Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel |

Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel

Nadezhda Ivanovna Zabela-Vrubel akaberekwa musi waApril 1, 1868 mumhuri yemhuri yekare yeUkraine. Baba vake, Ivan Petrovich, mushandi wehurumende, vaifarira kupenda, mimhanzi uye vakabatsira pakudzidzisa kwakasiyana-siyana kwevanasikana vake - Catherine naNadezhda. Kubva pazera remakore gumi, Nadezhda akadzidza paKiev Institute yeNoble Maidens, iyo yaakapedza kudzidza muna 1883 ane menduru huru yesirivha.

Kubva muna 1885 kusvika muna 1891, Nadezhda akadzidza paSt. Petersburg Conservatory, mukirasi yaPurofesa NA Iretskaya. "Art inoda musoro," akadaro Natalia Alexandrovna. Kuti agadzirise nyaya yekubvumirwa, aigara achiteerera kune vanenge vachikumbira kumba, akasvika pakuvaziva zvakadzama.

Hezvino izvo LG inonyora. Barsova: "Paleti yese yemavara yakavakirwa pamazwi asina kunaka: inzwi rakachena, sokunge zvakadaro, risingaperi uye rinoramba richiyerera uye richikura. Kuumbwa kwenzwi hakuna kutadzisa kutaura kwemuromo: “Makonzonendi anoimba, haakiyi, anoimba!” Iretskaya akakurudzira. Aiona matauriro enhema semhosva huru, uye kuimba kwekumanikidzira kwaionekwa senjodzi huru - mhedzisiro yekufema kusingafadzi. Zvinodiwa zvinotevera zveIretskaya zvaiva zvechimanjemanje: “Unofanira kukwanisa kubata mweya wako paunenge uchiimba mutsara – femera mukati zviri nyore, bata diaphragm yako paunenge uchiimba chirevo, inzwa mamiriro ekuimba.” Zabela akadzidza zvidzidzo zveIretskaya zvakakwana ... "

Kutotora chikamu mukuita kwemudzidzi "Fidelio" naBeethoven musi waKukadzi 9, 1891 kwakakwevera pfungwa dzenyanzvi kumuimbi wechidiki uyo akaita chikamu chaLeonora. Vaongorori vakacherechedza "chikoro chakanaka uye kunzwisisa kwemimhanzi", "inzwi rakasimba uye rakadzidziswa zvakanaka", richiratidza kushayikwa kwe "mukukwanisa kugara pachikuva".

Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory, Nadezhda, akokwa naAG Rubinstein anoita rwendo rwekoniti kuGermany. Ipapo anoenda kuParis - kuvandudza naM. Marchesi.

Basa raZabela rakatanga muna 1893 muKyiv, paI.Ya. Setov. MuKyiv, anoita mabasa aNedda (Leoncavallo's Pagliacci), Elizabeth (Wagner's Tannhäuser), Mikaela (Bizet's Carmen), Mignon (Thomas 'Mignon), Tatiana (Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin), Gorislava (Ruslan naLyudmila" naGlinka), Matambudziko ("Nero" naRubinstein).

Chakanyanya kucherechedzwa ibasa raMarguerite (Gounod's Faust), imwe yeakanyanya kuomarara uye anoburitsa pachena muma opera classics. Achigara achishanda pamufananidzo waMargarita, Zabela anoidudzira zvakanyanya uye zvine hungwaru. Heino imwe yeongororo kubva kuKyiv: "Ms. Zabela, watakasangana naye kekutanga mumutambo uyu, akagadzira mufananidzo wedetembo wakadai, aive akanaka zvisingaite mukutaura, zvekuti kubva pakuonekwa kwake kwekutanga pachikuva muchiitiko chechipiri uye kubva kune chekutanga asi chinyorwa chekuvhura kwake. achidzokorora, akaimbwa zvisingaite, kusvika pachiitiko chekupedzisira mugomba rechiito chekupedzisira, akatora pfungwa nemaitiro eruzhinji.

