Koto: tsananguro yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, nhoroondo, mhando, kushandiswa, kutamba maitiro

MuJapan, chiridzwa chakasarudzika chakadzurwa koto chave chichishandiswa kubvira kare. Mamwe mazita ayo ekare akadaro, kana Japanese zither. Tsika yekutamba koto inodzokera kunhoroondo yemhuri yakakurumbira yeJapan Fujiwara.

Chii chinonzi koto

Zvinotendwa kuti chiridzwa chemimhanzi chakagamuchirwa nemaJapan kubva kutsika yeChinese, iyo ine qin yakafanana. Koto chiridzwa chenyika chakakurumbira cheJapan. Kazhinji mumhanzi wacho unoperekedzwa nekuridzwa kwenyere inonzi shakuhachi, mutinhimira wacho unotsigirwa nengoma yetsuzumi.

Kune zviridzwa zvakafanana mutsika dzakasiyana dzepasi. MuKorea, vanotamba komungo yekare, muVietnam, danchan inozivikanwa. Hama dziri kure dzinosanganisira kantele yakadzurwa kubva kuFinland uye gusli yechiSlavic yechinyakare.

Tool mudziyo

Kwenguva yakareba yekuvapo, dhizaini haina kunyatsochinja. Paulownia, muti unowanikwa kumabvazuva, unoshandiswa pakugadzira. Ihuni dzemhando yepamusoro uye hunyanzvi hwemuvezi hunoratidza kunaka kwekototi yekuJapan. Nzvimbo dzepamusoro hadziwanzoshongedzwa nekuwedzera zvishongo.

Kureba kunosvika 190 cm, dhizaini inowanzoita 24 cm yakafara. Chiridzwa chacho chihombe uye chine huremu hwakakomba. Mhando dzakawanda dzinoiswa pasi, asi dzimwe dzinogona kukwana pamabvi ako.

Sezvineiwo, maJapan akabatanidza deku nengano dzechinyakare uye zvitendero zvechitendero, nekudaro vachiipa mifananidzo. Deca inofananidzwa neshato yakarara pamahombekombe. Chinenge chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine zita rayo: kumusoro kunobatanidzwa negoko reshato, pasi nedumbu rayo.

Tambo dzine zita rakasiyana. Tambo dzekutanga dzinoverengwa dzichitevedzana, tambo nhatu dzekupedzisira dzinonzi hunhu hunobva mudzidziso dzechiConfucius. Munguva dzekare, tambo dzakagadzirwa nesilika, iye zvino vaimbi vanotamba panylon kana polyester-viscose.

Makomba anogadzirwa mudheki, nekuda kwavo zviri nyore kuchinja tambo, resonance yezwi inovandudza. Chimiro chavo chinoenderana nerudzi rwekoto.

Kuti ubvise ruzha, mapikicha anokosha etsume kubva panyanga yenzou anoshandiswa. Manozzles anoiswa paminwe. Nekubatsira kwavo, ruzha rwakapfuma uye rune muto runotorwa.

History

Kuuya kubva kuChina munguva yeNara, chiridzwa chakakurumidza kuwana mukurumbira pakati pevakuru veJapan. Hunhu hwemumhanzi wegagaku unoridzwa nevanoimba palace. Chikonzero nei maChinese qixianqin akagamuchira tsamba "koto" muchiJapan hazvizivikanwe.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, yakapararira ikava inosungirwa padzidzo mumhuri dzevakuru. Yakanga yakakurumbira munguva yeHeian, ikava nzira yevaraidzo uye yekuvaraidza munharaunda yepamusoro yeJapan. Nokufamba kwemakore, chiridzwa chacho chave chichipararira uye chakakurumbira. Mabhuku ekutanga akaonekwa asina kunyorerwa kushanda kwedare.

Mune yakatevera nguva yeEdo, masitaera akasiyana uye marudzi ekutamba akazvarwa. Mune inotonga dare dhizaini, sokyoku, mabasa akakamurwa kuita subgenres - tsukushi, yakanangana nekuita mumatunhu epamusoro, uye zokuso, mimhanzi yeamateurs uye vanhuwo zvavo. Vaimbi vanodzidza maitiro muzvikoro zvitatu zvikuru zveJapan zither playing: Ikuta, Yamada uye Yatsuhashi zvikoro.

Muzana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, rudzi rwe sankyoku rwakave rwakakurumbira. Mimhanzi yakaitwa pazviridzwa zvitatu: koto, shamisen, shakuhachi. Vaimbi vanowanzoedza kubatanidza zither yekuJapan nezviridzwa zvemazuva ano zvekuMadokero.

Mhando

Mhando dzinowanzogadziriswa nekunze kwekunze: chimiro chedhiketi, maburi, tsume. Kurongeka kunotora mundangariro kuti ndedzipi mhando dzemimhanzi kana zvikoro chiridzwa chakashandiswa.

Munguva yemhando yekare yegagaku, rudzi rwegakuso rwakashandiswa; kureba kwayo kunosvika 190 cm. Muchinyakare chechinyakare mhando yesokyoku, iyo yakapotsa yanyangarika munguva yedu, mhando mbiri huru dzakashandiswa: tsukushi uye zokuso.

Zvichienderana nezokuso, koto yaIkuta uye koto yaYamada (yakagadzirwa muzana ramakore rechigumi nenomwe nevaimbi Ikuta naYamada Kangyo, zvichiteerana) dzakagadzirwa. Koto yeIkuta yagara ine bhodhi rekurira 177 cm kureba, koto yeYamada inosvika 182 cm uye ine ruzha rwakafara.

Shinsō, marudzi emazuva ano ekoto, akagadzirwa nemuimbi ane tarenda Michio Miyagi muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Kune mhando nhatu huru: 80-tambo, 17-tambo, tanso (pfupi koto).

kushandisa

Iyo zither yeJapan inoshandiswa zvese muzvikoro zvechinyakare nemhando uye mumimhanzi yemazuva ano. Vaimbi vanodzidza pazvikoro zvikuru zvinotamba - Ikuta-ryu uye Yamada-ryu. Iyo zither inosanganiswa nezvose zvechinyakare uye zvemazuva ano zviridzwa.

Inonyanya kushandiswa ndeye 17-tambo uye koto pfupi. Magadzirirwo avo ane mashoma anorema paramita, kusiyana nemamwe. Zviridzwa zviri nyore kufamba uye kutakura, uye tanso inogona kuiswa pamakumbo ako.

Play technique

Zvichienderana nemhando uye chikoro, muimbi anogara akachinjika-makumbo kana pazvitsitsinho zvake pachiridzwa. Ngatisimudze ibvi rimwe. Muviri wemuviri unoiswa pakona chaiyo kana diagonally. Pamakonzati muhoro dzemazuva ano, koto inokwidziridzwa pachigadziko, muimbi anogara pabhenji.

Mabhiriji - kotoji - akafanorongedzerwa kugadzira makiyi anodiwa. Kotoji dzakagadzirwa nenyanga dzenzou. Inzwi rinobudiswa nerubatsiro rwepamusoro-nozzles - tsume.