Homophony |

Greek omoponia - monophony, unison, kubva omos - imwe, yakafanana, yakafanana uye ponn - inzwi, inzwi

Mhando yepolyphony inoratidzwa nekukamurwa kwemanzwi kuita makuru uye anoperekedza. Iyi G. inosiyana zvakanyanya nepolyphony, zvichibva pakuenzana kwemanzwi. G. uye polyphony zvinosiyaniswa pamwe chete nemonody - monophony pasina kuperekedza (yakadai ndiyo tsika yakagadzwa yemazwi; zvisinei, kumwe kushandiswa kwemazwi kune pamutemo: G. - semonophony, "one-toni", monody - serwiyo kuperekedza, “kuimba mune rimwe remazwi” ).

Pfungwa ye "G". yakatanga muna Dr. Greece, kwaireva kurira pamwe chete (“inzwi rimwechete”) kwenzwi nenzwi nechiridzwa chinoperekedza (pamwe chete nokuridza kwacho nekwaya yakasanganiswa kana kuti pamwe chete mukupetwa kaviri). Saizvozvo G. inowanikwa muna Nar. mimhanzi pl. nyika kusvika nhasi. nguva. Kana kubatana kuchiputsika nguva nenguva uye kudzorerwa zvakare, heterophony inomuka, iyo inofananidzira tsika dzekare, nokuda kwekuita nar. performance.

Zvinhu zvekunyora kwemahomophonic zvaive zvemuEurope. mimhanzi tsika yatova padanho rekutanga mukuvandudzwa kwepolyphony. Munguva dzakasiyana vanozviratidza nekusiyana kukuru kana kushoma (semuenzaniso, mukuita kwe faubourdon mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 14). Geography yakanyanya kuvandudzwa panguva yekuchinja kubva kuRenaissance kuenda kunguva yemazuva ano (16th uye 17th mazana emakore). The heyday of homophonic kunyora muzana remakore rechi17. yakagadzirwa nekuvandudzwa kweEurope. mimhanzi ye14th-15th uye kunyanya ye16th century. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvakakonzera kutonga kweG. zvaive: kuziva zvishoma nezvishoma kwekodhi sekuzvimiririra. ruzha rwakaoma (uye kwete kungoverengera kwepakati), kuratidza izwi repamusoro seyoyo huru (kumashure pakati pezana ramakore rechi 16 pakanga paine mutemo: "iyo modhi inotemwa neinore"; pakupera kwe16th. -17th mazana emakore yakatsiviwa nenheyo itsva: iyo mode inotarirwa nezwi repamusoro), kugoverwa kwehomophonic harmonic. maererano neimba yokuchengetera zvinhu. frottall i villanelle, french. kwaya. nziyo.

Mimhanzi yeruti, chiridzwa chakajairika chemumba chezana ramakore rechi 15 nerechi 16, chakaita basa rinokosha zvikuru mukusimbisa gitare. Chirevo G. chakabatsirawo kune akawanda. hurongwa hwe lute hwevazhinji-vane misoro. polyphonic mabasa. Nekuda kwekuganhurirwa kwepolyphonic Mikana yeruti pakunyora yaifanirwa kurerutsa magadzirirwo nekusvetuka kutevedzera, tisingataure mamwe akaomarara epolyphonic. misanganiswa. Kuti uchengetedze ruzha rwekutanga rwebasa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, murongi akamanikidzwa kusiya huwandu hweaya manzwi aive mupolyphonic achiperekedza izwi repamusoro. mitsetse, asi inochinja basa rayo: kubva pakunzwika kwemanzwi, kazhinji kazhinji akaenzana mukodzero nenzwi riri pamusoro, akachinja kuva manzwi anomuperekedza.

