Dissonance |

Dissonance (French dissonance, kubva muchiLatin dissono - I sound out of tune) - inzwi rematoni "asingabatanidzi" kune mumwe nemumwe (haafaniri kuonekwa ne dissonance sezwi rinonakidza risingagamuchirwi, kureva, ne cacophony). Pfungwa ye "D." rinoshandiswa zvinopesana nekonsonanti. D. inosanganisira masekonzi makuru nemadiki uye manomwe, matatu, uye mamwe magnifications. uye kuderedza nguva, pamwe chete nechords dzose dzinosanganisira imwe yeiyi nguva. Yakachena yechina - isina kugadzikana yakakwana consonance - inodudzirwa se dissonance kana inzwi rayo rezasi rakaiswa mumabhasi.

Musiyano uripo pakati pekonsonanti neD. unoonekwa muzvikamu zvina: masvomhu, emuviri (acoustic), physiological, uye mumhanzi-wepfungwa. Kubva pamaonero aD. masvomhu ireshiyo yakaoma kunzwisisa yenhamba (vibrations, kureba kwetambo dzinorira) pane consonance. Semuenzaniso, pamakonzonenzi ese, chetatu chidiki chine reshiyo yakaoma kunzwisisa yenhamba dzekudengenyeka (4: 5), asi imwe neimwe yeD. yakatonyanya kuoma (yechinomwe diki ndi6:5 kana 9:9, iyo huru. chechipiri ndi16:8 kana 9:9, nezvimwewo). Acoustic, dissonance inoratidzwa mukuwedzera kwenguva dzekugara dzichidzokorora mapoka ekudengenyeka (semuenzaniso, nechikamu chechishanu che10: 3, kudzokorora kunoitika mushure mekudengenyeka kwe2, uye nediki yechinomwe - 2: 16 - mushure me9). pamwe chete nekukanganisika kwemukati. hukama mukati meboka. Kubva pane maonero aya, musiyano pakati pe consonance uye dissonance inongowanda (pamwe chete nepakati pezvipingamupinyi zvakasiyana-siyana), uye muganhu uri pakati pavo une chirevo. Kubva pakuona kwemimhanzi D. psychology mukuenzanisa ne consonance - inzwi rinowedzera zvakanyanya, risina kugadzikana, rinoratidza chido, kufamba. MuEuropean modal system yeMiddle Ages uye Renaissance, kunyanya mukati meakazotevera funkts. masisitimu ehukuru uye madiki, hunhu. musiyano uripo pakati pekonzonenzi nemasimba unosvika padanho rekupikisa, mutsauko, uye unoumba imwe yenheyo dzemitsi. kufunga. Chimiro chepasi chezwi reD. maererano nekonikoni inoratidzirwa mukushanduka kwechisikigo kweD. (chisarudzo chayo) mukonikoni inoenderana.

Muses. tsika yakagara ichifunga nezvekusiyana kwezvinhu zvekonsonanti uye D. Kusvikira muzana remakore rechi17. D. yakashandiswa, sekutonga, pasi pemamiriro ekuzviisa kwayo zvakakwana kune consonance - kugadzirira kwakarurama uye kugadzirisa (izvi zvinoshanda kunyanya kune inonzi polyphony ye "kunyora kwakasimba" kwezana remakore rechi15-16). Mumakore 17-19. mutemo waingova mvumo D. Kubva pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi19. uye kunyanya muzana remakore rechi20. D. iri kuwedzera kushandiswa yakazvimiririra-pasina kugadzirira uye pasina mvumo ("kusunungurwa" kweD.). Kurambidzwa kwe octave kupetwa kaviri mudodecaphony kunogona kunzwisiswa se kurambidza kupeta kaviri manzwi e dissonant mumamiriro ekuenderera mberi dissonance.

