Ljuba Welitsch |

Ljuba Welitsch

"Ini handisi muGerman peysan, asi sexy Bulgarian," soprano Lyuba Velich akambotaura achitamba, achipindura mubvunzo kuti sei asina kumboimba Wagner. Mhinduro iyi haisi iyo narcissism yemuimbi ane mukurumbira. Iyo inonyatso ratidza kwete chete pfungwa yake yekuzvifunga, asiwo maitiro aakaonekwa neveruzhinji muEurope neAmerica - seye mwarikadzi ane mutsa wekunzwa paOlympus inoshanda. Hunhu hwake, kutaura kwake kwakasununguka, simba rekupenga, rudzi rwe quintessence yemimhanzi uye inoshamisa eroticism, iyo yaakapa kune muoni-muteereri zvizere, yakasiya ndangariro yake sechiitiko chakasiyana munyika ye opera.

Lyuba Velichkova akaberekwa munaChikunguru 10, 1913 mudunhu reBulgaria, mumusha mudiki weSlavyanovo, usiri kure nechiteshi chikuru chenyika cheVarna - mushure meHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, dhorobha rakatumidzwa zita rekuti Borisovo mukuremekedza iyo panguva iyoyo Bulgarian. Tsar Boris III, saka zita iri rinoratidzwa mumabhuku mazhinji senzvimbo yekuzvarwa kwemuimbi. Vabereki vaLyuba - Angel naRada - vakabva kunharaunda yePirin (kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika), vaiva nemidzi yeMacedonia.

Muimbi weramangwana akatanga dzidzo yake yemimhanzi achiri mwana, achidzidza kuridza violin. Nekusimbirira kwevabereki vake, avo vaida kupa mwanasikana wake unyanzvi "hwakakomba", akadzidza uzivi paYunivhesiti yeSofia, uye panguva imwechete akaimba mukwaya yeAlexander Nevsky Cathedral muguta guru. Zvisinei, chido chemimhanzi uye unyanzvi hwekugadzira zvakatungamirira muimbi wemangwana kuSofia Conservatory, kwaakadzidza mukirasi yePurofesa Georgy Zlatev. Paaidzidza pakuchengetedza, Velichkova akaimba mukwaya yeSofia Opera, kutanga kwake kwakaitika pano: muna 1934 akaimba chikamu chiduku chemutengesi weshiri mu "Louise" naG. Charpentier; basa rechipiri rakanga riri Tsarevich Fedor muMussorgsky's Boris Godunov, uye muenzi ane mukurumbira wevaenzi, mukuru Chaliapin, akaita basa remusoro manheru iwayo.

Gare gare, Lyuba Velichkova akavandudza unyanzvi hwake hwekutaura paVienna Academy yeMimhanzi. Munguva yezvidzidzo zvake muVienna, Velichkova akaiswa kuAustro-German mimhanzi tsika uye kuenderera mberi kwake semuimbi we opera kwainyanya kubatanidzwa nemitambo yeGermany. Panguva imwecheteyo, "anopfupisa" zita rake rechiSlavic, zvichiita kuti riwedzere kujaira kune nzeve yeGermany: iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Velich inoratidzika kubva kuVelichkova - zita rakazove rakakurumbira kumativi ose eAtlantic. Muna 1936, Luba Velich akasaina kondirakiti yake yekutanga yeAustria uye kusvika 1940 akaimba muGraz kunyanya muItaly repertoire (pakati pemabasa emakore iwayo - Desdemona muOtello yaG. Verdi, mabasa mumitambo yaG. Puccini - Mimi muLa Boheme ", Cio-Cio-san muMadama Butterfly, Manon muManon Lesko, nezvimwewo).

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, Velich akaimba muGermany, achiva mumwe wevaimbi vakakurumbira veTatu Reich: muna 1940-1943. akanga ari muimbi ega paimba yeopera yekare yeGermany muHamburg, muna 1943-1945. - soloist weBavarian Opera muMunich, uyezve, anowanzoita pane mamwe matanho eGerman anotungamira, pakati pawo anonyanya Saxon Semperoper muDresden uye State Opera muBerlin. Basa rakanakisa muGermany yeNazi gare gare harina chazvinoita pakubudirira kwenyika dzese kwaVelich: kusiyana nevaimbi vazhinji veGerman kana vekuEurope vakabudirira munguva yaHitler (somuenzaniso, R. Strauss, G. Karajan, V. Furtwängler, K. Flagstad, nezvimwewo). muimbi wacho akapukunyuka nemufaro denazification.

Panguva imwecheteyo, haana kuputsa neVienna, iyo, semugumisiro weAnschluss, kunyange zvazvo yakaguma kuva guta guru, haina kurasikirwa nekukosha kwayo senzvimbo yemimhanzi yenyika: muna 1942, Lyuba akaimba kekutanga. muVienna Volksoper chikamu chaSalome mune opera yezita rimwechete naR. Strauss iro rava chiratidzo chake. Mune basa rimwe chete, achaita kutanga kwake muna 1944 kuVienna State Opera pakupemberera kwe80th anniversary yaR. Strauss, uyo akafara nekududzira kwake. Kubva 1946, Lyuba Velich anga ari soloist wenguva yakazara weVienna Opera, kwaakaita basa rinotyisa, izvo zvakaita kuti apihwe zita rekuremekedza re "Kammersengerin" muna 1962.

