Fantasy |

kubva muchiGiriki pantaoia - kufungidzira; lat. uye ital. fantasia, German Fantasia, French fantaisie, eng. fancy, fantasy, fantasy

1) Rudzi rwemumhanzi wezviridzwa (dzimwe nguva unonzwika), iwo maficha ega ega anoratidzwa mukutsauka kubva kune zvakajairwa zvekuvaka zvakajairwa panguva yavo, kashoma mune isingawanzo yekufananidzira zvinyorwa zvetsika. composition scheme. Mazano pamusoro peF. akanga akasiyana mumimhanzi yakasiyana uye nhoroondo. nguva, asi nguva dzose miganhu yemhando yakaramba isina kujeka: mumazana emakore 16-17. F. inosanganiswa ne ricercar, toccata, muuriri hwechipiri. 2th century - ine sonata, muzana ramakore rechi18. - nenhetembo, nezvimwewo. Ph. inogara ichibatanidzwa nemhando uye mafomu anowanikwa panguva yakatarwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, basa rinonzi F. mubatanidzwa usina kujairika we "matemu" (maitiro, anoreva) anowanzoitika panguva ino. Kuwanda kwekugovera uye rusununguko rwemhando yeF. mafomu mune imwe nguva yakapihwa: nguva dzeakarongedzerwa, neimwe nzira kana imwe nzira yakasimba (19 - kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 16, baroque art yehafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi 17), inoratidzirwa ne "kutumbuka kwakanaka" kwaF.; pane zvinopesana, kusunungurwa kwemaitiro akasimbiswa "akasimba" (romaticism) uye kunyanya kubuda kwemaitiro matsva (zana remakore rechi1) anoperekedzwa nekuderedzwa kwenhamba yehuzivi uye kuwedzera kwesangano ravo rekugadzirisa. Iko kushanduka kwemhando yeF. haiparadzaniswi kubva pakuvandudzwa kwechiridzwa chakazara: iyo periodization yenhoroondo yeF. inopindirana neiyo general periodization yeWestern Europe. mhanzi mhosva. F. ndeimwe yemhando dzekare dze instr. mimhanzi, asi, kusiyana nevakawanda vekutanga instr. mhando dzakagadzirwa maererano nenhetembo. kutaura uye kutamba. mafambiro (canzona, suite), F. yakavakirwa pamimhanzi chaiyo. mapatani. Kubuda kwaF.kunoreva mavambo. 18th century Imwe yemabviro ayo yaive yekuvandudza. B. h. kutanga F. zvakaitirwa zviridzwa zvakadzurwa: zvakawanda. F. yelute uye vihuela zvakasikwa muItaly (F. da Milano, 20), Spain (L. Milan, 16; M. de Fuenllana, 1547), Germany (S. Kargel), France (A. Rippe), England ( T. Morley). F. ye clavier uye organ zvaive zvishoma zvakanyanya (F. muOrgan Tablature naX. Kotter, Fantasia allegre naA. Gabrieli). Kazhinji ivo vanosiyaniswa nevanopikisa, kazhinji vachitevedzera. presentation; idzi F. dziri pedyo zvikuru ne capriccio, toccata, tiento, canzone zvokuti hazviiti nguva dzose kuziva kuti nei mutambo wacho uchinzi F. (somuenzaniso, F. yakapiwa pasi inofanana neyakapfuma). Zita munyaya iyi rinotsanangurwa netsika yekudaidza F. ricercar yakagadziridzwa kana yakasununguka (kuronga kwezwi motets, zvakasiyana-siyana mu instr. spirit, yaidanwawo).

F. da Milano. Fantasy for lutes.

Muzana ramakore rechi 16 F. zvakare hazvishamisi, umo kubata kwemahara manzwi (akabatanidzwa, kunyanya, neakasarudzika ezwi rinotungamira pazviridzwa zvakatemwa) zvinotungamira kune imwe imba yekuchengetera ine ndima-yakafanana mharidzo.