Проблема Д. yagara iri imwe yepakati pemamuseum. dzidziso. Theorists vekutanga Middle Ages vakakwereta pfungwa dzekare nezveD. (vakaisa kwete chete masekonzi uye yechinomwe, asiwo chetatu uye yechitanhatu). Kunyange Franco weCologne (zana ramakore rechi 13) akanyoresa muboka D. hombe nediki zvitanhatu (“imperfect D.”). Mumhanzi. dzidziso dzekupera kweMiddle Ages (12-13 mazana emakore) chikamu chetatu nechitanhatu chakarega kutorwa seD. и перешли в разряд консонансов («несовершенных»). Mune dzidziso yekupikisa "kunyora kwakasimba" 15-16 mazana emakore. D. inoonekwa seshanduko kubva kune imwe consonance kuenda kune imwe, uyezve, polygonal imwe. makonzonenzi anobatwa semisanganiswa yenguva dzakamira (punctus contra punctum); quart maererano nezwi rezasi inonzi D. Kudivi rinorema raD. inodudzirwa sechivharo chakagadzirirwa, pamapapu - sechipfuura kana chekubatsira. inzwi (pamwe chete necambiata). Kubva pakupera kwe16 in. dzidziso inosimbisa kunzwisisa kutsva kwaD. zvakakosha sei kutaura. zvinoreva (uye kwete chete nzira dzekudzikisa "kutapira" kwekonsonanti). AT. Garireya (“Il primo libro della prattica del contrapunto”, 1588-1591) inobvumira sumo isina kugadzirira naD. Munguva ye chord-harmonics. kufunga (17-19 mazana emakore), pfungwa itsva yaD. Kusiyanisa D. chordal (diatonic, non-diatonic) uye yakabva mukubatanidzwa kwemazwi asingaite neruzha. Maererano ne func. dzidziso yekubatana (M. Gauptman, G. Helmholtz, X. Риман), Д. kune "kuputswa kweconsonance" (Riemann). Kusanganiswa kwezwi rimwe nerimwe kunotariswa kubva pakuona kweimwe yemasikirwo maviri e "consonances" - makuru kana madiki symmetrical kwairi; mu tonality - kubva pakuona kwezvitatu zvakakosha. katatu - T, D uye S. Semuenzaniso, chord d1-f1-a1-c2 muC-dur ine matani matatu ari eiyo subdominant triad (f1-a1-c2) uye imwe yakawedzera toni d1. Всякий не входящий в состав данного осн. katatu toni ndiD. Kubva pakuona uku, manzwi asinganzwisisike anogonawo kuwanikwa mumakonzonenzi acoustically ("maginary consonances" maererano naRiemann, semuenzaniso: d1-f1-a1 muC-dur). Muruzha rwega rwega rwechipiri, kwete nguva yese iri dissonant, asi chete toni isingabatanidzwe mune imwe yemabhesi. matatu (semuenzaniso, muchinomwe d1-c2 muS C-dur dissonates d1, uye muD - c2; yechishanu e1 - h1 ichave yekufungidzira consonance muC-dur, sezvo h1 kana e1 ichave D. - muT kana D muC-dur). Vazhinji vedzidziso dzemuzana ramakore rechi20 vakaziva kuzvitonga kuzere kwaD. B. L. Yavorsky akabvuma kuvepo kweanopokana tonic, D. как устоя лада (по Яворскому, обычай завершать произведение консонирующим созвучием — «схоластические оковы» музыки). A. Schoenberg akaramba mutsauko wemhando pakati peD. uye consonance uye akadana D. kure kure consonances; kubva pane izvi akafungidzira mukana wekushandisa non-tertzian chords seakazvimirira. Kushandisa mahara chero D. zvichida muP. Hindemith, kunyange zvazvo achitaura mitemo yakawanda; Musiyano uripo pakati pekonzonenzi naD., maererano neHindemith, zvakare uwandu, makonzonenzi anoshanduka kuita D. Relativity D. uye consonance, yakadzokororwa zvakanyanya mumazuva ano. mimhanzi, nyanzvi dzemimhanzi dzeSoviet B. AT. Asafiev, Yu.

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Yu. H. Kholopov