Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova-Benois |
Maria Kuznetsova-Benois
Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova muimbi weRussian Opera (soprano) uye mutambi, mumwe wevaimbi vakakurumbira ve pre-revolutionary Russia. Anotungamira soloist weMariinsky Theatre, anotora chikamu cheSergei Diaghilev's Russian Seasons. Akashanda naNA Rimsky-Korsakov, Richard Strauss, Jules Massenet, akaimba naFyodor Chaliapin naLeonid Sobinov. Mushure mokubva kuRussia mushure me1917, akaramba achiita zvinobudirira kunze kwenyika.
Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova akaberekwa muna 1880 muna Odessa. Maria akakurira mumamiriro ekugadzira uye ehungwaru, baba vake Nikolai Kuznetsov vaiva mhizha, uye amai vake vakabva kumhuri yeMechnikov, babamunini vaMaria vaiva mubairo weNobel biologist Ilya Mechnikov uye nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu Lev Mechnikov. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky akashanyira imba yeKuznetsovs, uyo akaisa pfungwa kune tarenda yemuimbi wemangwana uye akamunyorera nziyo dzevana, kubva pauduku Maria akarota kuva mutambikadzi.
Vabereki vake vakamutumira kune imwe gymnasium muSwitzerland, achidzokera kuRussia, akadzidza ballet muSt. Wese munhu akacherekedza yake yakachena lyrical soprano, tarenda rinoonekwa semutambi uye runako rwechikadzi. Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky akamurondedzera se "... soprano inoshamisa inogona kuonekwa nekuteererwa nechido chimwe chete."
Muna 1904, Maria Kuznetsova akaita kutanga kwake pachikuva cheSt. Petersburg Conservatory saTatyana muTchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, uye pachikuva cheMariinsky Theatre muna 1905 saMarguerite muGounod's Faust. Soloist weMariinsky Theatre, nekanguva kadiki, Kuznetsova akagara kusvikira kuchinja kwe 1917. Muna 1905, zvinyorwa zviviri zvegiramufoni nerekodhi yezvaakaita zvakasunungurwa muSt.
Pane imwe nguva, muna 1905, nguva pfupi mushure mokunge Kuznetsova atanga kuMariinsky, panguva yekushanda kwake muimba yemitambo, kukakavara kwakamuka pakati pevadzidzi nevakuru vakuru, mamiriro ezvinhu munyika akachinja, uye kutya kwakatanga munhandare. Maria Kuznetsova akakanganisa aria yaElsa kubva kuR. Wagner's "Lohengrin" uye akaimba zvinyoronyoro rwiyo rweRussia "Mwari Save the Tsar", mabuzzers akamanikidzwa kumisa kukakavara uye vateereri vakadzikama, chiitiko chakaenderera.
Murume wekutanga waMaria Kuznetsova aiva Albert Albertovich Benois, kubva kumhuri inozivikanwa yevagadziri veRussia, vanyori, vanyori vezvakaitika kare Benois. Mukutanga kwebasa rake, Maria aizivikanwa pasi pezita rechipiri Kuznetsova-Benoit. Mumuchato wechipiri, Maria Kuznetsova akaroorwa nemuiti Bogdanov, wechitatu - kune bhangi uye maindasitiri Alfred Massenet, muzukuru wemuimbi anozivikanwa Jules Massenet.
Muhupenyu hwake hwose, Kuznetsova-Benois akabatanidzwa mumitambo yakawanda yeEurope opera, kusanganisira zvikamu zveFevronia muRimsky-Korsakov's Tale yeguta Risingaonekwi reKitezh uye Maiden Fevronia naCleopatra kubva ku opera yezita rimwe chete naJ. munyori akamunyorera zvakanyanya. Uye zvakare padanho reRussia raakaratidza kekutanga mabasa eWoglinda muR. Goridhe reRhine naR. Wagner, Cio-Cio-san muMadama Butterfly naG. Puccini nevamwe vazhinji. Akashanyira maguta muRussia, France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, USA nedzimwe nyika neMariinsky Opera Company.
