Saz: tsananguro yechiridzwa, chimiro, kugadzira, nhoroondo, kutamba, kushandisa

Pakati pezviridzwa zvemimhanzi zvinobva kuMabvazuva, saz inotora nzvimbo yakakosha. Mhando dzayo dzinowanikwa munharaunda dzese dzeAsia - Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Afghanistan. MuRussia, muenzi wekumabvazuva aripo mune tsika dzeTatars, Bashkirs.

Chii chinonzi saz

Zita rechiridzwa chacho rinobva mumutauro wePezhiya. Vaive vanhu vePezhiya, sezvingabvira, vaive mugadziri weiyo yekutanga modhi. Mugadziri akaramba asingazivikanwe, saz inoonekwa seyakagadzirwa nevanhu.

Nhasi "saz" izita rakabatanidzwa reboka rose rezviridzwa zvine maitiro akafanana:

• pear-shaped voluminous muviri;
• mutsipa wakatwasuka wakareba;
• musoro wakashongedzerwa frets;
• nhamba dzakasiyana dzetambo.

Chiridzwa chacho chine chokuita nembira uye ndechemhuri yengoma. Mhando yemhando yemazuva ano inenge 2 octaves. Inzwi rakapfava, rinorira, rinofadza.

mamiriro

Chimiro chacho chiri nyore, chisingashanduke mumazana emakore ekuvapo kwechiridzwa chine tambo:

• Chassis. Matanda, akadzika, akaita sepear, ane kumberi kwakafuratira uye neshure.
• Mutsipa (neck). Chikamu chinoenda kumusoro kubva pamuviri, chakati sandara kana chakatenderedzwa. Tambo dzinosungirirwa pairi. Nhamba yetambo inosiyana, zvichienderana nerudzi rwechiridzwa: Armenian inoshongedzerwa ne6-8 tambo, Turkish saz - 6-7 tambo, Dagestan - 2 tambo. Kune mhando dzine 11 tambo, 4 tambo.
• musoro. Yakanyatso padyo nemutsipa. Chikamu chemberi chakashongedzerwa nemafrets anoshandira kuridza chiridzwa. Huwandu hwemafrets hunosiyana: kune akasiyana ane gumi, 10, 13 frets.

Production

Nzira yekugadzira haisi nyore, yakaoma zvikuru. Imwe neimwe tsanangudzo inoda kushandiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzehuni. Kusiyana kwehuni kunoita kuti zvikwanisike kuwana ruzha rwakakwana, kuwana chiridzwa chaicho chinoenderana netsika dzekare dzekumabvazuva.

Masters anoshandisa walnut huni, mulberry huni. Nyaya yacho yakanyatsoomeswa zvisati zvaitika, kuvapo kwehunyoro hakugamuchirwi. Muviri wakaita sepear unopiwa zvishoma kazhinji nekugonya, kazhinji nekunamira, kubatanidza zvikamu zvega. Zvinotora nhamba isinganzwisisike yemarivets akafanana (kazhinji 9 anotorwa) kuti awane chimiro chaidiwa, saizi yekesi.

Mutsipa wakaiswa kudivi rakamanikana remuviri. Musoro unoiswa pamutsipa, iyo iyo frets inoputirwa. Inoramba ichisunga tambo - ikozvino chiridzwa chakagadzirira kurira zvakakwana.

Nhoroondo yechishandiso

Persia yekare inoonekwa senyika yekuzvarwa. Chiridzwa chakafanana chinonzi tanbur chakatsanangurwa nemuimbi wekare Abdulgadir Maragi muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Chiridzwa chekumabvazuva chakatanga kufanana nechimiro chemazuva ano chesaz muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX - iyi ndiyo mhedziso yakaitwa muzvidzidzo zvake neAzerbaijani art connoisseur Mejun Karimov.

Saz ndechimwe chezviridzwa zvekare zvevanhu veTurkic. Yaishandiswa kuperekedza vaimbi vairondedzera zviitiko zvenhoroondo, vaiimba nziyo dzerudo, mabharadhi.

Kugadzirwa kwemhando dzekare raive bhizinesi rakareba kwazvo. Kuedza kuunza muti muchimiro chakakodzera, zvinhu zvakaomeswa kwemakore akawanda.

Saz yeAzerbaijani ndiyo yainyanya kupararira. Kune vanhu ava, chave chinhu chakakosha hunhu hweashugs - vaimbi vevanhu, vatori venhau vaiperekedza kuimba, nyaya nezve zvakaitwa nemagamba nemanzwi anotapira emimhanzi.

Ekutanga saz modhi aive madiki muhukuru, aive ne 2-3 tambo dzakagadzirwa neshinda dzesirika, horsehair. Zvadaro, iyo modhi yakawedzera muhukuru: muviri, mitsipa yakarebeswa, nhamba yefrets uye tambo yakawedzera. Chero nyika yakatsvaga "kugadzirisa" magadzirirwo ekuita kwemabasa avo emimhanzi. Zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakatambanudzwa, zvakatambanudzwa, zvakapfupiswa, zvakapiwa nemamwe mashoko. Nhasi kune marudzi akawanda echishandiso ichi.

Iyo Tatar Saz inoratidzwa kune kutarisa kwevashanyi muMuseum yeNhoroondo uye Tsika yeCrimean Tatars (guta reSimferopol). Iyo yekare modhi yakatanga kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Kutamba saz

Mhando dzetambo dzinoridzwa nenzira mbiri:

• kushandisa zvigunwe zvemaoko maviri;
• kushandisa, kunze kwemaoko, zvigadzirwa zvakakosha.

Nyanzvi dzevaimbi dzinobudisa ruzha neplectrum (sarudza) yakagadzirwa nemhando dzehuni dzakakosha. Kudzura tambo neplectrum kunobvumidza iwe kuridza tremolo nzira. Kune maplectrums akagadzirwa kubva kuhuni hwecherry.

Kuti muiti arege kuneta nekushandisa ruoko rwake, muviri waive wakashongedzerwa netambo yekudzivirira: yakakandwa pamusoro pefudzi, zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kubata chimiro munzvimbo yechipfuva. Muimbi anonzwa rusununguko, anotarisa zvakakwana pamutambo wekutamba.

kushandisa

Vaimbi vekare vakashandisa saz kunenge kwese kwese:

• vakasimudza mweya wemauto weuto, wakamirira hondo;
• kuvaraidza vaenzi pamichato, mhemberero, mazororo;
• achiperekedza nhetembo, ngano dzevaimbi vomumugwagwa;
• akanga ari shamwari inokosha yevafudzi, haana kuvarega vachifinhwa panguva yekuita basa.

Nhasi inhengo inokosha ye orchestras, ensembles vanoita mimhanzi yevanhu: Azerbaijani, Armenian, Tatar. Yakanyatsobatanidzwa nenyere, zviridzwa zvemhepo, inokwanisa kuzadzisa rwiyo rukuru kana solo. Hunyanzvi hwayo hwehunyanzvi, hune hunyanzvi hwekugona kuburitsa chero huwandu hwemanzwiro, ndosaka vanyori vazhinji vekumabvazuva vachinyora mimhanzi yeinotapira-izwi saz.