Edita Gruberova |

Edita Gruberová

Edita Gruberova, mumwe wekutanga coloratura sopranos munyika, anozivikanwa kwete muEurope chete, asiwo muRussia, kunyangwe mune yekupedzisira kunyanya kubva kuCD uye vhidhiyo makaseti. Gruberova i virtuoso yekuimba kwecoloratura: matrills ake anogona kuenzaniswa neaJoan Sutherland, mundima dzake chinyorwa chimwe nechimwe chinoratidzika separera, zvinyorwa zvake zvepamusoro zvinopa pfungwa yechinhu chinoshamisa. Giancarlo Landini ari kutaura nemuimbi ane mukurumbira.

Edita Gruberova akatanga sei?

Kubva kuna Queen of the Night. Ndakaita debut yangu mubasa iri muVienna uye ndakaimbira pasi rose, somuenzaniso, paMetropolitan Opera muNew York. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ndakaona kuti haugone kuita basa rakakura paQueen of the Night. Sei? Kusaziva! Pamwe manotsi angu epamusoro-soro akanga asina kukwana. Pamwe vaimbi vechidiki havagone kutamba basa iri nemazvo, izvo zvakaoma chaizvo kupfuura zvavanofunga. The Queen of the Night ndiamai, uye aria yake yechipiri nderimwe remapeji anoshamisa ati ambonyorwa naMozart. Vechidiki havakwanisi kutaura mutambo uyu. Hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti, kunze kwemanotsi akawandisa, mbiri dzeMozart's arias dzakanyorwa nechepakati tessitura, testitura chaiyo yedramatic soprano. Chete mushure mekunge ndaimba chikamu ichi kwemakore makumi maviri, ndakakwanisa kunyatsotaura zvirimo, kuita mimhanzi yaMozart pamwero wakakodzera.

Kukunda kwako kwakakosha ndekwekuti iwe wawana kunyanya kutaura munzvimbo yepakati yezwi?

Hongu, ndinofanira kuti hungu. Zvagara zviri nyore kwandiri kuti ndirove manotsi epamusoro-soro. Kubva pamazuva ebhaisikopo, ndakakunda manotsi akakwirira, sokunge kuti hazvina kunditorera chinhu. Mudzidzisi wangu akabva angotaura kuti ndaiva coloratura soprano. Kukwirira kwezwi rangu kwaive kwakasikwa. Nepo iyo yepakati rejista ndaifanira kukunda uye kushanda pane yayo kutaura. Zvese izvi zvakauya mukugadzira maturation.

Basa rako rakaenderera mberi sei?

Mushure meMambokadzi weHusiku, musangano wekukosha kukuru wakaitika muhupenyu hwangu - naZerbinetta kubva kuAriadne auf Naxos. Kuti ndiratidze uyu mufananidzo unoshamisa wenhandare yemitambo yaRichard Strauss, zvakanditorerawo nzira refu kuti ndiende. Muna 1976, pandakaimba ichi chikamu pasi paKarl Böhm, inzwi rangu rakanga rakanaka zvikuru. Nhasi ichiri chiridzwa chakakwana, asi nekufamba kwemakore ndakadzidza kutarisisa pane yega noti kuitira kuti nditore kubva mairi yakanyanya kutaura, simba rinoshamisa uye kupinda. Ndakadzidza kugadzira ruzha nemazvo, nzira yekuwana nayo nzvimbo inosimbisa kunaka kwezwi rangu, asi chinonyanya kukosha, nerubatsiro rwezviwanikwa izvi zvese, ndakadzidza kutaura mutambo zvakadzama.

Chii chingava nengozi kuzwi rako?

Kana ndikaimba "Jenufa" naJanacek, iyo yandinoda zvikuru, zvingava nengozi kune inzwi rangu. Kana ndikaimba Desdemona, zvingava nengozi kune inzwi rangu. Kana ndikaimba Butterfly, zvaizova nengozi kune inzwi rangu. Nhamo yainge yandinetsa ndikabvuma kunyengererwa neshamhu yakaita saButterfly ndikasarudza kuiimba chero zvodii.

Zvikamu zvakawanda mumitambo yaDonizetti zvakanyorwa mukatikati tessitura (zvakakwana kuyeuka Anne Boleyn, iyo tenzi weBergamo aifunga nezvezwi raGiuditta Pasta). Sei testitura yavo isingakuvadzi inzwi rako, asi Butterfly ingaiparadza?