L. Milan. Fantasy for vihuela.

Muzana ramakore rechi 17 F. inova yakakurumbira zvikuru muEngland. G. Purcell anotaura naye (somuenzaniso, “Fantasy for one sound”); J. Bull, W. Bird, O. Gibbons, nevamwe mhandara vanounza F. pedyo netsika. Chirungu chimiro - pasi (zvakakosha kuti musiyano wezita rayo - fancy - unoenderana nerimwe remazita aF.). The heyday of F. muzana remakore rechi17. yakabatana ne org. music. F. paJ. Frescobaldi muenzaniso wekusimba, kuvandudzwa kwehasha; Iyo "chromatic fantasy" yeAmsterdam master J. Sweelinck (inobatanidza zvinhu zvefugue iri nyore uye yakaoma, ricercar, polyphonic variations) inopupurira kuberekwa kwechimbo chikuru. style; S. Scheidt akashanda mutsika imwe cheteyo, to-ry inonzi F. contrapuntal. gadziriro dzekwaya uye kusiyana kwekwaya. Basa revaimbi ava nevaridzi ve harpsichord vakagadzirira kubudirira kukuru kwaJS Bach. Panguva ino, maitiro kuna F. aive akatemerwa nezvebasa rekusimudzira, kufara kana kushamisa. hunhu hune rusununguko rwakajairwa rwekuchinjana nekusimudzira kana quirkiness yekuchinja kwemuses. mifananidzo; inova inenge inosungirwa kunatsiridza. chinhu chinogadzira fungidziro yekutaura kwakananga, ukoshese hwekutamba kunongoerekana kwaitika kwefungidziro pamusoro pechirongwa chekunyora nemaune. Munhengo uye clavier mabasa eBach, F. ndiye anonyanya kunzwisa tsitsi uye ane rudo zvakanyanya. genre. F. muBach (semuna D. Buxtehude uye GF Telemann, uyo anoshandisa da capo musimboti muF.) kana kuti inosanganiswa mudenderedzwa ine fugue, uko, senge toccata kana prelude, inoshanda kugadzirira uye mumvuri unotevera. chidimbu (F. uye fugue ye organ g-moll, BWV 542), kana kushandiswa senhanganyaya. zvikamu musutu (yeviolin uye clavier A-dur, BWV 1025), partita (ye clavier a-minor, BWV 827), kana, pakupedzisira, iripo yakazvimirira. prod. (F. yenhengo G-dur BWV 572). MuBach, kuomarara kwesangano hakupesani nemutemo wemahara F. Semuenzaniso, muChromatic Fantasy neFugue, rusununguko rwekuratidzira runoratidzwa mukubatanidzwa kwakashinga kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemhando - org. kunatsiridza manyorerwo, recitative uye kufananidzira kugadzirisa kwechorale. Zvikamu zvose zvakabatanidzwa pamwe chete nemafungiro ekufamba kwekiyi kubva kuT kusvika kuD, inoteverwa nekumira paS uye kudzokera kuT (saka, nheyo yefomu yekare yezvikamu zviviri inowedzerwa kuF.). Mufananidzo wakafanana unofananidzirawo mamwe mafungiro aBach; kunyange zvazvo vachiwanzozadzwa nokutevedzera, simba guru rokuumba mavari kuwirirana. Ladoharmonic. chimiro chechimiro chinogona kuratidzwa kuburikidza nehombe org. pfungwa dzinotsigira tonic dzekiyi dzinotungamira.

Yakasiyana-siyana yeBach's F. mamwe marongero ekwaya (semuenzaniso, "Fantasia super: Komm, heiliger Geist, Herre Gott", BWV 651), misimboti yebudiriro umo isingatyore tsika dzekwaya. Dudziro yemahara zvakanyanya inosiyanisa fungidziro, kazhinji kunze kwehungwaru fungidziro dzeFE Bach. Zvinoenderana nezvaakataura (mubhuku "Chiitiko chenzira chaiyo yekutamba clavier", 1753-62), "kufungidzira kunonzi mahara kana makiyi mazhinji achibatanidzwa mairi kupfuura muchidimbu chakaumbwa kana kuvandudzwa mumamita akasimba ... ine mavhesi akasiyana-siyana anogona kuridzwa mumakord akatyoka kana marudzi ese ezvifananidziro zvakasiyana… Iyo isina kungwara yemahara fantasy yakanakira kuratidza manzwiro.

Confused lyric. fungidziro dzeWA Mozart (clavier F. d-moll, K.-V. 397) dzinopupurira kune vanodanana. dudziro yemhando. Mumamiriro ezvinhu matsva vanozadzisa basa ravo renguva refu. zvidimbu (asi kwete kune fugue, asi kune sonata: F. uye sonata c-moll, K.-V. 475, 457), recreate musimboti wekuchinjanisa homophonic uye polyphonic. mharidzo (org. F. f-moll, K.-V. 608; chirongwa: AB A1 C A2 B1 A3, apo B ari zvikamu zvefugue, C zvakasiyana). I. Haydn akasuma F. kune quartet (op. 76 No 6, chikamu 2). L. Beethoven akabatanidza mubatanidzwa we sonata uye F. nekugadzira yakakurumbira yechi14 sonata, op. 27 No 2 - "Sonata quasi una Fantasia" uye yechi13 sonata op. 27 Kwete 1. Akaunza kuna F. pfungwa yesymphony. kukura, virtuoso unhu instr. concerto, the monumentality of the oratorio: in F. yepiyano, kwaya uye orchestra c-moll op. 80 senziyo yehunyanzvi yakaridzwa (muchikamu cheC-dur chepakati, chakanyorwa nenzira yekusiyana) dingindira, rakazoshandiswa se "dingindira remufaro" mukupera kwe9th symphony.

