Mimhanzi tsika ye romanticism: aesthetics, madingindira, marudzi uye mutauro wemimhanzi

Zweig aitaura chokwadi: Europe haisati yaona chizvarwa chinoshamisa chakadaro sevanodanana kubvira paRenaissance. Mifananidzo inoshamisa yenyika yezviroto, manzwiro asina kupfeka uye chido chekunamata kwepamusoro - aya ndiwo mavara anopenda tsika yemimhanzi yerudo.

Kubuda kwe romanticism uye aesthetics yayo

Apo chinjo yeindasitiri yakanga ichiitika muEurope, kariro dzakaiswa paChimurenga Chikuru cheFrance dzakapwanyika mumwoyo yavaEurope. Chitendero chepfungwa, chakaziviswa neZera Rokuvhenekera, chakakundwa. Kunamatwa kwekunzwa uye musimboti wechisikigo mumunhu wakakwira kusvika padanho.

Aya ndiwo maratidziro akaita romanticism. Mutsika yemimhanzi yakagara kweanopfuura makore zana (1800-1910), ichiri mundima dzine hukama (kupenda nemabhuku) izwi rayo rakapera hafu yezana ramakore apfuura. Zvichida mimhanzi ndiyo "yekupomera" pane izvi - yaive mimhanzi yaive pamusoro pakati pehunyanzvi pakati pevaromanzi seyakanyanya yemweya uye yakasununguka yehunyanzvi.

Nekudaro, ivo vanodanana, kusiyana nevamiriri venguva yekare uye classicism, havana kuvaka humambo hwehunyanzvi nekupatsanurwa kwayo kwakajeka mumhando nemhando. Hurongwa hwerudo hwaive hwepasi rose; hunyanzvi hwaigona kuchinjika zvakasununguka kuita umwe neumwe. Pfungwa yekubatanidzwa kwehunyanzvi yaive imwe yeakakosha mumhanzi tsika yerudo.

Ukama uhwu hwaivawo nechokuita nezvikamu zveaesthetics: iyo yakanaka yakabatanidzwa neyakashata, yakakwirira nechepamusoro, iyo inosuruvarisa ine comic. Kuchinja kwakadaro kwakabatanidzwa nerudo rusinganzwisisi, rwakaratidzawo mufananidzo wepasi rose.

Zvese zvine chekuita nerunako zvakatora chirevo chitsva pakati pevanodanana. Zvisikwa zvakava chinhu chokunamatwa, nyanzvi yemifananidzo yakanamatwa somukurusa wavanhu vanofa, uye mirangariro yakakwidziridzwa pamusoro pokurangarira.

Chokwadi chisina mweya chaisiyaniswa nechiroto, chakanaka asi chisingasvikiki. Iye rudo, nerubatsiro rwekufungidzira kwake, akavaka nyika yake itsva, kusiyana nezvimwe zvinhu zvechokwadi.

Ndeapi madingindira akasarudzwa neRomantic artists?

Zvido zvevanodanana zvakaratidzwa zvakajeka mukusarudzwa kwemadingindira avakasarudza muunyanzvi.

• Dingindira rekusurukirwa. Nyanzvi yakaderera kana munhu akasurukirwa munharaunda - aya ndiwo aive madingindira pakati pevanyori venguva ino ("Rudo rweMudetembi" naSchumann, "Pasina Zuva" naMussorgsky).
• Dingindira re "lyrical confession". Muzvinyorwa zvakawanda zvevanyori verudo pane kubata kwehupenyu hwehupenyu ("Carnival" naSchumann, "Symphony Fantastique" naBerlioz).
• Love theme. Chaizvoizvo, iyi ndiyo dingindira rerudo rusingafadzi kana rwakashata, asi kwete hazvo ("Rudo uye Upenyu hweMukadzi" naSchumann, "Romeo naJuliet" naTchaikovsky).
• Path Theme. Anonziwo dingindira rekudzungaira. Mweya werudo, wakabvarurwa nekupokana, waitsvaga nzira yawo ("Harold muItaly" naBerlioz, "Makore Ekudzungaira" naLiszt).
• Dingindira rerufu. Zvikurukuru rwaiva rufu rwomudzimu (Tchaikovsky’s Sixth Symphony, Schubert’s Winterreise).
• Nature theme. Zvisikwa mumaziso erudo uye amai vanodzivirira, uye shamwari inonzwira tsitsi, uye chirango chekuranga ("The Hebrides" naMendelssohn, "In Central Asia" naBorodin). Iko kunamatwa kwenyika yekuzvarwa (polonaises uye ballads yeChopin) zvakare yakabatana neiyi dingindira.
• Fantasy theme. Nyika yekufungidzira yevanodanana yaive yakapfuma kupfuura iyo chaiyo ("The Magic Shooter" naWeber, "Sadko" naRimsky-Korsakov).