Inzwi raMai Butterfly rinorira richipesana nekumashure kweorchestra iro rakatosiyana neraDonizetti. Ukama huri pakati pezwi neorchestra hunochinja zvinodiwa zvinoiswa paizwi pacharo. Mumakumi emakore ekutanga ezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, chinangwa che orchestra chakanga chisiri chekuvhiringidza inzwi, kusimbisa mativi ayo anobatsira zvikuru. Mumhanzi waPuccini, pane kunetsana pakati pezwi neochestra. Inzwi rinofanira kudzvinyirirwa kuti rikunde orchestra. Uye kushushikana kune njodzi kwandiri. Munhu wose anofanira kuimba nenzira yomuzvarirwo, asingarevi inzwi rake zvaasingagoni kupa, kana kuti zvaasingagoni kupa kwenguva refu. Chero zvazvingava, inofanira kubvumirwa kuti yakanyanyisa kutsvaga mumunda wekutaura, mavara, mataurirwo akafanana nemugodhi wakasimwa pasi pezwi rezwi. Zvisinei, kusvika kuna Donizetti, mavara anodiwa haaise mungozi mashoko ezwi. Dai ndaizoitora mumusoro mangu kuti ndiwedzere repertoire yangu kuVerdi, njodzi ingamuka. Muchiitiko ichi, dambudziko harisi nemanotsi. Ndine zvose zvinonyorwa, uye ndinozviimba zviri nyore. Asi kana ndikasarudza kuimba kwete chete Amelia aria "Carlo vive", asi yose opera "Vapambi", zvingava nengozi zvikuru. Uye kana pane dambudziko nezwi, chii chekuita?

Inzwi harichagoni "kugadzirwa"?

Aiwa, kana inzwi rikakuvadzwa, kwakaoma zvikuru, kana kusingabviri, kurigadzirisa.

Mumakore achangopfuura waiwanzoimba mumitambo yaDonizetti. Mary Stuart, akarekodhwa naPhilips, akateverwa neakarekodhwa ezvikamu zvaAnne Boleyn, Elizabeth muRobert Devere, Maria di Rogan. Chirongwa cheimwe solo discs chinosanganisira aria kubva kuLucrezia Borgia. Nderipi remavara aya rinonyatsoenderana nezwi rako?

Mavara ese aDonizetti anondikodzera. Pane mamwe maopera, ndakarekodha arias chete, zvinoreva kuti ndaisazofarira kuita maopera aya ese. MuCaterina Cornaro, iyo testitura yakanyanya pakati; Rosemond English haindifarire. Sarudzo yangu inogara ichirairwa nedhirama. Mu "Robert Devere" mufananidzo waElizabeth unoshamisa. Kusangana kwake naRobert naSarah ndeyechokwadi yemitambo uye saka haagone kutadza kukwezva iyo prima donna. Ndiani aisazonyengerwa negamba rinonakidza kudaro? Kune yakawanda mimhanzi yakanaka muMaria di Rogan. Zvinosiririsa kuti opera iyi inozivikanwa zvishoma kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe mazita eDonizetti. Maopera akasiyana ese aya ane chinhu chimwe chete chinoabatanidza. Zvikamu zvevatambi vakuru zvakanyorwa muchikamu chepakati chetessitura. Hapana anonetsa kuimba mutsauko kana cadences, asi yepakati izwi rejisita inonyanya kushandiswa. Ichi chikamu chinosanganisirawo Lucia, uyo anowanzoonekwa seakareba kwazvo. Donizetti haana kurwisa coloratura, asi aitsvaga kutaura kwezwi, achitsvaga vanhu vanokatyamadza vane manzwiro akasimba. Pakati pemagamba andisati ndaonana nawo, nekuti nyaya yavo haindikundi senyaya dzevamwe, ndiLucrezia Borgia.

Ndeipi chirevo chaunoshandisa pakusarudza misiyano muaria “O luce di quest'anima”? Iwe unotendeukira kune tsika, unovimba chete iwe pachako, teerera kune zvakarekodhwa zveakakurumbira virtuosos ekare?

Ndingati ndinotevera nzira dzese dzawataura. Paunodzidza chikamu, unowanzo tevera tsika inouya kwauri kubva kuvadzidzisi. Hatifaniri kukanganwa kukosha kwecadenzas, iyo yakashandiswa nehukuru virtuosos uye iyo yakapfuudzwa kuvazukuru kubva kuhama dzaRicci. Zvechokwadi, ndinoteerera kurekodhwa kwevaimbi vakuru vekare. Pakupedzisira, sarudzo yangu yakasununguka, chimwe chinhu changu chinowedzerwa kune tsika. Zvinonyanya kukosha, zvisinei, kuti hwaro, kureva, mimhanzi yaDonizetti, haiperi pasi pekusiyana. Hukama pakati pekusiyana uye mimhanzi ye opera inofanira kuramba yakasikwa. Zvikasadaro, mweya wearia unonyangarika. Panhambo nenhambo Joan Sutherland aiimba misiyano iyo yakanga isina chokuita nekuravira uye chimiro cheopera yaiitwa. Handibvumirani nazvo. Chimiro chinofanira kuremekedzwa nguva dzose.

Ngatidzokerei pamavambo ebasa renyu. Saka, iwe wakaimba Mambokadzi weHusiku, Zerbinetta, uyezve?