Muitiro wakafanana wakamuka mukunopera kwezana ramakore rechi 16. uye vaimbi - vaimbi uye harpsichordists vaiperekedza kuimba. Pasina zvibodzwa pamberi pemeso avo (kusvika muzana ramakore rechi 17, nziyo dzenziyo dzaingogoverwa muzvikamu zvekuridza chete), vaperekedzi vezviridzwa vakamanikidzwa kunyora zvinyorwa zvepakutanga zvemabasa akaitwa. muchimiro chenhevedzano yekurira kwakaderera kwemimhanzi. machira uye kurekodha kwakareruka kwemamwe manzwi uchishandisa manhamba. Chinyorwa chakadaro muchimiro chezwi melodic uye bass izwi nedigitization yemakonzoni, iyo yakagamuchira kugoverwa kwakakosha kubva pakutanga. Muzana remakore rechi17, naz. general bass uye inomiririra mhando yekutanga yekunyora homophonic mumimhanzi yemazuva ano.

Chechi yePurotesitendi, iyo yakatsvaka kubatana nechechi. kuimba kwevatendi vose, uye kwete chete zvakakosha. makwaya akadzidziswa, akashandiswawo zvakanyanya musimboti weG. mumhanzi wechitendero - inzwi repamusoro, rinonzwika zvakanyanya rakava iro guru, mamwe manzwi akaitwa anoenderana nechordal. Izvi zvakakonzerawo mimhanzi. Maitiro echiKatorike. machechi. Pakupedzisira, shanduko kubva ku polyphonic. tsamba kune homophonic, iyo yakaitika pamucheto we16th uye 17th mazana emakore, yakabatsira kune ubiquitous imba polygon. mimhanzi yekutamba yairidzwa pamabhora nemitambo yezana ramakore rechi 16. Kubva kuNar. Rwiyo rwake uye nziyo dzekutamba dzakapindawo mumhando "dzepamusoro" dzeEurope. music.

Shanduko yekunyora homophonic yakapindura kune nyowani aesthetics. zvinodiwa zvinomuka pasi pesimba revanhu. Mazano eEurope. Music Renaissance. Iyo itsva aesthetics yakazivisa kuumbwa kwemunhu sechirevo chake. manzwiro uye zvido. Zvese muses. zvinoreva, pamwe chete nemitoo yehumwe hunyanzvi (nhetembo, theatre, kutamba) zvakadanwa kuti zvishande sekufambisa kwechokwadi kwenyika yemweya yemunhu. Melody akatanga kutorwa sechinhu chemumhanzi unokwanisa kutaura zvakasununguka uye zviri nyore kutaura hupfumi hwese hwepfungwa. nyika dzevanhu. Iyi ndiyo yakasarudzika. mutinhimira wacho unonzwisiswa zvinobudirira kana mamwe manzwi akaganhurirwa kunhamba dzekutanga dzinoperekedza. Inoenderana neiyi kuvandudzwa kweItaly bel canto. Mu opera - mimhanzi mitsva. Murudzi rwakamuka pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi16 nerechi17, kunyora kwehomophonic kwakashandiswa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvakafambiswawo nemafungiro matsva pakutaura kweshoko, iro rakazviratidzawo mune mamwe marudzi. Opera zvibodzwa zvezana ramakore rechi 17. kazhinji inomiririra chinyorwa chemukuru. manzwi emimhanzi kubva kudhijitari. bass inoreva kuperekedza chords. Nheyo yeG. yakaratidzwa zvakajeka mukuita kudzokorora:

C. Monteverdi. "Orpheus".

Basa rakakosha muchirevo G. zvakare ndechemumhanzi wetambo. zviridzwa zvakakotamiswa, kunyanya zveviolin.

G. kupararira kwakakura muEurope. mimhanzi yakaratidza kutanga kwekukurumidza kukura kwekunzwanana kwemazuva ano. chirevo chezwi iri, kuumbwa kwemasisimu matsva. mafomu. Kutonga kweG. hakugone kunzwisiswa sezvazviri - sekubviswa kwakazara kwepolyphonic. tsamba uye polyphonic mafomu. Pa 1st floor. 18th century inoverengera basa remukuru wepolyphonist munhoroondo yenyika yose - JS Bach. Asi G. ichiri kutsanangura chimiro chenhoroondo yese. nguva muEurope. Prof. mimhanzi (1600-1900).

