Alto nyere: chii ichocho, kuumbwa, inzwi, kushandiswa

Nyere ndechimwe chezviridzwa zvekare kare. Munhau yose, zvipenyu zvaro zvitsva zvakaoneka uye zviri nani. Musiyano wakakurumbira wemazuva ano inyere inochinjika. Iyo yakachinjika inosanganisira akati wandei mamwe marudzi, imwe yacho inonzi alto.

Chii chinonzi alto flute?

Nyere yealto chiridzwa chinoridzwa nemhepo. Chikamu chemazuva ano chemhuri yemhuri. Chishandiso chacho chakagadzirwa nematanda. Iyo alto nyere inoratidzwa nepombi refu uye yakafara. Mavharuvhu ane dhizaini yakakosha. Paanenge achiridza nyere, muimbi anoshandisa kufema kwakanyanya kupfuura kuridza nyere.

Theobald Böhm, munyori wekuGermany, akava muvambi uye mugadziri wechiridzwa. Muna 1860, pazera remakore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu, Boehm akaigadzira maererano nehurongwa hwake. Muzana ramakore re66, iyo system yainzi Boehm Mechanics. Muna 1910, muimbi weItaly akagadzirisa chiridzwa kuti chipe yakaderera octave ruzha.

Chimiro chenyere chine marudzi maviri - "curved" uye "straight". Chimiro chakakombama chinodiwa nevatambi vadiki. Iyo isiri-yakajairwa fomu inoda kushoma kutambanudza maoko, kugadzira manzwiro ekureruka nekuda kwekuchinja kwepakati pegiravhiti pedyo nemuiti. Chimiro chakananga chinoshandiswa kakawanda nokuti chine ruzha rwakajeka.

sounding

Kazhinji chiridzwa chinonzwika muG uye F tuning - chikamu chakaderera pane zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa. Zvinokwanisika kutora zvinyorwa zvakakwirira, asi vanyori havawanzoshandisa izvi. Ruzha rwakanyanya kunyorova rwuri murejista yepasi. Rejista yepamusoro inonzwika yakapinza, iine kuchinjika kudiki kwetimbre.

Nekuda kwekudzikira, vaimbi vekuBritain vanodana chiridzwa ichi kuti bass flute. Zita reBritish rinovhiringa - kune chiridzwa chine mukurumbira pasi rose chine zita rimwechete. Iko kuvhiringidzika ine zita rakamuka nekuda kwekufanana nenyere yeTenor yeRenaissance. Vanonzwika zvakafanana muC. Naizvozvo, inzwi rezasi rinofanira kunzi bass.

kunyoresa

Nzvimbo yekushandiswa kukuru kwe alto flute ndiyo orchestra. Kusvika pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, raishandiswa kuburitsa ruzha rwakaderera sechinoperekedza kune mamwe ese ekuumbwa. Nekuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi yepop, yakatanga kushandiswa yega. Chikamu chinogona kunzwika muGlazunov's Eighth Symphony, Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring, Boulez's Hammer Pasina Master.

Imwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa kushandiswa kwealto nyere mumhanzi wakakurumbira rwiyo "California Dreamin" neThe Mamas & the Papas. Imwe chete ine rwiyo yakaburitswa muna 1965, ikava rwiyo rwepasirese. Chikamu chendarira chinozorodza chakaitwa naBud Shank, muAmerican saxophonist uye flutist.

Pakurekodha nziyo dzemafirimu, John Debney anoshandisa alto nyere. Muimbi akahwina Oscar akanyora mimhanzi yemafirimu anopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu. Zvikwereti zvaDebney zvinosanganisira The Passion of the Christ, Spider-Man 150, uye Iron Man 2.

Yakagadzirwa isingasviki makore 200 apfuura, iyo alto nyere yakakurumidza kuwana mukurumbira uye ichiri kushandiswa nhasi. Humbowo ndiko kushandiswa kwakawanda mumaokestra uye kana uchirekodha pop hits.