Gina Bachauer |

Gina Bachauer

Muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi20, kutaridzika kwevaridzi vepiyano vechikadzi kwakanga kusati kwakajairika sezvazvakaita iye zvino, munguva ye "kusunungurwa" kwevakadzi mumakwikwi enyika. Asi kubvumirwa kwavo muupenyu hwemakonzati kwakava chiitiko chinonyanya kuoneka. Pakati pevakasarudzwa paiva naGina Bachauer, ane vabereki, vaibva kuAustria, vaigara kuGreece. Kwemakore anopfuura 40 akachengetedza nzvimbo inokudzwa pakati pevatambi vekoniti. Nzira yake yekuenda kumusoro haina kuzara nemarozi - katatu aive aine, kutaura zvazviri, kutanga patsva.

Mumhanzi wekutanga wemusikana ane makore mashanu piyano yekutambisa yaakapihwa naamai vake paKisimusi. Nenguva isipi yakatsiviwa nepiyano chaiyo, uye pazera remakore masere akapa konzati yake yokutanga muguta rokumusha kwake - Athens. Makore maviri gare gare, wechidiki piano akaridza Arthur Rubinstein, uyo akamurayira kuti adzidze zvakanyanya mumhanzi. Makore ezvidzidzo akatevera - kutanga paAthens Conservatory, iyo yaakapedza nemenduru yegoridhe mukirasi yaV. Fridman, ipapo paEcole Normal muParis naA. Cortot.

Asina nguva yekumuita debut muParis, piano akamanikidzwa kudzokera kumba, sezvo baba vake vakashaya. Kuti atsigire mhuri yake, aifanira kumbokanganwa nezvebasa rake reunyanzvi ndokutanga kudzidzisa piyano paAthens Conservatory. Gina akachengetedza chimiro chake chepiyano asina chivimbo chakanyanya chekuti aizokwanisa kupa makonzati zvakare. Asi muna 1933 akaedza rombo rake pamakwikwi epiyano muVienna uye akahwina menduru yerukudzo. Mumakore maviri akatevera, akava nerombo rakanaka rokukurukura naSergei Rachmaninov uye kushandisa zano rake zvakarongeka muParis neSwitzerland. Uye muna 1935, Bachauer akaita kekutanga semupiyano nyanzvi muAthens aine orchestra yaiitwa naD. Mitropoulos. Guta guru reGreece panguva iyoyo raionekwa sedunhu maererano nehupenyu hwetsika, asi runyerekupe rwemupiyano ane tarenda rwakatanga kupararira zvishoma nezvishoma. Muna 1937, akaita muParis naPierre Monte, ndokupa makonzati mumaguta eFrance neItaly, akagamuchira kukokwa kuti aite munzvimbo dzakawanda dzetsika dzeMiddle East.

Kutanga kweHondo Yenyika uye kutorwa kweGreece nevaNazi kwakamanikidza muimbi kutizira kuEgypt. Mukati memakore ehondo, Bachauer haangovhiringidzi basa rake chete, asi, pane kudaro, anorimutsa munzira dzose dzinobvira; akapa makonzati anopfuura 600 emasoja nevakuru vakuru vemauto akabatana akarwa nevaNazi muAfrica. Asi chete pashure pokunge fascism akundwa, piano akatanga basa rake kechitatu. Mukupera kwema 40s, vateereri vakawanda vekuEurope vakasangana naye, uye muna 1950 akaimba muU.S. Kubva ipapo, Bachauer akagara muAmerica, kwaaifarira mukurumbira wakawanda: imba yemuimbi yakachengeta makiyi ekufananidzira kumaguta mazhinji eUS, akapihwa kwaari nevateereri vanoonga. Aigara achishanyira Greece, kwaairemekedzwa semuimbi mukuru wepiyano munhoroondo yenyika, akaitwa muEurope neLatin America; Vateereri veScandinavia vachayeuka makonti ake akabatanidzwa neSoviet conductor Konstantin Ivanov.

Mukurumbira waGina Bachauer waive wakavakirwa pamavambo asina kupokana, kutsva uye, zvinokatyamadza sezvazvinganzwika, zvechinyakare zvekutamba kwake. “Haakodzeri muchikoro chipi nechipi,” akanyora kudaro nyanzvi yokuridza piyano saHarold Schonberg. “Mukusiyana nevaimbi vepiyano vakawanda vemazuva ano, akatanga kuva munhu ane rudo, shasha isina mubvunzo; saHorowitz, iye ari atavism. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, repertoire yake yakakura zvisina kujairika, uye anotamba vanyori avo, kutaura chaiko, havakwanise kunzi romantics. Vatsoropodzi veGerman vakatiwo Bachauer "airidza piyano muchimiro chikuru chetsika yehunyoro yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX."

Zvechokwadi, paunoteerera kune zvakarekodhwa zvepiyano, dzimwe nguva zvinoratidzika sekuti "akazvarwa akanonoka". Zvaiita sekunge zvese zvakawanikwa, zvese zvepasi rose zvepiyano, zvakanyanya, hunyanzvi hwekuita hwakamupfuura. Asi wobva waona kuti izvi zvakare zvine runako rwayo uye mavambo ayo, kunyanya kana muimbi aita makonsati makuru eBeethoven kana Brahms pamwero mukuru. Nokuti haigoni kurambwa kutendeseka, nyore, intuitive pfungwa yemaitiro uye chimiro, uye panguva imwechete kwete "chikadzi" simba uye chiyero. Hakushamisi kuti Howard Taubman akanyora mu<em>The New York Times, achihwirudzura imwe yemakonzati aBachauer, kuti: “Mirangariro yake inobva pamanyorerwo akaitwa basa racho, uye kwete kubva papfungwa idzodzo pamusoro paro dzakasumwa kubva kunze. Ane simba rakawanda zvekuti, achikwanisa kupa kuzara kwese kunodiwa kweruzha, anokwanisa kutamba zviri nyore uye, kunyangwe mukupedzisira ane chisimba, chengetedza tambo yakajeka yekubatanidza.

Hunhu hwakanaka hwemupiyano hwakaratidzwa murepertoire yakakura kwazvo. Akatamba akawanda emabasa - kubva kuBach, Haydn, Mozart kusvika kune venguva yedu, pasina, mumashoko ake, mamwe mafambiro. Asi zvakakosha kuziva kuti repertoire yake yaisanganisira mabasa mazhinji akagadzirwa muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kubva kuRachmaninov's Third Concerto, iyo yaionekwa seimwe ye "bhiza" remupiyano, kusvika kuzvidimbu zvepiyano naShostakovich. Bachauer ndiye wekutanga mutambi wemakonsati naArthur Bliss naMikis Theodorakis, uye akawanda mabasa nevanyori vechidiki. Ichi chokwadi chega chinotaura nezvekugona kwake kuona, kuda uye kusimudzira mimhanzi yemazuva ano.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.