Kukura kwaG. muzana remakore rechi17-19 zvakakamurwa kuita nguva mbiri. Yekutanga yeiyi (1600-1750) inowanzotsanangurwa se "nguva yebass general". Iyi inguva yekuumbwa kweG., zvishoma nezvishoma ichisundira parutivi polyphony mune dzinenge zvese zvakakosha. mhando dzezwi uye chiridzwa. music. Kugadzira kutanga mukuenderana ne polyphonic. marudzi nemafomu, G. zvishoma nezvishoma anowana kutonga. chinzvimbo. Early samples of G. late 16th - early. Muzana remakore rechi17 (nziyo dzinoperekedzwa ne lute, yekutanga yeItaly operas - G. Peri, G. Caccini, nezvimwewo), ine kukosha kwese kwemaitiro matsva. dhiyabhorosi achiri akaderera muunyanzvi hwavo. kukosha kwepamusoro-soro kubudirira kwevanopikisa vezana remakore rechi15-16. Asi sezvo nzira dzekunyora homophonic dzakavandudzwa uye dzakapfumiswa, sezvo mafomu matsva ehomophonic akakura, iyo gypsy zvishoma nezvishoma yakagadzirisa zvakare uye yakabata iyo hunyanzvi. hupfumi, to-rye dzakaunganidzwa neiyo yekare polyphonic. zvikoro. Zvose izvi zvakagadzirira imwe yemagumo. kuwedzera kwemimhanzi yenyika. art - kuumbwa kweViennese classic. chimiro, iyo heyday iyo inowira pakupera kwe18 - kutanga. Makore ekuma19 Akachengeta zvese zvakanakisa mukunyora kwehomophonic, maViennese classics akapfumisa maitiro ayo.

Yakagadziridzwa uye polyphonized "inoperekedza" manzwi mune symphonies uye quartets yeMozart neBeethoven mukufamba kwavo uye nedingindira. kukosha kazhinji hakuna kuderera kune contra-nguva. mitsetse yekare polyphonists. Panguva imwecheteyo, mabasa eViennese classics akakwirira kune ayo epolyphonic. nguva nekuwanda kwekuwirirana, kushanduka, chiyero uye kutendeseka kwemamuse. mafomu, masimba ebudiriro. MuMozart neBeethoven kune zvakare mienzaniso yakakwira yekubatanidzwa kwehomophonic uye polyphonic. tsamba, homophonic uye polyphonic. mafomu.

Pakutanga. Kutonga kwezana remakore rechi20 G. kwakaderedzwa. Kuvandudzwa kwekuwirirana, iyo yaiva nheyo yakasimba yemafomu ehomophonic, yakasvika pakuguma kwayo, kupfuura iyo, sezvakataurwa naSI Taneev, simba rinosunga reharmonics. ukama hwakarasikirwa nokukosha kwahwo kunovaka. Nokudaro, pamwe chete nekuenderera mberi kwekugadzirwa kwepolyphony (SS Prokofiev, M. Ravel), kufarira kune zvingaita zvepolyphony zvakanyanya kuwedzera (P. Hindemith, DD Shostakovich, A. Schoenberg, A. Webern, IF Stravinsky).

Mimhanzi yevanyori veViennese classical school yakaisa zvakanyanya kukosha kwezvinhu zvegypsum. zvakaitika panguva imwe chete nekusimuka kwemafungiro evanhu (Nguva Yekuvhenekerwa) uye pamwero mukuru ndiko kutaura kwayo. Pakutanga aesthetic. Pfungwa ye classicism, iyo yakasarudza kutungamira kwekuvandudzwa kwe geology, ipfungwa itsva yemunhu semunhu akasununguka, anoshanda, anotungamirirwa nechikonzero (pfungwa inotarisana nekudzvinyirirwa kwemunhu, hunhu hwenguva yefeudal) , uye pasi rose sechinhu chinozivikanwa, chakarongwa zvine mutsindo pahwaro hwenheyo imwe chete.

Paphos classic. aesthetics - kukunda kwechikonzero pamusoro pemasimba ekutanga, tsigiro yezvakanaka zvemunhu akasununguka, akagadziridzwa. Nokudaro mufaro wekusimbisa kwakaringana, kuwirirana kunonzwisisika nehumambo hwakajeka uye huwandu hwematanho eiyo huru uye yechipiri, yepamusoro uye yakaderera, yepakati uye pasi; tichisimbisa zvakajairwa sechiratidzo chechokwadi chezvirimo.

