Nikolai Peyko |

Nikolai Peyko

Ndinoyemura tarenda rake semudzidzisi uye munyori wenziyo, ndinomuona semurume ane njere dzepamusoro uye akachena pamweya. S. Gubaidulina

Basa rimwe nerimwe idzva raN. Peiko rinomutsa kufarira kwechokwadi kwevateereri, rinova chiitiko muhupenyu hwemimhanzi sechinhu chakajeka uye chepakutanga chetsika yenyika. Kusangana nemimhanzi yemunyori mukana wekukurukurirana kwemweya nevemazuva ano, zvakadzama uye zvakakomba matambudziko ehunhu enyika yakapoteredza. Muimbi anoshanda nesimba uye nesimba, achigona neushingi mhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzemimhanzi. Akasika 8 symphonies, nhamba huru yemabasa e orchestra, 3 ballets, opera, cantatas, oratorios, chamber-instrumental uye mazwi ezwi, mimhanzi yemitambo yemitambo, mafirimu, nhepfenyuro.

Peiko akazvarirwa mumhuri ine njere. Muhuduku uye muhuduku, zvidzidzo zvake zvemimhanzi zvaive zveamateur. Mukana wekusangana naG. Litinsky, uyo aikoshesa zvikuru tarenda yejaya, akachinja kuguma kwaPeiko: akazova mudzidzi wedhipatimendi rekugadzira yekoroji yemimhanzi, uye muna 1937 akagamuchirwa mugore rechitatu reMoscow Conservatory, kubva kwaakapedza kudzidza mukirasi yaN. Myaskovsky. Atova kuma40s. Peiko akazvizivisa semunyori wetarenda yakajeka uye yepakutanga, uye semunhu weruzhinji, uye semutyairi. Mabasa akanyanya kukosha e40-50s. pupurira kukura kwehunyanzvi; mukusarudzwa kwemisoro, marongero, pfungwa, hupenyu hwehungwaru, kucherechedzwa kwakakosha, hunhu hwepasirese hwezvido, hupamhi hwemaonero uye tsika dzepamusoro zviri kuwedzera kuratidzwa.

Peiko ndiye akaberekwa ari symphonist. Nechekare mukutanga symphonic basa, zvimiro zvechimiro chake zvakatemerwa, izvo zvinosiyaniswa nekubatanidzwa kwemukati makakatanwa emufungo nekutaura kwawo kwakadzorwa. Chinhu chinokatyamadza chebasa raPeiko kukwezva kutsika dzenyika dzevanhu vepasirese. Kusiyana kwezvido zvemadzinza zvakaratidzwa mukusikwa kwekutanga kweBashkir opera "Aikhylu" (pamwe chete naM. Valeev, 1941), muchikamu "Kubva kuYakut Legends", mu "Moldavian Suite", muzvikamu zvinomwe paThemes. yeVanhu veUSSR, nezvimwewo Mumabasa aya munyori akasundwa nechishuvo chekuratidzira mazuva ano kuburikidza neprism yemimhanzi uye nhetembo pfungwa dzevanhu vemarudzi akasiyana.

60-70s Inguva yekugadzira kubudirira uye kukura. Ballet Joan weArc akaunza mukurumbira kunze kwenyika, kusikwa kwacho kwakatangirwa nebasa rinorwadza pazvinyorwa zvekutanga - mimhanzi yefolk uye nyanzvi yekare France. Munguva iyi, dingindira rekuda nyika yebasa rake rakaumbwa uye rakanzwika zvine simba, rakabatana nechikumbiro kune zviyeuchidzo zvenhoroondo uye tsika dzevanhu veRussia, maitiro avo ehugamba muhondo yapfuura. Pakati pemabasa aya pane oratorio "The Night of Tsar Ivan" (yakabva munyaya yaAK Tolstoy "The Silver Prince"), iyo symphonic cycle "In the Strade of War". Kuma80s. maererano nekutungamira uku, zvinotevera zvakasikwa: oratorio "Mazuva ehondo dzekare" zvichibva pachiyeuchidzo chezvinyorwa zvekare zveRussia "Zadonshchina", chamber cantata "Pinezhie" yakabva pamabasa aF. Abramov.

