Mumhanzi wekuyedza |
mimhanzi yekuedza (kubva ku lat. experimentum - test, experience) - mimhanzi yakaitwa kuitira kuedza zvinyorwa zvitsva. matekiniki, mamiriro matsva ekuita, zvinhu zvisina kujairika zvinonzwika, etc. Pfungwa yeE. m. isingaperi; inosangana nemashoko akadai sekuti "kutsvaga kwekusika", "innovation", "chiitiko chekushinga" kana (nechirevo chisina kunaka) "nzira yakave isina tariro". Hukama hwepfungwa idzi uye mharadzano yadzo inonyima izwi rekuti “E. m." miganhu yakajeka uye yekusingaperi. Kazhinji, mabasa anoonekwa seE.m., nekufamba kwenguva, anopinda mukuita maitiro uye orasikirwa neawo epakutanga. kubata kwekuyedza ("atonality" muLiszt's Bagatelle Pasina Kiyi, 1885; kufamba kwejira reruzha muchidimbu cheIves chekamuri yemubatanidzwa Mubvunzo Usina Kupindurwa, 1908; iyo yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya dodecaphonic chimiro muWebern's miniature Orchestral Piece No. 1, 1913 ; "piyano yakagadzirira" muCage's Bacchanalia, 1938, nezvimwewo). Miedzo-majee anogona zvakare kuverengerwa kuna E. m., semuenzaniso. mimhanzi yakanyorwa maererano nemabikirwo ebhuku nemudzidzi waBach Kirnberger "The Hourly Ready Writer of Polonaises and Minuets" (1757) kana bhuku rakanzi naMozart "Nhungamiro Yekugadzira Waltzes mune Chero Chimiro Uchishandisa Madhayi Maviri, Pasina Kuve Nekapfungwa Kadiki." yeMumhanzi uye Kuumbwa" (1793).
Muma50s. 20th century Concrete mimhanzi, mimhanzi yemagetsi, yainyanya kunzi mimhanzi yemagetsi (mu1958, muvambi wemimhanzi yekongiri, P. Schaeffer, akatungamira Mutambo Wekutanga Wenyika Dzekuedzwa muParis). Sei E.m. fungawo, semuenzaniso, kuumbwa kwechiedza uye mimhanzi (mwenje mimhanzi), mimhanzi yemuchina.
Kuedza kwemimhanzi. art-ve, kugadzira kunzwa kwekupenya uye hutsva hwehunyanzvi. kugamuchirwa, hakuwanzo kutungamira kune mhedzisiro yakakwana, saka vaimbi vanowanzove vasina chokwadi nezvaE.m.: "Kuedza kunoreva chimwe chinhu musainzi, asi hazvireve chinhu mu (mumhanzi) kuumbwa" (IF Stravinsky, 1971, p. 281).
References: Zaripov R. Kh., Ural melodies (panzira yekugadzira mimhanzi neUral electronic computer), Knowledge is Power, 1961, No 2; yake pachake, Cybernetics nemimhanzi, M., 1963, 1971; Galeev B., Scriabin uye kuvandudzwa kwepfungwa yemimhanzi inooneka, mu: Music and Modernity, vol. 6, M., 1969; yake pachake, Chiedza mimhanzi: kuumbwa uye musimboti weunyanzvi hutsva, Kazan, 1976; Kirnberger J. Ph., Der allezeit fertige Polonoisend- und Menuettecomponist, B., 1757; Vers une musique experimentale, "RM", 1957, Numéro spécial (236); Patkowski J., Zzagadnien muzyki eksperimentalnej, "Muzyka", 1958, rok 3, no 4; Stravinsky I., Craft R., Kukurukurirana naIgor Stravinsky, NY, 1959 (shanduro yeRussian - Stravinsky I., Dialogues ..., L., 1971); Cage J., Zur Geschichte der experimentellen Musik in den Vereinigten Staaten, “Darmstädter Beiträge zur neuen Musik”, 2, 1959; Hiller LA, Isaacson LM, Experimental music, NY, 1959; Moles A., Les musiques experimentales, P.-Z.-Bruz., 1960; Kohoutek C., Novodobé skladebné teorie západoevropské hudby, Praha, 1962, pasi pemusoro wekuti: Novodobé skladebné smery v hudbe, Praha, 1965 (shanduro yechiRussian - Kohoutek Ts., Technique of Composition 1976, Mth 1975 Mumhanzi we Century XNUMX ; Schdffer B., Maly muzyki XX wieku, Kr., XNUMX. Onawo lit. pasi pezvinyorwa Concrete music, Electronic music.
Yu. N. Kholopov