Iyo yakajairwa dhizaini pfungwa yerationalist aesthetics yeclassicism ndeyepakati, ichiraira kukosha kwekusimbisa iyo huru, yakakwana, yakanaka uye yakasimba kuzviisa pasi kwezvimwe zvese zvinhu zvechimiro kwairi. Aya aesthetics, seratidziro yekuda kurongeka kwezvimiro, anoshandura zvakanyanya mafomu emimhanzi, achinangisa budiriro yavo kumhando dzeMozart-Beethoven semhando yepamusoro-soro yemimhanzi yechinyakare. zvimiro. Misimboti yeaesthetics ye classicism inosarudza nzira dzakananga dzekuumbwa uye kukura kwegypsy munguva ye17th uye 18th mazana emakore. Izvi ndizvo, kutanga kwezvose, kugadzirisa kwakasimba kwezvinyorwa zvemimhanzi, kusarudzwa kwech. manzwi semutakuri weiyo huru. zvemukati zvinopesana nekuenzana kwepolyphonic. mavhoti, kumisikidza yakanakisa classic. orc. kuumbwa kwakasiyana nekusiyana kwekare uye unsystematic kuumbwa; kubatana uye kuderedza mhando dzemamuses. mafomu anopesana nerusununguko rwemhando dzemaitiro mumhanzi wenguva yapfuura; nheyo yekubatana kwe tonic, kwete inosungirwa kumimhanzi yekare. Misimboti iyi inosanganisirawo kugadzwa kwechikamu chemusoro wenyaya (Ch. Dingindira) sechinhu chinosimbisa. kutaura kwepfungwa nenzira yekutanga thesis, inopesana nekukura kwayo kwakatevera (mimhanzi yekare yakanga isingazivi rudzi urwu rwemusoro); kuratidza hutatu semhando huru panguva imwe chete. musanganiswa wemanzwi mupolyphony, kupokana nekugadziridzwa uye kusanganisa zvisina tsarukano (mimhanzi yechinyakare inobata zvakanyanya nemusanganiswa wenguva); kusimbisa basa re cadence senzvimbo yepamusoro-soro yezvivakwa zve modhi; kusimbisa iyo huru chord; kuratidza ruzha rukuru rwechord (main toni); kusimudza sikweya neyakapfava yekuvaka symmetry kusvika padanho reiyo yakakosha chimiro; kusarudzwa kwechiyero chinorema sepamusoro pemetric. hierarchies; mumunda wekuita - bel canto uye kusikwa kwezviridzwa zvine tambo dzakakwana sekuratidzira kweiyo huru. G.'s musimboti (nziyo yakavakirwa pahurongwa hwezvakakwana resonators).

Yakagadzirwa G. ine chaiyo. zvinhu muchimiro chezvikamu zvayo uye zvose. Kukamurwa kwemanzwi kuva makuru uye anoperekedza kwakabatana nemusiyano uri pakati pawo, kunyanya mutinhimira uye mutsetse. Contrasted Ch. muzwi, bass, sokunge zvakadaro, "rwiyo rwechipiri" (kutaura kwaSchoenberg), kunyangwe yekutanga uye isina kuvandudzwa. Iko kusanganiswa kwenziyo uye bass nguva dzose ine polyphony. mikana ("basic two-voice", maererano neHindemith). Kukwezva kune polyphony kunoratidzwa chero rhythmic. uye linear animation yehomophonic manzwi, uye zvakatonyanya kana counterpoints ichioneka, kuzadza caesuras yekutevedzera, etc. Polyphonization yekuperekedza inogona kutungamirira kune quasi-polyphonic. kuzadzwa kwemahomophonic mafomu. Kupindirana kwepolyphony uye girama kunogona kupfumisa ese marudzi ekunyora; saka zvakasikwa. chido chekubatanidza simba rekusununguka kusununguka melodic yega yega. mitsetse ine hupfumi hwehomophonic chords uye chokwadi che func. shanduko

SV Rakhmaninov. 2nd symphony, kufamba III.

Muganhu unoparadzanisa G. uye polyphony inofanira kuonekwa semafungiro kune chimiro: kana mimhanzi. pfungwa inonangana nezwi rimwechete - iyi ndiG. (kunyangwe nepolyphonic accompaniment, semunaAdagio weRachmaninov's 2nd symphony).

