Key. Matoni makuru.

Chii chichakubatsira kana uchida kuridza mimhanzi iri pamusoro kana pasi peyekutanga?

Muchitsauko chakapfuura, takadzidza chiyero chikuru. Mumienzaniso yechinyorwa chakapfuura, chinyorwa chakaderera ndiC. Ndiyo tonic, kubva kune mamwe ose manotsi echiyero chikuru akavakwa. Muchokwadi, kune chiyero chikuru, hazvina basa zvachose kuti ndechipi chinyorwa chaunotora sehwaro (iyo chinyorwa chinova tonic). Chinhu chikuru ndechekuchengeta nguva dzakakodzera pakati pematanho (iwo anotsanangurwa muchitsauko chakapfuura). Semuenzaniso, ngativake chiyero chikuru kubva pachinyorwa "sol".

Mufananidzo 1. Chikero chikuru kubva pachinyorwa "sol"

Ndapota cherechedza kuti kuitira kuchengetedza nguva dzakakwana pakati pezvinyorwa, takamanikidzwa kushandisa chinyorwa F-chakapinza (chekupedzisira mumufananidzo), sezvo pane chikamu chikuru chechipiri (toni yose) pakati pemadhigirii VI uye VII.

Key

Mumuenzaniso wedu, takatora chinyorwa "munyu" sehwaro (tonic). Tinogona kutaura kuti maitiro edu ari pakukwirira kwechinyorwa "munyu". It ndihwo hurefu zvekutambudzika kunonzi izwi " inzwi “. Zita rekiyi rine mazwi maviri: tonic + fret. Tonic yedu ndiyo chinyorwa "sol", uye modhi yacho yakakura. Saka, tonality yedu inonzi "G Major". Muchinyorwa chakapfuura, takavaka chiyero chikuru kubva pachinyorwa "kusvika", zvinoreva kuti takashandisa kiyi "C huru".

Kuisa tonic muzita re tonality, zita retsamba rinoshandiswa. Kureva izwi rekuti "mukuru", ringave izwi rekuti "dur" kana izwi rekuti "maj" rinoshandiswa, kana zita rekuti mukuru rinowanzo kusiiwa. Avo. C huru inogona kutsanangurwa nenzira dzinotevera: "C-dur", "C-maj" kana kungoti "C" (kana tikanyora tsamba chete, ipapo panofanira kugara paine vara guru chete). G guru rinogona kutsanangurwa zvakafanana: "G-dur", "G-maj", kana kungoti "G". Yeuka kuti tsamba yezita reti "do" ndi "C", uye chinyorwa "sol" ndi "G" (ichi ndicho chinyorwa chechikamu "Notation of Music").

Sei kune toni dzakasiyana? Zvese zviri nyore uye, zvinonyanya kukosha, zviri nyore. Ngatitorei muenzaniso mumwe. Rangarira kuti tonality ndiyo nhanho yechikero. Zvino ngatiti urikuda kuridza rwiyo. Asi "hauna kugadzikana" kuzviita, nekuti. Iwe hausvike mamwe manotsi nezwi rako - iwo akanyanya kukwirira. Hapana dambudziko. Ridza rwiyo mukiyi yepasi - zvese zvinyorwa zverwiyo zvichave zvakaderera. Ngatitorei rwiyo rwakafanana mumakiyi akasiyana semuenzaniso. Kekutanga muC chikuru, kechipiri muG chikuru:

Chidimu che "Rwiyo rweshamwari" kubva pakatuni "The Bremen Town Musicians", C chikuru:

Mufananidzo 2. "Rwiyo rweShamwari" mukiyi yeC huru

Iye zvino chidimbu chimwe chete, asi muG chikuru:

Mufananidzo 3. "Rwiyo rweShamwari" mukiyi yeG guru

Iwe unoona, muG chikuru rwiyo rwacho rwakakwirisa kupfuura muC mukuru, kunyangwe chinangwa chinoramba chiri chimwe chete.

Makiyi makuru

Chii chinonzi "tonality", isu takatozvifunga. Ngatishevedzei kiyi huru iyo modhi, pakati pematanho ayo mapindiro eiyo huru modhi inocherechedzwa.

Tichangobva kutarisa makiyi C-dur uye G-dur. Isu takavaka makiyi aya kubva pane zvinyorwa "ita" uye "munyu". Dzaive tonics. Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti zvachose chero chinyorwa chinogona kuita senge tonic yekiyi hombe: ese ari makuru uye anotorwa. Avo. tinogona kuvaka maitiro makuru, semuenzaniso, kubva padanho re "D-sharp". Muchiitiko ichi, tonality yedu ichanzi "D-yakapinza huru", kana maererano netsamba system "D #-dur".

Mhando dzemakiyi makuru

Ehe, wakaona kuti mukiyi yeG-maj, tinoshandisa chinyorwa "F-yakapinza" pachinzvimbo che "fa". Avo. kiyi iyi inoshandisa dhigirii rakasimudzwa. Zvichienderana ne tonic yakasarudzwa, makiyi makuru anogona kushandisa nhamba yakasiyana yematanho ekubuda - zvose zvakasimudzwa (nyaya yedu neG-maj) uye yakaderedzwa (edza kuvaka chiyero chikuru kubva pachinyorwa "fa" iwe pachako). Zvichienderana nenjodzi dzakashandiswa, makiyi makuru anokamurwa kuita  Akacheka uye  pamhama . Iyo chete C-dur kiyi huru haishandise tsaona, saka haina kupinza kana kufuratira.

Pakati pemakiyi makuru, pane makiyi manomwe akapinza (G, D, A, E, B, F#, C#) uye 7 makiyi akatsetseka (F, Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb). Zviratidzo zvekushandurwa kwemakiyi zvakanyorwa pakiyi (pakarepo mushure mekiyi). Tinoyeuka kuti mhedzisiro yechiratidzo chetsaona yakanyorwa nekiyi inoshanda kune yese basa (kunze kwekunge, chokwadi, kiyi yebasa haina kuchinjika - isu tichadzidza izvi zvakare), saka hapana chikonzero chekunyora inopinza kana furati. saina nguva dzose. Izvi zvinorerutsa kurekodha nekuverenga nziyo.

Makiyi anoenderana

Makiyi anosiyana kubva kune mumwe mune imwe kiyi chiratidzo anonzi Related . Mumienzaniso yedu muchinyorwa chino, takashandisa makiyi ane hukama: C-dur uye G-dur.

Results

Takabata nemakiyi makuru. Iyi inyaya yakakosha uye iri nyore kunzwisisa. Tinovimba wanzwisisa.