Montserrat Cabalé |

Montserrat Caballe

Montserrat Caballe anonyatso kunzi nhasi akakodzera mugari wenhaka wevatambi vane mukurumbira vekare - Giuditta Pasta, Giulia naGiuditta Grisi, Maria Malibran.

S. Nikolaevich naM. Kotelnikova vanotsanangura chiso chekugadzira chemuimbi sezvinotevera:

"Maitiro ake musanganiswa wehukama hwepedyo hwechiito chaicho chekuimba uye zvishuwo zvepamusoro, kupemberera kwemanzwiro akasimba uye asi akanyorova uye akachena. Maitiro aCaballe ndeezvekunakidzwa uye kusava nechivi kunakidzwa kwehupenyu, mimhanzi, kutaurirana nevanhu uye zvisikwa. Izvi hazvirevi kuti hapana zvinyorwa zvinosuruvarisa murejista yake. Vangani vaaifanira kufira pachikuva: Violetta, Madame Butterfly, Mimi, Tosca, Salome, Adrienne Lecouvrere ... Magamba ake akafa nebanga uye nekudyiwa, nemuchetura kana bara, asi mumwe nemumwe wavo akapihwa kuti azvizive. nguva apo mweya unofara, uzere nekubwinya kwekusimuka kwayo kwekupedzisira, mushure mezvo pasina kuwa, hapana kutengesa kwePinkerton, hapana chepfu yePrincess of Bouillon inotyisa zvakare. Chero zvingaimbwa naCaballe, chipikirwa cheparadhiso chatova muzwi rake chairo. Uye kune ava vasikana vakashata vaakatamba, achivapa mubairo wehumambo nemhando dzake dzeumbozha, kunyemwerera kunopenya uye kubwinya kwepasi, uye nekwedu, tichimuteerera nerudo murima-murima rehoro nekufema. Paradhiso yava pedyo. Zvinoita sekunge dombo rekukanda kure, asi haugone kuzviona nepamabinoculars.

Caballe muKaturike wechokwadi, uye kutenda muna Mwari ndihwo hwaro hwokuimba kwake. Kutenda uku kunomubvumira kufuratira zvishuvo zvekurwa kwemitambo, kuseri kwezviitiko zvekukwikwidza.

“Ndinotenda muna Mwari. Mwari ndiye musiki wedu, anodaro Caballe. “Uye hazvina basa kuti ndiani anotaura chitendero chipi, kana kuti zvimwe hapana chaanombotaura. Zvakakosha kuti Ave pano (achinongedzera kuchipfuva chake). Mumweya mako. Hupenyu hwangu hwose ndinotakura izvo zvakaratidzwa nenyasha Dzake - bazi duku remuorivhi kubva muBindu reGetsemane. Uye pamwe chete nemufananidzo mudiki waAmai vaMwari - Mhandara Yakaropafadzwa Maria. Vanogara vaineni. Ndakavatora pandakaroorwa, pandakazvara vana, pandakaenda kuchipatara kunovhiyiwa. Nguva dzose."

Maria de Montserrat Viviana Concepción Cabalé y Folk akaberekwa musi waApril 12, 1933 muBarcelona. Pano akadzidza nemuimbi wekuHungary E. Kemeny. Izwi rake rakakwezva kutariswa kunyangwe kuBarcelona Conservatory, iyo Montserrat akapedza kudzidza aine menduru yegoridhe. Zvisinei, izvi zvakateverwa nemakore ekushanda muzvikwata zviduku zveSwitzerland neWest Germany.

Caballe's debut yakaitika muna 1956 pachikuva cheOpera House muBasel, kwaakaita saMimi muG. Puccini's La bohème. Dzimba dzeOpera dzeBasel neBremen dzakava nzvimbo huru dze opera dzemuimbi kwemakore gumi anotevera. Ikoko akaita zvikamu zvakawanda “mumaopera enguva dzakasiyana-siyana uye zvitayera. Caballe akaimba chikamu chaPamina muMozart's The Magic Flute, Marina muMussorgsky's Boris Godunov, Tatiana muTchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, Ariadne muAriadne auf Naxos. Akaita nechikamu chaSalome mu opera yezita rimwechete naR. Strauss, akaita basa rezita reTosca muG. Puccini's Tosca.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, Caballe anotanga kuita pamatanho edzimba dzeOpera muEurope. Muna 1958 akaimba paVienna State Opera, muna 1960 akatanga kuonekwa pachikuva cheLa Scala.