Pakati pemabasa ake akanakisa: Antonida ("Hupenyu hweTsar" naM. Glinka), Lyudmila ("Ruslan naLyudmila" naM. Glinka), Olga ("Mermaid" naA. Dargomyzhsky), Masha ("Dubrovsky" naE. . Napravnik), Oksana (“Cherevichki” by P. Tchaikovsky), Tatiana (“Eugene Onegin” by P. Tchaikovsky), Kupava (“The Snow Maiden” by N. Rimsky-Korsakov), Juliet (“Romeo and Juliet” by Ch. Gounod), Carmen ("Carmen" Zh Bizet), Manon Lescaut ("Manon" naJ. Massenet), Violetta ("La Traviata" naG. Verdi), Elsa ("Lohengrin" naR. Wagner) nevamwe. .
Muna 1914, Kuznetsova akambosiya Mariinsky Theatre uye, pamwe chete neRussia Ballet yaSergei Diaghilev, yakaitwa muParis neLondon semutambo webherina, uye yakatsigirawo chikamu chavo. Akatamba mu ballet "The Legend of Joseph" naRichard Strauss, ballet yakagadzirirwa nenyeredzi dzenguva yavo - munyori uye kondakita Richard Strauss, mutungamiriri Sergei Diaghilev, choreographer Mikhail Fokin, zvipfeko uye nzvimbo Lev Bakst, mutambi mukuru Leonid Myasin. . Yakanga iri basa rinokosha uye kambani yakanaka, asi kubva pakutanga kugadzirwa kwakatarisana nemamwe matambudziko: pakanga pasina nguva yekudzokorora, Strauss aive akashata, sezvo muenzi ballerinas Ida Rubinstein naLydia Sokolova vakaramba kutora chikamu, uye Strauss akaita. vasingafariri kushanda nevaimbi veFrance uye vachigara vachipopotedzana neimba, uye Diaghilev akanga achiri kunetseka nezvekuenda kwevatambi Vaslav Nijinsky kubva muboka. Pasinei nematambudziko ari shure kwezviitiko, ballet yakatanga kubudirira muLondon neParis. Mukuwedzera pakuedza ruoko rwake paballet, Kuznetsova akaita mitambo yakawanda yekushanda, kusanganisira Borodin's production of Prince Igor muLondon.
Pashure pechimurenga muna 1918, Maria Kuznetsova akabva Russia. Sezvinokodzera mutambikadzi, akazviita nerunako runoshamisa - akapfeka semukomana wepaimba, aive akahwanda pazasi pechikepe chaienda kuSweden. Akave muimbi weopera paStockholm Opera, ipapo kuCopenhagen uyezve kuRoyal Opera House, Covent Garden muLondon. Nguva yose iyi aigara achiuya kuParis, uye muna 1921 akazogara muParis, iyo yakava imba yake yechipiri yekusika.
Mumakore ekuma1920 Kuznetsova akaita makonzati ega kwaakaimba nziyo dzeRussia, French, Spanish uye gypsy, romances uye operas. Pamakonzati aya, aigara achitamba mitambo yechiSpanish uye flamenco. Mamwe emakonzati ake aive nerupo kubatsira vanoshaya vekuRussia vanotama. Akava nyeredzi yeParisian opera, kugamuchirwa mu salon yake kwainzi kukudzwa kukuru. "Rudzi rwenzanga", makurukota neveindasitiri vakaungana pamberi pake. Pamusoro pemakonzati ega ega, aigara achishanda seanoimba ega mudzimba dzakawanda dzeopera muEurope, kusanganisira idzo dziri kuCovent Garden uye kuParis Opera neOpéra Comique.
Muna 1927, Maria Kuznetsova, pamwe chete naPrince Alexei Tsereteli uye baritone Mikhail Karakash, vakaronga kambani yega yeOpera yeRussia muParis, uko vakakoka vaimbi vakawanda vekuRussia vakanga vabva kuRussia. Iyo Russian Opera yakaronga Sadko, Iyo Tale yeTsar Saltan, Iyo Tale yeGuta Risingaonekwe reKitezh uye Maiden Fevronia, Iyo Sorochinskaya Fair uye mamwe ma opera nema ballet nevanyori veRussia uye yakaitwa muLondon, Paris, Barcelona, Madrid, Milan. uye kuBuenos Aires iri kure. Russian Opera yakagara kusvika 1933.
Maria Kuznetsova akafa musi waApril 25, 1966 muParis, France.
