Mechanical piyano: chii, chiridzwa kuumbwa, musimboti kushanda, nhoroondo

Kare piyano inogadzirwa isati yavamba, vanhu vaiteerera mimhanzi yairidzwa nahurdy-gurdy. Murume aive nebhokisi akafamba achidzika nemugwagwa, akatenderedza mubato uye mhomho yevanhu yakaungana. Mazana emakore achapfuura, uye musimboti wekushanda kwechirongo chichava hwaro hwekugadzira iyo nzira yekuumbwa kutsva, iyo ichanzi pianola.

Chigadzirwa uye musimboti wekushanda

Iyo pianola chiridzwa chemumhanzi chinoburitsa mimhanzi pamusimboti wepiyano nekurova makiyi nesando. Musiyano mukuru pakati pepiyano nepiyano yakatwasuka ndewekuti hazvidi kuvepo kwemuimbi ane hunyanzvi kuti aridze. Ruzha runorira otomatiki.

Mukati mekubatanidza kana kuti yakavakirwa-mukati mudziyo ndeye roller, pamusoro peiyo protrusions inoshandiswa. Kurongeka kwavo kunoenderana nekutevedzana kwezvinyorwa zvechidimbu chiri kuitwa. Iyo roller inoshandiswa nenzira yekubata, protrusions sequentially kuita panyundo, uye rwiyo runowanikwa.

Imwe vhezheni yekuumbwa, iyo yakaonekwa gare gare, yakashanda pane imwechete musimboti, asi mamakisi akaiswa encoded patepi yepepa. Mhepo yakavhuvhuta nemumaburi etepi yakarohwa, yaiita panyundo, iyo, iyo, pamakiyi netambo.

Nhoroondo yekwakabva

Muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, masters akatanga kuyedza pianola zvishandiso zvinoenderana nekuita kwechikanika nhengo. Pamberi pepianola, harmonicon yakaonekwa, umo matanda pabhodhi rakadhindwa akashanda pamakiyi. Gare gare, mugadziri wechiFrench JA Muedzo wakaunza nyika kune kadhibhodhi, uko puranga rine tsvimbo rakatsiviwa nekadhi rakabhowa rine pneumatic mechanism.

E. Votey anonzi ndiye akatanga piano yemuchina. Pianola yake ya1895 yakashanda nekudzvinyirirwa kwakagadzirwa neanoridza piyano pazasi pechiridzwa. Mimhanzi yairidzwa pachishandiswa mapepa ane maperforated paper rolls. Makomba ari mupepa aingoratidzira zvinyorwa chete, pakanga pasina mithunzi ine simba, pasina tempo. Musiyano pakati pepiyano nepiyano panguva iyoyo waive wekuti yekutanga yaisada kuvepo kwemuimbi aiziva hunhu hwevashandi vemimhanzi.

Midziyo yekutanga yaive nediki, zviyero zvakakura. Vakagoverwa kuridza piyano, uye vateereri vakagara pasi. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, vakadzidzisa kuisa chimiro mumuviri wepiyano uye kushandisa dhiraivha yemagetsi. Zviyero zvechigadzirwa zvave zviduku.

Vaimbi vane mukurumbira vakatanga kufarira chiridzwa chitsva ichi. Vaiita kuti mabasa avo aenderane nepianola nekunyora zvibodzwa pamapepa. Pakati pevanyori vakakurumbira ndiS. Rachmaninov, I. Stravinsky.

Magiramufoni akave akakurumbira muma30s. Dzakave dzakajairika uye dzakakurumidza kutsiva piyano yemuchina. Panguva yekugadzirwa kwemakombiyuta ekutanga, kufarira kwaari kwakatanga zvakare. Iyo piyano inozivikanwa kwazvo yedhijitari yakaonekwa nhasi, mutsauko uri mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwezvibodzwa uye kurekodha kwe encoded inonzwika pamagetsi media.

Kushandisa pianola

The heyday yechishandiso chemuchina chakauya pakutanga kwezana ramakore rapfuura. Vateereri vaida kusarudza zvimwe zvidimbu, uye kudiwa kwakabereka kupa. The repertoire yakawedzera, Chopin's nocturnes, Beethoven's symphonies uye kunyange jazz nziyo dzakavepo. Milhaud, Stravinsky, Hindemith "akanyora" anoshanda zvakanyanya kune pianola.

Kukurumidza uye kuurayiwa kwemaitiro akaoma zvikuru erhythmic zvakave zviripo kune chiridzwa, icho chakanga chakaomera "kurarama" vatambi kuti vaite. Achifarira piyano yemuchina, Conlon Nancarrow akaita sarudzo yake, akanyora Etudes yeMechanical Piano.

Musiyano uripo pakati pepianola nepianoforte waigona kusundira zvachose mimhanzi "mhenyu" kumashure. Piyano yakanga yakasiyana nepianola kwete bedzi pakuti yaida kuvapo kwomuimbi ane unyanzvi. Mamwe mabasa aida kudzidza kwenguva refu uye hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwemuiti nekuda kwekuoma kwavo. Asi nekuuya kwemagiramufoni, radiograms uye tepi rekodhi, chiridzwa ichi chakakanganikwa zvachose, chakanga chisisashandiswi, uye zvino unogona kuchiona chete mumamyuziyamu uye muunganidzwa wevatengesi vekare.