“Uye panguva iyoyo,” anodaro Caballe, “munun’una wangu, uyo akazova impresario yangu, haana kundibvumira kuzorora. Panguva iyoyo, ndakanga ndisingafungi nezvemukurumbira, asi kupfuura zvose ndaivavarira kuita zvinhu zvechokwadi, zvinopedza zvose. Rumwe rudzi rwefunganyo rwakanga rwuchirova mandiri nguva dzose, uye nokusashivirira ndakadzidza mamwe mabasa matsva.

Kuti muimbi akaunganidzwa uye ane chinangwa sei pachikuva, haana kurongeka sei muhupenyu - akatokwanisa kunonoka kumuchato wake.

S. Nikolaevich naM. Kotelnikova vanotaura nezveizvi:

"Makanga muri muna 1964. Muchato wekutanga (uye chete!) muhupenyu hwake - naBernabe Marta - waifanira kuitika muchechi pamusha wemamongi paGomo reMontserrat. Kune gomo rakadaro muCatalonia, kusiri kure neBarcelona. Zvaiita kuna amai vemwenga, akasimba Donna Anna, kuti zvaizova zverudo zvakanyanya: mhemberero yakafukidzwa nerutsigiro rweReverend Montserrat pachake. Chikomba chakabvuma, muroora futi. Kunyange zvazvo munhu wose akazvifunga kuti: “Nyamavhuvhu. Kupisa kwacho ko tichakwira seiko nevaenzi vedu vese? Uye hama dzaBernabe, kutaura chokwadi, hadzisi dzechidiki, nekuti aive gotwe mumhuri yaive nevana gumi. Zvakanaka, kazhinji, hapana kwekuenda: pagomo saka pagomo. Uye pazuva remuchato, Montserrat anosiya naamai vake muVolkswagen yekare, yaakatenga nemari yekutanga, kunyange paakaimba muGermany. Uye zvinofanirwa kuitika kuti muna Nyamavhuvhu kunonaya muBarcelona. Zvose zvinodurura uye zvinodurura. Takazosvika mugomo mugwagwa wakanga waoma. Mota yakamira. Hapana pano kana uko. Motokari yakamiswa. Montserrat akaedza kuomesa ne hairspray. Vainge vasara nemakiromita gumi nemaviri. Vese vaenzi vatokwira kumusoro. Uye vari kubhururuka pano, uye hapana mukana wekukwira. Uye ipapo Montserrat, mune chipfeko chemuchato uye chifukidziro, akanyorova, kanenge aisvina kunze, anomira munzira otanga kuvhota.

Nokuda kwepfuti yakadaro, chero paparazzi yaizopa hafu yehupenyu hwake. Asi hapana aimuziva. Motokari dzaitakura vanhu dzakangotyaira dzichipfuura nemusikana muhombe ane vhudzi dema akapfeka rokwe jena risinganzwisisike, achiratidza kupenga ari munzira. Sezvineiwo, rori yemombe yakanga yarohwa yakasvika. Montserrat naAnna vakakwira pairi ndokumhanyira kuchechi, uko murombo nevaenzi vakanga vasingachazivi zvokufunga. Akabva anonoka neawa imwe chete.”

Mugore rimwe chetero, muna Kubvumbi 20, awa yakanakisa yaCaballe yakauya - sezvinowanzoitika, mhedzisiro yekutsiva kwaisatarisirwa. MuNew York, paCarnegie Hall, muimbi asingazivikanwe akaimba rwiyo runobva kuDonizetti Lucrezia Borgia panzvimbo pemukurumbira anorwara Marilyn Horne. Mukupindura kune aria yemaminetsi mapfumbamwe - maminetsi makumi maviri ...

Mangwanani akatevera, The New York Times yakabuda nemusoro unobata peji rekutanga: Callas + Tebaldi + Caballe. Hapana nguva yakawanda ichapfuura, uye hupenyu huchasimbisa iyi fomula: muimbi weSpanish achaimba ese makuru divas ezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.

Kubudirira kunobvumira muimbi kuwana kondirakiti, uye anova soloist neMetropolitan Opera. Kubva panguva iyoyo, mabhaisikopo akanakisa pasirese anga achiyedza kuti Caballe atore padanho ravo.

Vanamazvikokota vanotenda kuti repertoire yaCaballe ndeimwe yeakatambarara pakati pevaimbi vese vesoprano. Anoimba Italian, Spanish, German, French, Czech uye Russian mumhanzi. Ane 125 opera zvikamu, akati wandei mapurogiramu ekonzati uye anopfuura zana madhisiki kuchikwereti chake.

Kune muimbi, sevanyori vakawanda, La Scala theatre yaiva rudzi rwenyika yechipikirwa. Muna 1970, akaita padanho rayo rimwe remabasa ake akanakisisa - Norma mu opera yezita rimwechete naV. Bellini.