Mimhanzi yemhando dzeRomantic era

Tsika yemimhanzi yerudo yakapa kukurudzira kukudziridzwa kwemhando dzekamuri yezwi mazwi: ("The Forest King" naSchubert), ("The Maiden of the Lake" naSchubert) uye, kazhinji akabatanidzwa mu ("Myrtles" naSchumann. )

yakasiyaniswa kwete chete nemhando inoshamisa yechirongwa, asiwo nekubatana kwakasimba pakati pemashoko, mimhanzi uye chiito chechikuva. Opera iri kuisirwa symphonized. Zvakwana kurangarira "Ring of the Nibelungs" yaWagner ine network yakagadziridzwa yeleitmotifs.

Pakati pemhando dzezviridzwa, romance inosiyaniswa. Kuburitsa mufananidzo mumwechete kana mhedziso yechinguvana, mutambo mupfupi wakakwana kwavari. Pasinei nechiyero chayo, mutambo wacho unoputika nekutaura. Inogona kuva (saMendelssohn), kana kutamba nemazita epurogiramu ("The Rush" naSchumann).

Kufanana nenziyo, mitambo dzimwe nguva inosanganiswa kuita mitsetse ("Butterflies" naSchumann). Panguva imwecheteyo, zvikamu zvekutenderera, zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakagara zvichigadzira chimiro chimwe chete nekuda kwekubatana kwemimhanzi.

VaRomantics vaida mimhanzi yepurogiramu, iyo yakaibatanidza nemabhuku, kupenda kana humwe hunyanzvi. Nokudaro, chirongwa mumabasa avo kazhinji chaidzora chimiro. One-movement sonatas (Liszt's B minor sonata), one-movement concertos (Liszt's First Piano Concerto) uye nhetembo dze symphonic (Liszt's Preludes), uye symphony shanu-kufamba (Berlioz's Symphony Fantastique) yakaonekwa.

Mutauro wenziyo wevanyori verudo

Kubatanidzwa kwehunyanzvi, kwakakudzwa nevanodanana, kwakapesvedzera nzira dzekutaura kwemimhanzi. Mutinhimira wacho wawedzera kuve wega, unonzwa nenhetembo dzeshoko, uye kuperekedzwa kwakamira kusarerekera uye kujaira mukugadzirwa.

Kuwirirana kwakawedzerwa nemavara asina kumboitika kuti ataure nezvezviitiko zvegamba rerudo. Saka, mataurirwo erudo eLanguor anonyatso fambisa kuwirirana kwakachinja kwakawedzera kukakavara. Romantics yakada mhedzisiro ye chiaroscuro, apo iyo huru yakatsiviwa nediki rezita rimwe chete, uye mitsara yematanho eparutivi, uye kuenzanisa kwakanaka kwematoni. Mhedzisiro mitsva yakawanikwawo mune zvechisikigo modhi, kunyanya pazvaive zvakakodzera kuburitsa mweya wevanhu kana mifananidzo yakanaka mumhanzi.

Kazhinji, mutinhimira wevanodanana waivavarira kuenderera mberi kwebudiriro, wakaramba chero kudzokorora otomatiki, waidzivirira kugara kwemazwi uye kufema kutaura mune chimwe nechimwe chevavariro dzayo. Uye manyorerwo azova chinongedzo chakakosha zvekuti basa rayo rinofananidzwa nebasa remutinhimira.

Teerera kune inoshamisa mazurka Chopin ane!

Panzvimbo pekupedzisa

Tsika yemimhanzi yerudo mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 19 ne20 yakaona zviratidzo zvekutanga zvedambudziko. Chimiro chemimhanzi "yemahara" chakatanga kuparara, kuwirirana kwakakunda rwiyo, manzwiro epamusoro emweya werudo akatsiva kutya kunorwadza uye zvishuwo zvepasi.

Aya maitiro anoparadza akaunza Romanticism kumagumo uye akavhura nzira yeModernism. Asi, zvapera sekufamba, rudo rwakaramba ruchirarama mumhanzi wezana remakore rechi20 uye mumimhanzi yezana remakore razvino muzvikamu zvayo zvakasiyana. Blok aitaura chokwadi paakati kudanana kunomuka "munguva dzese dzehupenyu hwevanhu."