Maitiro ekukurumidza kuwana ane hukama tonalities yechipiri neyechitatu madhigirii?

Nhasi tichaita chinhu chinonakidza - tichadzidza kutarisa kure kure ane hukama, uye kuita izvi nekukurumidza sezvatinowana "hama" mudhigirii rekutanga.

Chekutanga, ngatijekese rumwe ruzivo rwakakosha. Ichokwadi ndechokuti vamwe vanhu vanosarudza kushandisa Rimsky-Korsakov system, maererano neiyo inogona kuva nemadhigirii matatu ehukama pakati pematoni, asi vamwe vanoomerera kune imwe hurongwa, maererano neasina matatu, asi mana emadhigirii aya. Saka, isu tichatora hurongwa hwehukama hwemhuri hweRimsky-Korsakov, sezvo zviri nyore, asi isu hatizosiyi hurongwa hwechipiri uye tichakurukura nyaya iyi zvakasiyana pamagumo.

Musiyano uripo pakati pe3- uye 4-level masisitimu ehukama hwehukama ndeyekuti rimwe remapoka ematoni, iro rechipiri, rinongopatsanurwa kuita maviri kana, kana uchida, rinotora maviri, ayo anoumba 2nd uye 3rd th degree mu. iyo 4-degree system. Ngatiedzei kuona zvakataurwa:

Maitiro ekutsvaga anoenderana tonalities echipiri degree?

Pano tinoda kuwana makiyi gumi nemaviri pamwe chete. Nheyo chaiyo yekwavanobva inokurukurwa zvakadzama munyaya inoti "Madhigirii ehukama hwekiyi," uye zvino isu tichangodzidza nzira yekuvawana nayo muhukuru uye diki.

Makiyi echipiri dhigirii reukama hwevakuru

Pachiyero chikuru, kubva pamakiyi gumi nemaviri, 12 anofanira kunge ari makuru, mana asara anofanira kunge ari madiki. Pasina imwezve ado, isu tichareva kune nhanho dzekiyi yekutanga. Zvichida zvingava zvakanyanya kunaka kutsvaga nekuvaka nguva kubva kune tonic, asi zviri nyore kushamwaridzana kubatanidza matoni matsva kumatanho ekutanga.

Saka, kutanga, kune makiyi madiki mana, saka isu tinongorangarira madhigirii: I (mudiki wezita rimwe chete), V (diki anotonga), VII (ingorangarira - wechinomwe), VIIb (yakadzikiswa yechinomwe).

Semuenzaniso, kune kiyi yeC-dur (tsamba yekududzwa kwemakiyi), aya angave c-moll, g-moll, h-moll uye b-moll.

Ikozvino pane 8 makiyi makuru uye akabatanidzwa, ikozvino iwe unonzwisisa zvinorehwa neshoko rekuti "paviri". Tinovasunga kumatanho anotevera: II, III, VI uye VII. Uye kwose kwose kuchava seizvi: chiyero chechisikigo uye chakaderedzwa, ndiko kuti, makiyi maviri makuru kune imwe dhigirii (imwe isina inzwi rakatsetseka, imwe ine inzwi rakatsetseka).

Semuenzaniso, kune imwechete C huru ichava: D-dur uye Des-dur, E-dur uye Es-dur, A-dur uye As-dur, H-dur uye B-dur. Zvese zviri nyore kwazvo, chinhu chikuru ndechekurangarira magic code - 2367 (inoumbwa nenhamba dzenhanho).

Makiyi echipiri dhigirii rehukama kune mudiki

Kana tonality yedu yekutanga idiki (somuenzaniso, C minor), saka kune iyo 12 tonalities ine chekuita nedhigirii rechipiri ichakamurwa sezvinotevera: pane zvinopesana, 4 chete ndiyo yakakura uye yakasara 8 idiki.

Iyo tonic yemakiyi makuru ichaenderana neanotevera madhigirii (rangarira): Ini (mukuru wezita rimwe chete), II (yakareruka sekondi), IIb (yechipiri yakaderedzwa), IV (major subdominant). Semuyenzaniso, kuC minor aya achava anotevera "cousin": C-dur, D-dur, Des-dur naF-dur.

Pane makiyi masere madiki uye, teerera, zvese zvinonakidza kwazvo pano: tonics yavo inotora matanho akafanana ne8 ma tonics makuru: II, III, VI uye VII mune zvakasikwa uye yakaderedzwa chimiro. Izvi zvinoreva, zvine hukama neC madiki matauriro akadai se-d-moll uye des-moll (kiyi isiripo, asi zvese zvakangofanana nezvazviri), e-moll uye es-moll, a-moll uye se-moll, h- moll uye b-moll.