Mushure meKyiv, Zabela akaita muTiflis, uko repertoire yake yaisanganisira mabasa aGilda (Verdi's Rigoletto), Violetta (Verdi's La Traviata), Juliet (Gounod's Romeo naJuliet), Inea (Meyerbeer's African), Tamara (Dhimoni" naRubinstein). , Maria ("Mazepa" naTchaikovsky), Lisa ("The Queen of Spades" naTchaikovsky).

Muna 1896, Zabela akaita muSt. Petersburg, paPanaevsky Theater. Pane imwe yedzokorodzo yaHansel naGretel yaHumperdinck, Nadezhda Ivanovna akasangana nomurume wake wenguva yemberi. Heano matauriro akaita iye amene nezvazvo: “Ndakashamiswa uye ndakatovhunduka kuti mumwe murume akamhanyira kwandiri uye, achitsvoda ruoko rwangu, akati: “Inzwi rinofadza!” TS Lyubatovich akakurumidza kundisuma: "Mumhanzi wedu Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel" - akati kwandiri parutivi: "Munhu anowedzera, asi ane hunhu."

Mushure mekutanga kweHansel naGretel, Zabela akaunza Vrubel kumba kwaGe, kwaaigara ipapo. Hanzvadzi yake "yakaona kuti Nadia neimwe nzira aive mudiki uye ainakidza, uye akaziva kuti izvi zvaive nekuda kwemweya werudo uyo uyu Vrubel wakamutenderedza." Vrubel gare gare akati “dai akamuramba, angadai akazviuraya.”

Musi waChikunguru 28, 1896, muchato waZabela naVrubel wakaitika muSwitzerland. Muroora achangobva kuchata anofara akanyorera hanzvadzi yake, kuti: “MuMikh[ail Alexandrovich] ndinowana kunaka kutsva zuva nezuva; chekutanga, munyoro uye ane mutsa zvisina kujairika, anongobata-bata, kunze, ndinogara ndichinakidzwa uye zvinoshamisa nyore naye. Ini zvechokwadi ndinotenda mukugona kwake maererano nekuimba, achandibatsira zvakanyanya, uye zvinoita sekunge ndichakwanisa kumufurira.

Sezvo anonyanya kudiwa, Zabela akasarudza basa raTatiana muEugene Onegin. Akaimba kekutanga muKyiv, muTiflis akasarudza chikamu ichi kuti abatsire, uye muKharkov nokuda kwekutanga kwake. M. Dulova, zvino muimbi wechidiki, akataura nezvekuonekwa kwake kwekutanga pachikuva cheKharkov Opera Theatre musi waGunyana 18, 1896 mundangariro dzake: "Nadezhda Ivanovna akaita fungidziro inofadza kune wese: nechitarisiko chake, chipfeko, chimiro ... Tatyana – Zabela. Nadezhda Ivanovna akanga akanaka chaizvo uye akatsvinda. Mutambo "Onegin" wakanakisa. Tarenda yake yakabudirira paMamontov Theatre, kwaakakokwa naSavva Ivanovich mumatsutso a1897 nemurume wake. Nenguva isipi kwaiva nemusangano wake nemimhanzi yeRimsky-Korsakov.

Kwenguva yokutanga, Rimsky-Korsakov akanzwa muimbi musi waDecember 30, 1897 muchikamu cheVolkhova muSadko. “Munogona kufungidzira kushushikana kwandakaita, ndichitaura pamberi pemunyori mumutambo wakaoma kudaro,” akadaro Zabela. Zvisinei, kutya kwacho kwakava kuwedzeredzwa. Mushure memufananidzo wechipiri, ndakasangana naNikolai Andreevich uye ndakagamuchira mvumo yakakwana kubva kwaari.

Mufananidzo weVolkhova waienderana nehunhu hwemuimbi. Ossovsky akanyora kuti: “Paanoimba, zvinoita sekunge zviratidzo zvisingabatanidzwe zvinofamba uye zvinotsvairwa pamberi pemeso ako, zvinyoro uye… zvinenge zvisinganzwisisike ...