Kana mimhanzi inofunga yakagoverwa pakati pemazwi akati wandei - iyi polyphony (kunyangwe ine homophonic inoperekedza, sezvinoitika, semuenzaniso, muBach; ona muenzaniso wemimhanzi).

Kazhinji rhythmic. kusakudziridzwa kwemanzwi ehomophonic accompaniment (kusanganisira chord figuration), inopesana nerhythmic. kupfuma uye kusiyana-siyana manzwi anoimba, anobatsira pakubatana kwemanzwi anoperekedza kuita manzwi echord.

JS Bach. Misa h-moll, Kyrie (Fugue)

Iko kuderera kwekufamba kwemanzwi anofambidzana kunogadzirisa kutarisa pakubatana kwavo sezvikamu zvezwi rimwe chete - chord. Nokudaro mutsva (maererano nepolyphony) chinhu chekufamba uye kubudirira muhutano - kuchinja kwechord complexes. Iyo yakapfava, uye naizvozvo yakanyanyisa yakasikwa. nzira yekushandisa shanduko dzakadaro dzenzwi kuchinjika kwakafanana, iyo panguva imwechete inobvumira kukwirisa nguva dzose (kumhanyisa) uye kuderera zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemuses. development. Nekuda kweizvozvo, prerequisites inogadzirwa kune yakakosha mhando yerhythmic. musiyano - pakati pemurinhi wemuridzo uye kupindirana kwakayerwa. accompaniment shifts (iyo yekupedzisira inogona kuenderana nerhythmically nekufamba kwehomophonic bass kana kurongeka navo). Aesthetic kukosha kwe "resonant" overtone kuwirirana kunoratidzwa zvizere mumamiriro emutinhimira. nguva dzose inoperekedzwa. Kubvumira manzwi ekuperekedza kuti asanganiswe mune anogara achichinja chords, G. nokudaro inobvumira zviri nyore kukurumidza kukura kwehumwe. (chaizvoizvo harmonic) nguva dzose. Chido chekuvandudza kana kushandura manzwi sechiratidzo chekubudirira kweharmonics. kusimudzira uye panguva imwe chete pakuchengetedza kurira kwakafanana nekuda kwekuchengetedza kubatana kwayo kunogadzira zvinangwa zvekushandiswa kwehukama hwechina-chishanu pakati pemakodhi anonyatso kugutsa zvese zvinodiwa. Kunyanya kukosha esthetic. chiito chinowanikwa nechepasi screw move (yechokwadi binomial D - T). Kubva pakutanga (ichiri mukudzika kwemhando dzepolyphonic dzenguva yapfuura yezana ramakore rechi 15-16) sechimiro chechimiro chechimiro, shanduko D - T inosvika kune imwe nzvimbo yekuvakwa, nekudaro ichishandura hurongwa hwemamodhi ekare kuita classical imwe. maviri-scale system yezvikuru nezvidiki.

Shanduko dzakakosha dziri kuitikawo mumutinhimira. Muna G., mutinhimira unokwira pamusoro pemanzwi anotevera uye unoisa mauri iwo chaiwo akakosha, ega, ch. chikamu chenyaya. Kuchinja kwebasa re monophonic melody maererano nezvose zvinosanganiswa nemukati. kurongekazve kwezvinhu zvayo zvinoumba. Izwi rimwechete polyphonic dingindira ndere, kunyangwe thesis, asi kutaura kwakazara kwekufunga. Kuzivisa uyu mufungo, kutora rutivi kwemamwe manzwi hakudiwi, hapana kuperekedzwa kunodiwa. Zvese zvaunoda kuti uzviriritire. kuvapo kwema polyphonic themes, iri pachayo - metrorhythm., tonal harmonic. uye syntax. zvimiro, kudhirowa kwemutsara, melodic. cadence Kune rumwe rutivi, polyphonic. rwiyo rwakaitirwawo kushandiswa serimwe remazwi epolyphonic. maviri, matatu uye mana manzwi. Imwe kana anopfuura emahara emahara anopikisa anogona kusungirirwa pairi. mitsetse, imwe polyphonic. dingindira kana mutinhimira mumwechetewo unopinda kare kana kuti gare gare pane wapiwa kana neshanduko dzakati. Panguva imwecheteyo, mimhanzi yepolyphonic inobatana pamwe chete seyakakosha, yakagadziridzwa uye yakavharwa zvimiro.