Yakanga iri nebasa iri sechikamu chemitambo iyo Caballe yakasvika muna 1974 parwendo rwake rwekutanga kuMoscow. Kubva ipapo, akashanyira guta redu kanopfuura kamwe. Muna 2002, akaita nemuimbi wechidiki wekuRussia N. Baskov. Uye kekutanga akashanyira USSR kumashure muna 1959, apo nzira yake kuenda pachikuva yakanga ichangotanga. Ipapo, pamwe chete naamai vake, akaedza kutsvaga babamunini vake, avo vakatamira pano, sevakawanda vehama dzake, mushure meSpain Civil War, vachitiza udzvinyiriri hwaFranco.

Kana Caballe achiimba, zvinoita sekunge anyungudika mukunzwika. Panguva imwe cheteyo, anogara achibudisa mutinhimira wacho norudo, achiedza kunyatsoganhura ndima kubva pane imwe. Izwi raCaballe rinonzwika chaizvo mumarejista ese.

Muimbi ane hunyanzvi hwakasarudzika, uye chifananidzo chega chega chaanogadzira chinopedzwa uye chinoitwa kune diki diki. Iye "anoratidza" basa riri kuitwa nemaitiro akakwana emaoko.

Caballe akaita kuti chitarisiko chake chive chinhu chekunamatwa kwete kune vateereri chete, asiwo iye pachake. Haana kumbonetseka pamusoro pehuremu hwake hukuru, nokuti anotenda kuti kune basa rakabudirira remuimbi we opera, "zvakakosha kuchengeta diaphragm, uye nokuda kweizvi unoda mavhoriyamu. Mumuviri mutete, hapana kwese kwekuisa zvese izvi. ”

Caballe anoda kushambira, kufamba, kutyaira mota zvakanaka kwazvo. Haarambe kudya zvinonaka. Pane imwe nguva muimbi aida mapee aamai vake, uye zvino, kana nguva ichibvumira, anobikira mhuri yake mapee estrawberry. Kunze kwemurume wake, ane vana vaviri zvakare.

“Ndinofarira kudya kwemangwanani nemhuri yose. Hazvina basa kuti munhu anomuka riini: Bernabe anogona kumuka kumanomwe, ini kumasere, Monsita nagumi. Ticharamba tichidya breakfast tose. Uyu ndiwo mutemo. Ipapo munhu wese anoenderera mberi nebasa rake. Kudya kwemanheru? Hongu, dzimwe nguva ndinoibika. Sezvinobvumwa, handisi mubiki ane unyanzvi. Kana iwe pachako usingakwanise kudya zvinhu zvakawanda kudaro, hazvitombokodzeri kumira pachitofu zvachose. Uye manheru ndinopindura tsamba dzinouya kwandiri dziri mumapoka kubva kwese kwese, kubva pasi rose. Muzukuru wangu Isabelle anondibatsira nazvo. Ehe, mazhinji etsamba anoramba ari muhofisi, umo anogadziriswa uye anopindurwa nesaini yangu. Asi pane tsamba dzandinofanira kupindura chete. Sezvo mutemo, zvinotora maawa maviri kusvika matatu pazuva. Kwete zvishoma. Dzimwe nguva Monsita yakabatana. Zvakanaka, kana ndisingafaniri kuita chero chinhu mumba (zvinoitika!), Ndinodhirowa. Basa iri ndinorida zvakanyanya, handikwanise kuritsanangura nemashoko. Hongu, ndinoziva kuti ndiri kuita zvisizvo, zvisina musoro, nekupusa. Asi zvinondinyaradza, zvinondipa rugare rwakadai. Ruvara rwangu rwandinofarira igirini. Kunenge kusiririsa. Zvinoitika, ndinogara, ndinopenda mufananidzo unotevera, zvakanaka, semuenzaniso, nzvimbo, uye ndinofunga kuti zvakakosha kuwedzera imwe greenery pano. Uye pano zvakare. Uye mhedzisiro ndeimwe yemhando isingaperi "yakasvibira nguva yeCaballe". Rimwe zuva, nokuda kwegore remuchato wedu, ndakasarudza kupa murume wangu mufananidzo - "Dawn in the Pyrenees". Mangwanani ega ega ndaimuka naXNUMX mangwanani ndoenda nemota kumakomo kunobuda zuva. Uye iwe unoziva, yakave yakanaka kwazvo - zvese zviri pink, ruvara rwesaumoni nyoro. Ndagutsikana, ndakapa murume wangu chipo changu. Uye unofunga akati chii? “Horaiti! Iyi ndiyo pendi yako yekutanga isiri yegirinhi."