Rimsky-Korsakov pachake, mushure meSadko, anonyorera kumuimbi kuti: "Chokwadi, iwe wakanyora Gungwa reGungwa, kuti iwe wakasika mufananidzo wake mukuimba uye pachikuva, izvo zvichagara newe nokusingaperi mukufungidzira kwangu ..."

Nokukurumidza Zabela-Vrubel akatanga kunzi "Korsakov muimbi". Akave protagonist mukugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi hwakadaro naRimsky-Korsakov seThe Pskovite Woman, May Night, The Snow Maiden, Mozart naSalieri, The Tsar's Bride, Vera Sheloga, The Tale of Tsar Saltan, "Koschei the Deathless".

Rimsky-Korsakov haana kuvanza ukama hwake nemuimbi. Nezve Musikana wePskov, akati: "Kazhinji, ndinoona Olga sebasa rako rakanakisa, kunyangwe ndisina kana kupihwa chiokomuhomwe nekuvapo kwaChaliapin pachikuva." Kune chikamu cheSnow Maiden, Zabela-Vrubel akagamuchirawo rumbidzo yepamusoro yemunyori: "Handisati ndambonzwa rwiyo rwakadai rwakaimbwa rweSnow Maiden saNadezhda Ivanovna."

Rimsky-Korsakov akabva anyora zvimwe zverudo rwake uye mabasa ezvekuvhiya zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwekuita zveZabela-Vrubel. Pano zvakakosha kutumidza Vera ("Boyarina Vera Sheloga"), uye Swan Princess ("The Tale of Tsar Saltan"), uye Princess Beloved Beauty ("Koschei the Immortal"), uye, zvechokwadi, Marfa, mu "Mwenga waTsar".

Musi waGumiguru 22, 1899, The Tsar's Mwenga akatanga. Mumutambo uyu, zvinhu zvakanakisisa zvetarenda raZabela-Vrubel zvakaonekwa. Hazvishamisi kuti vanhu vemazuva ano vaimudana kuti muimbi wemweya wechikadzi, zviroto zvechikadzi zvakanyarara, rudo uye kusuwa. Uye panguva imwecheteyo, kuchena kwekristaro yeinjiniya inonzwika, kujeka kwekristaro yetimbre, hunyoro hunokosha hwe cantilena.

Mutsoropodzi I. Lipaev akanyora kuti: “Ms. Zabela akave Marfa akanaka, azere nekufamba kwakapfava, kuzvininipisa senjiva, uye nezwi rake, rinodziya, rinoratidza, risinganyadziswi nekukwirira kwepati, zvese zvakatorwa moyo nemimhanzi uye runako ... Zabela haaenzaniswi mumifananidzo Dunyasha, naLykov, uko zvese zvaanazvo rudo uye tariro yeramangwana rakanaka, uye zvakatonyanya kunaka muchiitiko chekupedzisira, apo potion yatove nechepfu kune varombo uye nhau yekuurayiwa kwaLykov inomupengesa. Uye kazhinji, Marfa akawana muimbi asingawanzo mumunhu weZabela.

Mhinduro kubva kune mumwe mutsoropodzi, Kashkin: “Zabela anoimba [yaMartha] aria zvinokatyamadza. Huwandu uhu hunoda nzira dzakasarudzika dzekutaura, uye kashoma vaimbi vazhinji vane mezza voche inoyevedza murejista yepamusoro sezvo Zabela anoshamisira. Zvakaoma kufungidzira iyi aria yakaimbwa zviri nani. Chiitiko uye aria yaMartha anopenga yakaitwa naZabela nenzira isingawanzobatanidzi uye yenhetembo, ine pfungwa huru yekuenzana. Engel akarumbidzawo kuimba nekuridza kwaZabela achiti: “Marfa [Zabela] anga akanaka kwazvo, inzwi rake rinodziya uye rinobata-bata raiva inzwi rake uye mukuridza kwake pachikuva! Kazhinji, basa idzva rakanga rinenge rakabudirira zvachose kune mutambi; anoshandisa chinenge chikamu chose mune imwe mhando yemezza voche, kunyange pazvinyorwa zvepamusoro, izvo zvinopa Marfa kuti halo yehunyoro, kuzvininipisa uye kurega kumagumo, izvo, ndinofunga, zvakatorwa mukufungidzira kwemudetembi.