Ipapo Lucia. Nguva yokutanga yandakaita mubasa iri muna 1978 muVienna. Mudzidzisi wangu akandiudza kuti kwakanga kwakurumidza zvikuru kuti ndiimbe Lucia uye kuti ndaifanira kupfuurira nokungwarira. Iyo maturation process inofanira kufamba zvakanaka.

Chii chinodiwa kuti munhu akazvarwa asvike pakukura?

Munhu anofanira kuimba chikamu chacho noungwaru, kwete kuita zvakanyanyisa muhoro dzemitambo umo horo dzakafara zvikuru, izvo zvinoita kuti inzwi riomerwe. Uye unoda conductor anonzwisisa matambudziko ezwi. Heino zita renguva dzese: Giuseppe Patane. Ndiye kondakita ainyatsoziva kugadzira mamiriro ezvinhu akasununguka ezwi.

Zvibodzwa zvinofanirwa kuridzwa sezvakanyorwa here, kana kuti imwe mhando yekupindira inodiwa here?

Ndinofunga kuti kupindira kunodiwa. Semuenzaniso, kusarudzwa kwekufamba. Hapana nhanho yakakwana yakakwana. Vanofanira kusarudzwa nguva dzose. Inzwi pacharo rinondiudza kuti ndoita sei uye sei. Naizvozvo, tempos inogona kuchinja kubva pakuita kuita kuita, kubva kune mumwe muimbi kuenda kune mumwe. Kugadzirisa kufamba hakusi kugutsa zvido zve prima donna. Zvinoreva kuwana yakanakisa mhedzisiro kubva muzwi raunayo. Kusava nehanya nedambudziko rekumhanya kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakaipa.

Ndechipi chikonzero mumakore achangopfuura iwe wakapa hunyanzvi hwako kukambani diki rekodhi, uye kwete hofori dzakakurumbira?

Chikonzero chiri nyore kwazvo. Marekodhi makuru akaratidzira kusafarira mazita andaida kurekodha uye ayo, semugumisiro, akagamuchirwa zvakanaka neveruzhinji. Kudhindwa kwa "Maria di Rogan" kwakamutsa kufarira kukuru.

Unganzwika kupi?

Chaizvoizvo, ini ndinomisa zviitiko zvangu kune matatu theatre: muZurich, Munich neVienna. Ikoko ndinoita mahwekwe nemafans angu ese.

Hurukuro naEdita Gruberova yakaburitswa mumagazini yeOpera, Milan

PS Hurukuro nemuimbi, uyo zvino anogona kunzi mukuru, yakabudiswa makore akati wandei apfuura. Zvakangoitikawo hazvo, muturikiri mumazuva mashoma apfuura akanzwa kutepfenyura kwaLucrezia Borgia kubva kuStaats Oper muVienna naEdita Gruberova ari kutungamira. Zvakaoma kutsanangura kushamisika uye kuyemura: muimbi wemakore makumi matanhatu nemana ari muchimiro chakanaka. Veruzhinji veViennese vakamugamuchira nechido. MuItari, Gruberova ari mumamiriro ake ezvinhu angadai akabatwa zvakanyanya uye, kazhinji, vangadai vakati "haachafanana nakare." Zvisinei, kushandisa pfungwa kunoratidza kuti izvi hazvibviri. Mazuva ano Edita Gruberova akapemberera zuva rake rechishanu rebasa. Kune vashoma vaimbi avo, pazera rake, vanogona kuzvirumbidza nepearl coloratura uye hunyanzvi hunoshamisa hwekutetepa manotsi epamusoro. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaratidzwa naGruberova muVienna. Saka ndiye diva chaiye. Uye, zvichida, zvechokwadi yekupedzisira (IS).

Debut 1968 (Bratislava, chikamu cheRozina). Kubva 1970 paVienna Opera (Queen of the Night, nezvimwewo). Akaita naKarajan paSalzburg Festival kubvira 1974. Kubva 1977 paMetropolitan Opera (kutanga saMambokadzi weHusiku). Muna 1984, akaimba zvine hungwaru basa raJuliet muBellini's Capuleti e Montecchi kuCovent Garden. Akaita kuLa Scala (chikamu cheConstanza muMozart's Abduction kubva kuSeraglio, nezvimwewo).

Pakati pemitambo yemakore ekupedzisira ebasa raVioletta (1992, Venice), Anne Boleyn mu opera yezita rimwe chete naDonizetti (1995, Munich). Pakati peakanakisa mabasa ndiLucia, Elvira muBellini's The Puritans, Zerbinetta muAriadne auf Naxos naR. Strauss. Akarekodha akati wandei mabasa mumaopera naDonizetti, Mozart, R. Strauss nevamwe. Akaita nyeredzi mumafirimu eOpera. Pazvakarekodhwa, tinocherechedza zvikamu zveVioletta (conductor Rizzi, Teldec), Zerbinetta (conductor Böhm, Deutsche Grammophon).

E. Tsodokov, 1999