Kuona kunonakidza (kunogona kusvetuka)

Kana isu tichitaura zvakazara nezve makunakuna evakuru nevadiki, saka akati wandei anofadza mapoinzi anobuda pano:

• kubva pamakumi maviri nemana (24+12) tonics pachiitiko chega chega pane 12+9 (9) zvidimbu zvinowirirana tonal uye zvinosiyana chete mumodal inclination (kusanganisira 18+8, inobatanidzwa ne "code 8" uye yakafanana 2367+1 );
• toni dzezita rimwechete ihama dzedhigirii rechipiri mune ino system, uye mune 4-degree system ivo vanowanzove "vazukuru vechipiri";
• huwandu hukuru hwematoni echikamu chechipiri chehukama hwakabatana nemadhigirii ekutanga (pa VII - 4 tonalities yehukuru, paII - 4 tonalities yevadiki), nematanho ayo akaderedzwa matatu matatu akavakwa mune yekutanga tonality mu chimiro chechisikigo chemaitiro ayo, nekuda kwekuti aya tonics haana kuisirwa mudenderedzwa rehama dzedhigirii rekutanga (rudzi rwemuripo unoitika - kuwanda neaviri kusvika kune rinotevera dhigirii);
• matauriro ane hukama edhigirii rechipiri aisanganisira: kune chikuru - tonality yeadiki anotonga, uye kune mudiki - tonality yeakanyanya subdominant (uye isu tinorangarira nezve akakosha kesi mudenderedzwa rematonal edhigirii rekutanga - diki subdominant mu. Harmonic huru uye huru inotonga mudiki harmonic?).

Zvakanaka, izvo zvakakwana, inguva yekuenderera mberi uye kuenderera kune inotevera, yechitatu dhigirii yehukama, iyo inoratidza hukama pakati pematoni ari kure kwazvo (havana imwechete yakajairika triad).

Dhigirii rechitatu rehukama

Pano, kusiyana nedambudziko redanho rekare, haufanirwe kugadzira nzou, haufanirwe kugadzira karukureta kana bhasikoro. Zvose zvave zvichizivikanwa kwenguva yakareba, munhu wose anoshandisa zvinobudirira. Ndichakuudzawo!

muunganidzwa makiyi mashanu. Nenzira imwecheteyo, tichatanga tafunga nezvenyaya yacho kana kiyi yedu yekutanga yakakura, uye ipapo nyaya kana isu tichitsvaga hama dzakashaikwa dzekiyi diki.

Zvakanaka, nenzira, pane zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana pakati pezviitiko izvi, pane kunyange toni dzakajairika (mbiri dzadzo). Izvo izvi zvakafanana ndezvekuti tonic yeaya maviri akataurwa akajairika tonalities ari pa triton chinhambwe kubva kune yekutanga tonic. Uyezve, isu tinoshandisa iyi tonic kaviri - kune makiyi makuru uye madiki.

Saka, kana kiyi yedu yekutanga yakakura (iyo yakafanana C huru, semuenzaniso), ipapo chinyorwa F-chakapinza chiri padanho retatu kubva kune tonic yayo. NeF-yakapinza tinoita ese makuru uye madiki. Kureva kuti, maviri emakiyi mashanu ndiFis-dur uye fis-moll.

Zvino mashura chete! Kubva pazvinokonzeresa diki tritone kiyi kukwira kumusoro muzvishanu zvakakwana. Pakazara, tinoda kutora matanho matatu - tichawana matatu asara makiyi: cis-moll, gis-moll uye dis-moll.

Kana kiyi yekutanga iri diki (C minor semuenzaniso), saka tinoita zvakangofanana: tinovaka tritone, uye nekukurumidza tinotora makiyi maviri (Fis-dur uye fis-moll). Uye zvino, tarisisa, kubva kune hombe tritone kiyi (kureva, kubva kuFis-dur) dzika pasi zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzvishanu! Tinowana: H-dur, E-dur uye A-dur.

Kune avo vanoomerera kune 4-degree system

Izvo zvinosara kuti uone kuti ungawana sei hukama hwematoni kune avo vanosarudza kusiyanisa madhigirii mana pane matatu. Ini ndichabva ndati dhigirii rechina ndiro rimwe rechitatu pasina shanduko. Hapana matambudziko neizvi.

Asi, sezvatotaurwa, yechipiri "nevatatu" inotora yechipiri neyechitatu "nechina". Uye dhigirii rechipiri rinosanganisira 4 tonalities chete, uye yechitatu - 8. Iwe pachako, iwe unogona kuwana 12 tonalities panguva imwe chete, uye wozobvisa 4 tonalities yedhigirii yechipiri kubva kwavari, kuitira kuti iwe wasara ne 8 tonalities yechitatu. degree.

Nzira yekuwana sei tonality yechidimbu chechipiri "nechina"?

Ichi ndicho chinhu chikuru cheMoscow system ye tonal kinship. Uye, chokwadi, zvose pano zvine musoro uye zviri nyore. Zvinenge zvakakodzera kuwana kaviri dominants uye kaviri subdominants (zvisinei kuti vanodaidzwa sei nemazvo).

Muchikuru, isu tiri kutsvaga tonality yekaviri inotonga (II dhigirii ine nhatu huru pairi) uye kuenderana kwayo, pamwe neiyo tonality yekaviri subdominant (VII yakaderera ine nhatu huru pairi) uye kufanana kwayo. Mienzaniso yeC major inoti D-dur||h-moll uye B-dur||g-moll. Zvose!

Mudiki tinoita chinhu chimwe chete, chete tinosiya zvese zvatinowana zvidiki (kureva kuti, iyo yakapetwa kaviri haina kudaro - DD, asi senge dd - zvakasikwa, nezve subdominant - zvakafanana). Isu tinowedzera kuenderana kune zvatakawana uye tinowana tonalities yechipiri dhigirii yehukama hweC minor: d-moll||F-dur na b-moll||Des-dur. Zvese zvine hungwaru zviri nyore!