Mukusiyana, rwiyo rwehomophonic runoumba kubatana kwehupenyu nekuperekedza. Iyo juiciness uye yakasarudzika mhando yekuzara kwekurira kwehomophonic melody inopiwa nerukova rwehomophonic bass overtones ichikwira kwairi kubva pasi; rwiyo runoita seuri kubudirira pasi pesimba re "radiation". harmonic accompaniment chord mabasa anokanganisa zvinoreva semantic yematoni emimhanzi, uye kuratidza. Mhedzisiro inofungidzirwa kune rwiyo rwehomophonic, in def. degree zvinoenderana nekuperekedza. Iyo yekupedzisira haisi yemhando yakakosha yekupikisa kune rwiyo, asiwo organic. chikamu chakakosha chehomophonic theme. Zvisinei, pesvedzero yokutsinhirana kwechordal inoratidzwawo nedzimwe nzira. Manzwiro ari mupfungwa dzemunyori wehomophonic-harmonic itsva. iyo modhi ine chordal extensions inotangira kugadzirwa kwechinangwa chaicho. Naizvozvo, rwiyo rwunogadzirwa panguva imwe chete nekusaziva (kana nekuziva) kwakaunzwa kuwiriraniswa. Izvi zvinoshanda kwete chete kune homophonic melodics chaiyo (Papageno yekutanga aria kubva kuMozart's The Magic Flute), asi kunyangwe kune polyphonic. nziyo dzaBach, akashanda munguva yekusimuka kwekunyora kwehomophonic; kuwirirana kujeka. mabasa anosiyanisa polyphonic. Bach rwiyo kubva papolyphonic. nziyo, semuenzaniso, Palestrina. Naizvozvo, kuwiriraniswa kwenziyo yehomophonic, sekunge, yakamisikidzwa mukati mayo, kuwirirana kweanoperekedza kunoburitsa uye kunozadzisa izvo zvinoshanda zvinowirirana. zvinhu zviri mumutinhimira. Mupfungwa iyi, kuwirirana i“hurongwa hwakaoma hwemamelos resonators”; "Homophony haisi chinhu asi rwiyo rune ratidziro inopindirana uye hwaro, rwiyo rune bass rinotsigira uye rakazarurwa overtones" (Asafiev).