Romantics, semuenzaniso. F. Schubert (Series of F. for pianoforte in 2 and 4 hands, F. for violin and pianoforte op. 159), F. Mendelssohn (F. for pianoforte op. 28), F. Liszt (org. uye pianoforte. F. .) nevamwe, vakapfumisa F. neunhu huzhinji hwakajairika, vachidzamisa zvimiro zvehurongwa izvo zvakamboratidzwa murudzi urwu (R. Schumann, F. yepiyano C-dur op. 17). Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuti “rudo. rusununguko”, hunhu hwemhando dzezana ramakore rechi 19, kune zvishoma zvinonetsa F. Inoshandisa mafomu akajairwa - sonata (AN Skryabin, F. yepiano mu h-moll op. 28; S. Frank, org. F. A. -dur), sonata cycle (Schumann, F. yepiyano C-dur op. 17). Kazhinji, yeF. 19th century. hunhu, kune rumwe rutivi, kusanganisa nemahara uye akasanganiswa mafomu (kusanganisira nhetembo), uye kune rimwe divi, ane rhapsodies. Mn. nziyo dzisina zita rokuti F., chaizvoizvo, ndidzo (S. Frank, “Prelude, Chorale and Fugue”, “Prelude, Aria and Final”). Rus. vanyori vanosuma F. muchikamu chewoki. (MI Glinka, "Venetian Night", "Night Wongororo") uye symphony. mimhanzi: mubasa ravo maive nechaicho. orc. zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhando ndeye symphonic fantasy (SV Rachmaninov, The Cliff, op. 7; AK Glazunov, The Forest, op. 19, The Sea, op. 28, nezvimwewo). Vanopa F. chimwe chinhu chakajeka chiRussian. hunhu (MP Mussorgsky, "Night on Bald Mountain", chimiro chayo, maererano nemunyori, "chiRussian uye chepakutanga"), ipapo inofarira yekumabvazuva (MA Balakirev, kumabvazuva F. "Islamey" yefp. ) fantastic (AS Dargomyzhsky, "Baba Yaga" yeorchestra) mavara; zvipe zvirongwa zvakakosha zvehuzivi (PI Tchaikovsky, "The Tempest", F. yeorchestra yakavakirwa pamutambo wezita rimwe chete naW. Shakespeare, op. 18; "Francesca da Rimini", F. yeorchestra pachirongwa che Rwiyo rwekutanga rweGehena kubva ku“Divine Comedy” naDante, op.1).

Muzana remakore rechi20 F. seyakazvimirira. rudzi rushoma (M. Reger, Choral F. yeogani; O. Respighi, F. yepiyano uye orchestra, 1907; JF Malipiero, Zuva Nezuva Fantasy yeorchestra, 1951; O. Messiaen, F. yeviolin nepiyano; M. Tedesco, F. yegitare nepiyano; A. Copland, F. yepiyano; A. Hovaness, F. kubva kuSuite yepiyano “Shalimar”; N (I. Peiko, Concert F. yehwamanda nechamber orchestra, zvichingodaro). Dzimwe nguva tsika neoclassical inoratidzwa muna F. (F. Busoni, “Counterpoint F.”; P. Hindemith, sonatas yeviola nepiyano – muF, 6st chikamu, muS., 1rd chikamu; K. Karaev, sonata ye violin uye piano, finale, J. Yuzeliunas, concerto for organ, 3st movement) Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvinyorwa zvitsva zvinoshandiswa muF. nzira dzezana remakore rechi1 - dodecaphony (A. Schoenberg, F. violin nepiyano; F. Fortner, F. pamusoro pedingindira rekuti “BACH” yezviridzwa zviviri, zviridzwa zvipfumbamwe neochestra), sonor-aleatoric. maitiro (SM Slonimsky, “Coloristic F.” yepiyano).

