Etienne Mehul |

Etienne Mehul

"Vanokwikwidza vanodada newe, zera rako rinokuyemura, zvizvarwa zvinokudana." Aya ndiwo mataurirwo anoitwa Megül neakararama panguva iyoyo, munyori weMarseillaise, Rouget de Lisle. L. Cherubini anotsaurira kune waanoshanda naye chisikwa chakanakisa - opera "Medea" - ine chinyorwa: "Citizen Megul." "Netsigiro yake uye ushamwari," sokubvuma kunoita Megül pachake, akaremekedzwa nemushanduri mukuru wenhandare yeopera KV Gluck. Iyo yekugadzira uye yemagariro chiitiko chemuimbi yakapihwa Order yeLegion of Honor, yakagamuchirwa kubva mumaoko aNapoleon. Kuti murume uyu aireva zvakadii kurudzi rweFrance - mumwe weanoridza mimhanzi yeGreat French Revolution yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX - zvakaratidzwa nemariro aMegul, izvo zvakakonzera kuratidzwa kukuru.

Megül akaita nhanho dzake dzekutanga mumhanzi pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemuimbi wepanzvimbo. Kubva 1775, muabbey yeLa Vale-Dieu, pedyo neGivet, akawana dzidzo yenguva dzose yemimhanzi, inotungamirirwa naV. Ganzer. Pakupedzisira, muna 1779, atova muParis, akapedza dzidzo yake achitungamirirwa naGluck naF. Edelman. Musangano wekutanga naGluck, wakatsanangurwa naMegül pachake sechiitiko chinosetsa, chakaitika muchidzidzo chemushanduri, apo muimbi wechidiki akapinda muchivande kuti aone kuti muimbi mukuru anoshanda sei.

Hupenyu nebasa reMegül zvakabatana zvakanyanya nezviitiko zvetsika uye zvenhoroondo zvakaitika muParis mukupera kwe1793th uye kutanga kwe1790th mazana emakore. Nguva yeChimurenga yakaronga chimiro chemumhanzi wemimhanzi uye zvemagariro zviitiko zvemuimbi. Pamwe chete nevaairarama navo vane mbiri F. Gossec, J. Lesueur, Ch. Catel, A. Burton, A. Jaden, B. Sarret, anogadzira mimhanzi yemhemberero nemafaro eChimurenga. Megül akasarudzwa senhengo yeMusic Guard (orchestra yaSarret), akasimudzira basa reNational Music Institute kubva pazuva rekuvambwa kwayo (XNUMX) uye gare gare, nekushandurwa kweInstitute kuita imba yekuchengetedza, akadzidzisa kirasi yekunyora. . MumaXNUMXs anenge ese akawanda maopera ake anomuka. Mumakore eHumambo hweNapoleonic uye Kudzoreredzwa kwakatevera, Megül akawana pfungwa inoramba ichiwedzera yekusafarira kwekugadzira, kurasikirwa nekufarira mumagariro evanhu. Inogarwa chete nevadzidzi vezvekuchengetedza (mukuru pakati pavo ndiye munyori weopera F. Herold) uye ... maruva. Megül anofarira maruva, anozivikanwa muParis seanoyevedza connoisseur uye murimi we tulips.

Megül's musical heritage yakakura. Inosanganisira 45 operas, 5 ballets, mimhanzi yemitambo inoshamisa, cantatas, 2 symphonies, piano uye violin sonatas, nhamba huru yezwi uye orchestral mabasa mumhando yenziyo dzenziyo dzakawanda. Megül's operas uye nziyo dzakawanda dzakapinda munhoroondo yemimhanzi tsika. Mumaopera ake akanakisa uye enziyo dzenziyo (Ephrosine naCoraden - 1790, Stratonika - 1792, Joseph - 1807), munyori anotevera nzira yakatsanangurwa nevaakararama panguva yake - makirasi eopera Gretry, Monsigny, Gluck. Megül ndomumwe wekutanga kuburitsa nemumhanzi chirongwa chekunakidzwa, nyika yakaoma uye ine simba yemanzwiro evanhu, misiyano yavo uye mazano makuru emagariro uye kukakavara kweNguva yeChimurenga kwakavanzwa kuseri kweizvi zvese. Zvisikwa zvaMegül zvakakunda nemutauro wemazuva ano wemumhanzi: kureruka kwayo uye hukasha, kuvimba nerwiyo nekutamba masosi anozivikanwa kune wese munhu, akajeka uye panguva imwe chete anoshamisa nuances yeorchestral uye choral ruzha.

Chimiro chaMegül chakatorwawo zvakajeka mumhando yedemocracy yerwiyo rwema1790s, ayo maitirwo nemanzwi zvakapinda mumapeji emitambo yaMegül nemasymphonies. Idzi ndidzo "Rwiyo rweKurume" (risiri pasi pemukurumbira we "La Marseillaise" pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX), "Rwiyo rweKudzoka, Rwiyo rweKukunda." Mumwe akwegura akararama panguva yaBeethoven, Megul aitarisira kukura kwemwanakomana, hunyoro hune simba hwemimhanzi yaBeethoven, uye nekubatana kwake uye kuimba, mimhanzi yechizvarwa chechidiki chevanyori, vamiririri vekutanga rudo.

V. Ilyeva