G budiriro. muEurope mimhanzi yakatungamirira kukuumbwa uye kubudirira kwenyika itsva yemamusi. mafomu, anomiririra imwe yepamusoro-soro muses. kubudirira kwebudiriro yedu. Yakafuridzirwa nepamusoro aesthetics. pfungwa dze classicism, homophonic mimhanzi. mafomu akabatana pachawo achashamisa. kuwirirana, chiyero uye kuzara kwese nekupfuma uye zvakasiyana-siyana zveruzivo, kubatana kwepamusoro-soro nematauriro uye masimba ebudiriro, kureruka kwakanyanya uye kujeka kwemusimboti mukuru kubva kune zvinoshamisa. kuchinjika kwekuita kwayo, kuenzana kwakakosha nehupamhi hukuru hwekushandisa mune zvakasiyana siyana. genres, hukuru hwezvakajairwa nehunhu hwemunhu. Iyo dialectic yebudiriro, iyo inoreva shanduko kubva pakuratidzwa kweiyo thesis yekutanga (dingindira) kuburikidza nekuramba kwayo kana antithesis (budiriro) kuenda kumvumo yeCh. pfungwa paunhu hutsva. nhanho, inopinda mumhando dzakawanda dzemahomophonic, ichizviratidza kunyanya zvizere mune zvakanyanyogadziriswa kwavari - fomu ye sonata. Chimiro chechimiro chehomophonic theme ndiko kuomarara uye kuwanda-kuumbwa kwechimiro chayo (dingindira rehomophonic rinogona kunyorwa kwete senguva chete, asiwo mune yakawedzera nyore- kana matatu-chikamu fomu). Izvi zvinoratidzwawo mukuti mukati medingindira remahomofoniki mune chikamu chakadaro (vavariro, boka rinokurudzira) rinoita basa rimwechete maererano nedingindira sezvo dingindira pacharo rinoita maererano nechimiro chakazara. Pakati pe polyphonic. uye madingindira ehomophonic hapana fananidzo yakananga, asi pane imwe pakati pechinangwa kana chikuru. vavariro boka (rinogona kuva mutsara wekutanga wenhambo kana chikamu chemutsara) mudingindira rehomophonic uye polyphonic. musoro wenyaya. Kufanana kuri mukuti zvese zviri zviviri homophonic motive group uye iyo inowanzo pfupi polyphonic. musoro unomiririra chirevo chekutanga cheaxis. chinangwa chisati chadzokororwa (polyphonic counterposition; senge homophonic accompaniment, inhanho diki. motivation material). Misiyano yakakosha pakati pepolyphony naG. tsanangura nzira mbiri dzekuwedzera kukurudzirwa kwechinyorwa: 1) kudzokororwa kwedingindira guru. nucleus inotamiswa zvine hurongwa kune mamwe manzwi, uye mune iyi nhanho diki inooneka. thematic. zvinhu (polyphonic musimboti); 2) kudzokorora kweiyo huru. thematic. nuclei inoitwa nezwi rimwechete (somugumisiro weiyo inova iyo huru), uye mune vamwe. mazwi anonzwika wechipiri. thematic. zvinhu (homophonic musimboti). "Kutevedzera" (se "kutevedzera", kudzokorora) kuripowo pano, asi zvinoita sezviri kuitika nezwi rimwe uye zvinotora zvakasiyana-siyana: hazvifananidzi kune homophony kuchengetedza melodic inviolability. mitsetse yemotifi yakazara. Panzvimbo ye "tonal" kana mutsara "chaiyo" mhinduro, "harmonic" inooneka. mhinduro», kureva kudzokorora kwechinangwa (kana chinangwa cheboka) pane kumwe kuwirirana, zvichienderana neharmonic. kukura kwechimiro chehomophonic. Chinhu chinovimbisa kuzivikanwa kwechinangwa panguva yekudzokorora kazhinji hakusi kudzokororwa kwenziyo dzenziyo. mitsara (inogona kukanganiswa), uye zvinyorwa zvakazara zvine melodic. kudhirowa uye metrorhythm. kudzokorora. Mune yakagadziridzwa homophonic fomu, kukurudzira kwekusimudzira kunogona kushandisa chero (kusanganisira yakanyanya kuomarara) mafomu ekudzokorora kwechinangwa (kudzosera kumashure, kuwedzera, rhythmic variation).

Nehupfumi, kukakavara uye kuisa pfungwa pazviri. kuvandudzwa kweG yakadaro kunogona kudarika polyphonic yakaoma. mafomu. Nekudaro, haina kushanduka kuita polyphony, nekuti inochengeta iwo makuru maficha eG.

L. Beethoven. 3rd concerto yepiyano uye orchestra, kufamba I.

Chokutanga pane zvose, ndiko kuisa pfungwa much. izwi, rudzi rwekukurudzira kusimudzira (kudzokorora kwakaringana kubva pakuona kweiyo chord, asi kwete kubva pakuona kwekudhirowa kwemutsara), chimiro chakajairika mumhanzi wehomophonic (iyo 16-bar theme inguva yekusa- kudzokororwa kuvaka).

References: Asafiev B., Mumhanzi fomu senzira, zvikamu 1-2, M., 1930-47, L., 1963; Mazel L., Nheyo yekutanga yeiyo melodic chimiro chehomophonic theme, M., 1940 (dissertation, mukuru weraibhurari yeMoscow Conservatory); Helmholtz H. von, Die Lehre von der Tonempfindungen…, Braunschweig, 1863, Rus. trans., St. Petersburg, 1875; Riemann H., Grosse Kompositionslehre, Bd 1, B.-Stuttg., 1902; Kurth E., Grundlagen des linearen Kontrapunkts, Bern, 1917, Rus. per., M., 1931.

Yu. N. Kholopov