Asi chinhu chikuru muupenyu hwake ibasa. Natalya Troitskaya, mumwe wevaimbi veRussia vanozivikanwa zvikuru, anozviti "mwarikadzi" waCaballe, akati: pakutanga kwebasa rake rokusika, Caballe akamuisa mumotokari, akaenda naye kuchitoro ndokutenga jasi remvere. Panguva imwecheteyo, akataura kuti kwete izwi chete rinokosha kune muimbi, asiwo maitiro aanoita. Kuzivikanwa kwake nevateereri uye mubhadharo wake zvinoenderana neizvi.

Muna June 1996, pamwe chete nemudiwa wake wenguva refu M. Burgeras, muimbi wacho akagadzira purogiramu yekamuri yezvinyoro zvinyoro zvinonzwika: canzones naVivaldi, Paisiello, Scarlatti, Stradella uye, zvechokwadi, anoshanda naRossini. Semazuva ese, Caballe akaitawo zarzuella, inodiwa nevaSpanish vese.

Mumba make, sechiyeuchidzo chenzvimbo diki, Caballe aiita misangano yeKisimusi yetsika. Ikoko anozviimba uye anomiririra vaimbi vari pasi pake. Anopota achitamba nemurume wake, tenor Barnaba Marty.

Muimbi anogara achitora zvese zvinoitika munharaunda pamoyo uye anoedza kubatsira muvakidzani wake. Saka, muna 1996, pamwe chete nemuimbi wechiFrench uye mutambi wengoma Marc Serone Caballe, akapa konzati yerudo mukutsigira Dalai Lama.

Aive Caballe akaronga konzati huru yevanorwara Carreras pachivara muBarcelona: "Mapepanhau ese akatoodha nzvimbo dzekufa panguva ino. Bastards! Uye ndakasarudza - Jose aikodzera kuva nezororo. Anofanira kudzokera pachikuva. Mimhanzi ichamuponesa. Uye munoona, ndanga ndiri chokwadi. "

Hasha dzaCaballe dzinogona kutyisa. Kwehupenyu hurefu munhandare, akanyatsodzidza mitemo yayo: haugoni kuva asina simba, haugoni kuzviisa kune kuda kweumwe munhu, haugoni kukanganwira unprofessionalism.

Mugadziri Vyacheslav Teterin anoti: “Ane hasha dzisingadaviriki. Hasha dzinopfachukira pakarepo, semabota anoputika. Panguva imwecheteyo, anopinda mubasa, anotora maitiro ekutyisidzira, maziso ake anopenya. Yakapoteredzwa negwenga rinopisa. Munhu wese akapwanyika. Havadi kutaura shoko. Uyezve, kutsamwa uku kunogona kunge kusina kukwana zvachose kune chiitiko. Anobva akurumidza kuenda. Uye zvichida kunyange kukumbira ruregerero kana akaona kuti munhu wacho akanga achitya zvikuru.

Sezvineiwo, kusiyana nema prima donnas mazhinji, muSpaniard ane hunhu huri nyore. Ane hukama uye ane pfungwa yekuseka.

Elena Obraztsova anoyeuka:

"MuBarcelona, ​​​​paLiceu Theatre, ndakatanga kuteerera opera yaAlfredo Catalani Valli. Mumhanzi uyu ndaisauziva zvachose, asi wakandibata kubva kumabhawa ekutanga, uye mushure meCaballe's aria - akairidza papiyano yake inoshamisa - akapotsa apenga. Munguva yekuzorora, ndakamhanyira kuimba yake yekupfeka, ndakawira pamabvi angu, ndakabvisa mink cape yangu (zvino yakanga iri chinhu changu chinodhura zvikuru). Montserrat akaseka: "Elina, zvisiye, makushe aya anondikwanira ngowani chete." Uye zuva rakatevera ndakaimba Carmen naPlacido Domingo. Munguva yekuzorora, ndinotarisa - Montserrat anoshambira muimba yangu yehunyanzvi. Uye anowirawo pamabvi ake, samwari wekare wechiGiriki, uye ipapo anonditarisa achinyengedza ndokuti: "Zvakanaka, zvino unofanira kudana crane kuti indisimudze."

Chimwe chezvinhu zvisingatarisirwi zvakawanikwa mumwaka we1997/98 weEuropean opera kwaive kuita kwaMontserrat Caballe nemwanasikana waMontserrat Marti. Mhuri duet yakaita chirongwa chezwi "Manzwi maviri, Mwoyo Mumwe".