Mu 2nd floor. Muzana remakore rechi20 chimwe chemhando dzakakosha dzehuzivi - kusikwa kwemunhu, akananga (kazhinji ane tsika yekuvandudza kuburikidza) chimiro - chimiro chemimhanzi yemhando ipi neipi, uye mupfungwa iyi, dzakawanda zvezvinonyorwa zvitsva semuenzaniso, 4th uye 5th pianos sonatas naBI Tishchenko) vanobatana naF.

2) Webetsero. tsananguro inoratidza imwe rusununguko rwekududzira decomp. mhando: waltz-F. (MI Glinka), Impromptu-F., Polonaise-F. (F. Chopin, op. 66,61), sonata-F. (AN Scriabin, p. 19), overture-F. (PI Tchaikovsky, "Romeo naJuliet"), F. Quartet (B. Britten, "Fantasy quartet" yeoboe uye tambo. trio), recitative-F. (S. Frank, sonata yeviolin uye piano, chikamu 3), F.-burlesque (O. Messiaen), nezvimwewo.

3) Yakajairika mu19-20 mazana emakore. genre instr. kana orc. mimhanzi, yakavakirwa pakushandiswa kwemahara kwemadingindira akakweretwa kubva muzvinyorwa zvavo kana kubva kumabasa evamwe vanyori, pamwe nekubva kungano (kana zvakanyorwa muchimiro chevanhu). Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekusika. kugadzirisa zvakare madingindira eF. kana kuumba hunyowani hutsva huzere uye vobva vasvika padimikira, rhapsody (fungidziro dzakawanda dzaLiszt, “Serbian F.” yerwiyo rweRimsky-Korsakov, “F. pamadingindira aRyabinin” piyano neorchestra yaArensky, “Cinematics F. ” pamadingindira emumhanzi “Bull on the Roof” yeviolin uye orchestra Milhaud, zvichingodaro), kana iri nyore “montage” yemadingindira uye ndima, yakafanana nepotopourri (F. pamadingindira ye classical operettas, F. pamusoro pemadingindira enziyo dzakakurumbira vanyori, nezvimwewo).

4) Creative fantasy (German Phantasie, Fantasie) - kukwanisa kwekuziva kwevanhu kuti vamiririre (kuona kwemukati, kunzwa) chiitiko chechokwadi, chitarisiko chayo chakatemerwa kare nenzanga. ruzivo uye zviitiko zvevanhu, uye kune kusikwa kwepfungwa nekubatanidza uye kugadzirisa aya mazano (pamatanho ese epfungwa, kusanganisira inonzwisisika uye subconscious) yehunyanzvi. mifananidzo. Kugamuchirwa mumazizi. sainzi (psychology, aesthetics) kunzwisisa kwechimiro chekusika. F. yakavakirwa pachinzvimbo cheMarxist panhoroondo. uye nzanga. mamiriro ekuziva kwevanhu uye pane Leninist dzidziso yekufungisisa. Muzana remakore rechi20 kune mamwe maonero pamusoro pemhando yekugadzira. F., izvo zvinoratidzirwa mudzidziso dzaZ. Freud, CG Jung naG. Marcuse.

References: 1) Kuznetsov KA, Musical uye nhoroondo mifananidzo, M., 1937; Mazel L., Fantasia f-moll Chopin. Chiitiko chekuongorora, M., 1937, zvakafanana, mubhuku rake: Research on Chopin, M., 1971; Berkov VO, Chromatic fantasy J. Sweelinka. Kubva munhau yokuwirirana, M., 1972; Miksheeva G., Symphonic fantasies yaA. Dargomyzhsky, mubhuku: Kubva munhoroondo yemimhanzi yeRussia neSoviet, vol. 3, M., 1978; Protopopov VV, Essays kubva munhoroondo yezviridzwa mafomu e1979 - kutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, M., XNUMX.

3) Marx K. naEngels R., PaArt, vol. 1, M., 1976; Lenin VI, Materialism uye empirio-kutsoropodza, Poln. coll. soch., 5th ed., ndima. 18; rake pachake, Philosophical Notebooks, ibid., vol. 29; Ferster NP, Creative fantasy, M., 1924; Vygotsky LS, Psychology of art, M., 1965, 1968; Averintsev SS, "Analytical Psychology" K.-G. Jung uye mapatani ekufungidzira kwekugadzira, mu: Pa Mazuva Ano Bourgeois Aesthetics, vol. 3, M., 1972; Davydov Yu., Marxist historicism uye dambudziko rematambudziko eunyanzvi, mukuunganidza: Modern bourgeois art, M., 1975; yake, Art in the social philosophy yaG. Marcuse, mu: Critique of modern bourgeois sociology of art, M., 1978.

TS Kyuregyan