, kureba 140 cm. Inova kushongedzwa kwemukati wemakirasi echikoro, horo diki, maresitorendi, nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuvaraidza.
• Concert. Inorema 500 kg. Kureba 130 cm, kureba 150 cm. Studios uye orchestra vanodada navo nekuda kwehuwandu hweruvara rwetimbre.

Chokwadi chinonakidza: mufananidzo mukuru unorema kupfuura tani 1, kureba kwayo 3,3 metres.

Mhando yakakurumbira ndeye cabinet. Upamhi hunoyerwa nekhibhodi, iyo inogona kusvika 150 cm. Inotaridzika chaizvo compact.

Musiyano uripo pakati pepiyano nepiyano huru ndewekuti iyo yekupedzisira inoshandiswa muhoro hombe nekuda kwehuremu hwekurira kwayo uye hukuru hunokatyamadza hwakazara, kusiyana nepiyano inoshandiswa muzvivakwa zvekugara. Nzira dzemukati dzepiyano dzakaiswa vertically, iyo yakakwirira, yakaiswa pedyo nemadziro.

Vaimbi vane mukurumbira uye piano

Zvakakosha kutanga kukudziridza unyanzvi nevana vane makore 3-4, kukudziridza muchindwe wakafara. Zvinobatsira kutamba zvine hunyanzvi. Vazhinji vairidza piyano vaiva vanyori vemabasa avo. Zvakanga zvisinganyanyi kuitika kuti uve muimbi anobudirira nokuimba zvidimbu zvevamwe vanhu.

1732 - Lodovico Giustini akanyora sonata yekutanga pasirese yakananga piyano.

Mumwe weakanyanya kukosha hunhu munhoroondo yemimhanzi yenyika ndiLudwig van Beethoven. Akanyora anoshanda piyano, piano concertos, violin, cello. Pakuumba, akashandisa marudzi ose anozivikanwa.

Frederic Chopin muimbi we virtuoso anobva kuPoland. Mabasa ake akagadzirirwa kuita ega, zvisikwa zvakakosha hazvigone kuenzaniswa nechero chinhu. Vateereri vemakonti eChopin vakacherechedza kureruka kusingawanzoitiki kwekubata kwemaoko emunyori pamakiyi.

Franz Liszt - Mukwikwidzi waChopin, muimbi, mudzidzisi kubva kuHungary. Akapa mitambo inopfuura 1000 muma1850, mushure mokunge asiya uye akazvipira hupenyu hwake kune chimwe chikonzero.

Johann Sebastian Bach akanyora anopfuura 1000 mabasa mumarudzi ese kunze kweopera. Chokwadi chinonakidza: London Bach (sekudanwa kwaiitwa munyori wacho) yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, isingasviki gumi yezvisikwa zvese zvakadhindwa.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, achiri mwana, akakurumidza kuziva unyanzvi, uye sejaya akanga atotamba semunhu mukuru. Iyo brainchild yaPeter Ilyich iri muraibhurari yemimhanzi yenyika.

Sergei Rachmaninov akakwanisa kutambanudza ruoko rwake anenge 2 octaves. Etudes yakasara, ichisimbisa kugona kwemunyori. Mubasa rake, akatsigira romanticism yezana remakore rechi19.

Kuda mimhanzi kune mhedzisiro yakanaka pahuropi nemoyo. Inofadza fungidziro, inoita kuti udedere.