Muna 1947, aine iyi theatre, akatanga kuoneka pachikuva cheLondon's Covent Garden, zvakare mune yake siginicha chikamu cheSalome. Kubudirira kwaive kukuru, uye muimbi anogamuchira kondirakiti yake mune yekare Chirungu theatre, kwaanogara achiimba kusvika 1952 zvikamu zvakaita saDonna Anna muDon Giovanni naWA Mozart, Musetta muLa Boheme naG. Puccini, Lisa muSpades. Mukadzi "naPI Tchaikovsky, Aida mu "Aida" naG. Verdi, Tosca mu "Tosca" naG. Puccini, etc. Kunyanya mukuona kwekuita kwake mumwaka we1949/50. "Salome" yakaitwa, ichibatanidza tarenda remuimbi negwara rakajeka raPeter Brook uye yakanyanyisa dhizaini yaSalvador Dali.

Mhedzisiro yebasa raLuba Velich yaive mwaka mitatu kuNew York Metropolitan Opera, kwaakaita debut yake muna 1949 zvakare saSalome (kuita uku, kwakaitwa na conductor Fritz Reiner, kwakanyorwa uye kunoramba kuri dudziro yakanakisa yeStrauss opera nanhasi. ) Padanho reNew York theatre, Velich akaimba rwiyo rwake rukuru - kuwedzera kuna Salome, uyu ndiAida, Tosca, Donna Anna, Musetta. Mukuwedzera kune Vienna, London neNew York, muimbi akaonekwawo kune mamwe matanho enyika, pakati pawo ainyanya kukosha aiva Salzburg Festival, apo muna 1946 na1950 akaimba chikamu chaDonna Anna, pamwe chete neGlyndebourne neEdinburgh Festivals. , umo muna 1949 Pakukoka kwaimpresario ane mukurumbira Rudolf Bing, akaimba chikamu chaAmelia muG. Verdi's Masquerade Ball.

Basa rakajeka remuimbi wacho rakanga rakajeka, asi kwenguva pfupi, kunyange zvazvo rakaguma zviri pamutemo muna 1981. Pakati pemakore ekuma1950. akatanga kuva nedambudziko nezwi rake izvo zvaida kuvhiyiwa tsinga dzake. Chikonzero cheizvi chinogona kunge chiri mukuti pakutanga kwebasa rake muimbi akasiya basa renziyo, iro rainyanya kuenderana nechimiro chezwi rake, achifarira mamwe mabasa anoshamisa. Mushure me1955, aisamboita (muVienna kusvika 1964), kunyanya mumapato madiki: basa rake guru rekupedzisira raive Yaroslavna muPrince Igor naAP Borodin. Muna 1972, Velich akadzokera padanho reMetropolitan Opera: pamwe naJ. Sutherland naL. Pavarotti, akaita muopera yaG. Donizetti The Daughter of the Regiment. Uye kunyange zvazvo basa rake (Duchess von Krakenthorpe) rakanga diki uye richikurukurirana, vateereri vakagamuchira noushamwari mukuru weBulgarian.

Izwi raLyuba Velich raive chinhu chinoshamisa kwazvo munhoroondo yemazwi. Asina runako runokosha uye hupfumi hwezwi, iye panguva imwechete aive nehunhu hwaisiyanisa muimbi kubva kune mamwe ma prima donnas. Rumbidzo soprano Velich inoratidzirwa nekuchena kusingacheneke kwekutaura, chiridzwa chekurira, nyowani, "girlish" timbre (izvo zvakamuita kuti ave akakosha muzvikamu zvemagamba madiki akadai saSalome, Butterfly, Musetta, nezvimwewo) uye kubhururuka kunoshamisa, kunyangwe inzwi rinoboora, izvo zvaibvumira muimbi kuti "adimbure" nyore nyore chero ipi zvayo, orchestra ine simba zvikuru. Unhu hwose uhwu, maererano nevakawanda, hwakaita kuti Velich ave mutambi akakodzera weWagner repertoire, iyo muimbi, zvisinei, akaramba asina hanya zvachose mubasa rake rose, achifunga nezvemutambo weWagner's operas usingagamuchirwi uye usingafadzi nokuda kwekutsamwa kwake kunopisa.

Munhoroondo ye opera, Velich akaramba ari mutambi ane hunyanzvi waSalome, kunyangwe zvisina kunaka kumuona semutambi webasa rimwe chete, sezvo akawana budiriro yakakura mune akati wandei mamwe mabasa (pamwe chete, pakanga paine makumi mashanu avo. mune repertoire yemuimbi), iye zvakare akabudirira kuita mune operetta (wake Rosalind mu "The Bat" naI. Strauss pachikuva che "Metropolitan" akakosheswa nevakawanda kwete asingasviki Salome). Aive netarenda rakatanhamara semutambi anoshamisa, izvo munguva yepre-Kallas yakanga isiri iyo inowanzoitika panhandare yeopera. Panguva imwecheteyo, dzimwe nguva kutsamwa kwaimukurira, zvichiita kuti ave neshungu, kana kwete mamiriro ezvinhu anosuruvarisa pachikuva. Saka, mubasa raTosca mumutambo we "Metropolitan Opera", akarova mumwe wake, uyo akaita basa remutambudzi wake Baron Scarpia: iyi sarudzo yemufananidzo yakasangana nekufadza kwevanhu, asi mushure mekuita kwakakonzera. dambudziko rakawanda rekutarisira theatre.

Kuita kwakabvumira Lyuba Velich kuita basa rechipiri mushure mekusiya chikamu chikuru, achiita mumafirimu uye paterevhizheni. Pakati pemabasa mubhaisikopo pane firimu "A Man Between ..." (1953), apo muimbi anoridza opera diva zvakare mu "Salome"; mafirimu emimhanzi The Dove (1959, nekutora chikamu kwaLouis Armstrong), The Final Chord (1960, nekutora chikamu kwaMario del Monaco) nevamwe. Pakazara, Lyuba Velich's filmography inosanganisira 26 mafirimu. Muimbi akafa September 2, 1996 muVienna.