Makore ese aya, mimhanzi yeorchestra inoramba ichitora nzvimbo inotungamira mubasa remunyori. Simphonies yake yechina neyechishanu, iyo Symphony Concerto, iyo inovandudza tsika dzakanakisa dzeRussia epic symphony, yakagamuchira kuchema kukuru kweveruzhinji. Kusiyana kwemhando dzemazwi uye mafomu anogamuchirwa naPeiko ari kushamisa. Mabasa ezwi nepiyano (anopfuura makumi manomwe) anosanganisira chishuwo chekunzwisisa kwetsika neuzivi kwezvinyorwa zvenhetembo zveA. Blok, S. Yesenin, vekare vekuChina uye vadetembi vemazuva ano vekuAmerica. Kuchema kukuru kwevanhu kwakagamuchirwa nemabasa anobva pamavhesi evanyori veSoviet - A. Surkov, N. Zabolotsky, D. Kedrin, V. Nabokov.

Peiko anofarira chiremera chisina mubvunzo pakati pevanyori vechidiki. Kubva mukirasi yake (uye anga achidzidzisa kubvira 1942 kuMoscow Conservatory, kubvira 1954 paGnessin Institute) boka rose renyeredzi revaimbi vane tsika dzepamusoro rakabuda (E. Ptichkin, E. Tumanyan, A. Zhurbin, nevamwe).

L. Rapatskaya

Zvinyorwa:

dhanzi Aikhylu (yakarongedzwa naMM Valeev, 1943, Ufa; 2nd ed., co-munyori, 1953, yakakwana); ballet – Spring mhepo (pamwe chete 3. V. Khabibulin, yakavakirwa novel rakanyorwa naK. Nadzhimy, 1950), Jeanne d'Arc (1957, Musical Theatre yakatumidzwa zita reStanislavsky naNemirovich-Danchenko, Moscow), Birch Grove (1964) ; zvevaimbi voga, kwaya nekwaya – Cantata Builders of the Future (lyrics by NA Zabolotsky, 1952), oratorio Husiku hwaTsar Ivan (mushure meAK Tolstoy, 1967); yeorchestra - symphonies (1946; 1946-1960; 1957; 1965; 1969; 1972; konzati-symphony, 1974), suites Kubva kuYakut legends (1940; 2nd ed. 1957), Kubva kuRussia yekare 1948; 2 yekare. Moldavian suite (1963), symphonietta (1950), misiyano (1940), 1947 zvidimbu padingindira revanhu veUSSR (7), Symphonic ballad (1951), overture To the world (1959), Capriccio (yediki symphonic orc., 1961); yepiyano uye orchestra – konzati (1954); yeviolin uye orchestra - Concert Fantasy paFinnish Themes (1953), 2nd Concert Fantasy (1964); chamber instrumental ensembles - 3 tambo. quartet (1963, 1965, 1976), fp. quintet (1961), decimet (1971); zvepiyano - 2 sonatas (1950, 1975), 3 sonatas (1942, 1943, 1957), kusiyana (1957), nezvimwewo; yezwi nepiyano – wok. matenderedzwa Mwoyo weMurwi (mazwi nevanyori veSoviet, 1943), Harlem Night Sounds (mazwi nevedetembi vekuUS, 1946-1965), mimhanzi mitatu. pictures (lyrics by SA Yesenin, 3), Lyric cycle (lyrics by G. Apollinaire, 1960), 1961 wok. nhetembo uye triptych Autumn landscapes pamavhesi eHA Zabolotsky (8, 1970), zverudo pamashoko. AA Blok (1976-1944), Bo-Jui-i (65) nevamwe; mimhanzi yemitambo yemadhirama. t-ra, mabhaisikopo neredhiyo.

Literary works: Pamusoro pemimhanzi yeYakuts "SM", 1940, No 2 (pamwe I. Shteiman); 27th symphony naN. Ya. Myaskovsky, mubhuku: N. Ya. Myaskovsky. Zvinyorwa, tsamba, memoirs, vol. 1, M., 1959; Ndangariro dzemudzidzisi, ibid.; G. Berlioz – R. Strauss – S. Gorchakov. Pamusoro pechiRussia chinyorwa cheBerlioz "Treatise", "SM", 1974, No 1; Zvishandiso zviviri zvidiki. (Compositional analysis of the plays by O. Messiaen and V. Lutoslavsky), in Sat: Music and Modernity, vol. 9, M., 1975.

References: Belyaev V., Symphonic mabasa aN. Peiko, "SM", 1947, No 5; Boganova T., Pamusoro pemimhanzi yaN. Peiko, ibid., 1962, No 2; Grigoryeva G., NI Peiko. Moscow, 1965. yake, Vocal Lyrics naN. Peiko uye kutenderera kwake pamavhesi eN. Zabolotsky, muna Sat: Music and Modernity, vol. 8, M., 1974.