Zabela-Vrubel ari pachinzvimbo chaMarita akafarira zvikuru OL Knipper, uyo akanyorera Chekhov kuti: “Nezuro ndakanga ndiri ku opera, ndakateerera kuMwenga waTsar kechipiri. Mumhanzi unoshamisa, wakajeka, unofadza zvakadini! Uye zvinoyevedza uye zviri nyore Marfa Zabela anoimba nekutamba. Ndakachema zvakanyanya muchiitiko chekupedzisira - akandibata. Zvinoshamisa kuti anongotungamira chiitiko chekupenga, izwi rake rakajeka, rakakwirira, rakapfava, kwete kana noti imwe chete inonzwika, uye mabheji. Mufananidzo wose waMarita uzere nekunyorova, kuimba, kuchena - hazvibvi mumusoro mangu. ”

Ehe, Zabela's operatic repertoire haina kuganhurirwa kumimhanzi yemunyori weThe Tsar's Bride. Aive akanakisa Antonida muIvan Susanin, akaimba zvine moyo Iolanta muOpera yaTchaikovsky yezita rimwe chetero, akatobudirira mumufananidzo waMimi muPuccini's La Boheme. Uye zvakadaro, vakadzi veRussia veRimsky-Korsakov vakamutsa mhinduro huru mumweya wake. Icho chimiro chekuti rudo rwake rwakagadzirawo hwaro hwekamuri repertoire yeZabela-Vrubel.

Muchiitiko chinosuruvarisa chemuimbi pane chimwe chinhu kubva kune heroines yeRimsky-Korsakov. Muzhizha ra1901, Nadezhda Ivanovna aiva nemwanakomana, Savva. Asi makore maviri gare gare akarwara ndokufa. Kuwedzera kune izvi kwaiva kurwara nepfungwa kwomurume wake. Vrubel akafa muna Kubvumbi 1910. Uye basa rake rekugadzira pacharo, kunyanya yemitambo, rakanga rakapfupika zvisina kunaka. Mushure memakore mashanu emitambo yakanakisa padanho reMoscow Private Opera, kubva 1904 kusvika 1911 Zabela-Vrubel akashanda paMariinsky Theatre.

Mariinsky Theatre yakanga ine nhanho yepamusoro yehunyanzvi, asi yakashaya mamiriro ekupemberera uye rudo akatonga muMamontov Theatre. MF Gnesin akanyora neshungu kuti: “Pandakambosvika kuimba yemitambo kuSadko nekutora chikamu kwake, handina kukwanisa kuita kunze kwekugumburwa nekusaonekwa kwake mumutambo. Chitarisiko chake, uye kuimba kwake, zvakanga zvichiri kundifadza, asi, kana zvichienzaniswa nepakutanga, zvakanga zvakaita semvura yakapfava uye isina kusimba, inongoyeuchidza mufananidzo wakapendwa nependi yemafuta. Pamusoro pezvo, nzvimbo yake yechikuva yakanga isina nhetembo. Kuoma kunowanikwa mune zvigadzirwa mumatunhu emitambo kwainzwika mune zvese.

Panhandare yeumambo, haana kumbowana mukana wekuita chikamu cheFevronia muRimsky-Korsakov's opera The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh. Uye vemazuva ano vanoti pamutambo wekonzati chikamu ichi chakanzwika zvakanaka kwaari.

Asi manheru ekamuri yeZabela-Vrubel yakaramba ichikwezva kutarisa kwechokwadi connoisseurs. konzati yake yokupedzisira yakaitika muna June 1913, uye July 4, 1913 Nadezhda Ivanovna akafa.