Dombra: chii, chimiro chechiridzwa, nhoroondo, ngano, mhando, kushandiswa

Dombra kana dombyra chiridzwa cheKazakh chekuimba, ndecherudzi rwetambo, yakadzurwa. Mukuwedzera kune Kazakhs, inoonekwa sechiridzwa chevanhu cheCrimean Tatars (Nogais), Kalmyks.

Chimiro che dombra

Dombyra ine zvinhu zvinotevera:

• Corps (shanak). Yakagadzirwa nemuti, yakaita sepeya. Inoita basa rekusimudzira inzwi. Kune 2 nzira dzekugadzira muviri: gouging kubva pachidimbu chehuni, kuunganidza kubva kune zvikamu (mahwendefa emapuranga). Mhando dzehuni dzinodiwa maple, walnut, pine.
• Deca (kapkak). Inotarisana netimbre yekurira, rhythmic coloring. Inokwidziridza kudengenyeka kwetambo.
• Gora. Mutsetse wakatetepa wakareba, wakakura kudarika muviri. Inopera nemusoro une pegs.
• Strings. Kuwanda - 2 zvidimbu. Pakutanga, zvinhu zvakanga zviri tsinga dzemhuka dzepamusha. Mune mhando dzemazuva ano, tambo yakajairika yekuredza inoshandiswa.
• Mira (tiek). Chinhu chakakosha chinokonzeresa kurira kwechiridzwa. Inoendesa kuzunguzika kwetambo kune deki.
• Spring. Mudziyo wekare wakanga usina chitubu. Ichi chikamu chakagadzirirwa kuvandudza ruzha, chitubu chiri pedyo nechigadziko.

Huwandu hwese hwe dombra hunochinja, hunosvika 80-130 cm.

Nhoroondo yekwakabva

Nhoroondo ye dombra inodzokera kumashure eNeolithic. Masayendisiti akawana mifananidzo yekare yedombo kubva panguva ino inoratidza chiridzwa chakada kufanana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chokwadi chinogona kunzi chakaratidza: iyo dombyra ndiyo yekare pane tambo dzakadzurwa zvivakwa. Zera rayo zviuru zvemakore.

Izvo zvakasimbiswa kuti zviridzwa zvine tambo mbiri zvaive zvakajairika pakati pevanotama Saxon makore maviri apfuura. Panguva imwecheteyo, mamodheru-akafanana nemadhomu aive akakurumbira nemadzinza anotama-tama anogara munharaunda yemazuva ano Kazakhstan.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, chishandiso chakapararira muEurasian kondinendi. Vanhu vechiSlavic vakarerutsa zita rekutanga kuti "domra". Musiyano pakati peDomra neKazakh "hama" idiki saizi (yakareba 60 cm), kana zvisina kudaro "hanzvadzi" dzinotaridzika zvakafanana.

Muimbi wenziyo ane tambo mbiri ainyanya kufarira vanhu vekuTurkey vanotama. Nomadic Tatars vairidza pamberi pehondo, vachisimbisa tsika dzavo.

Nhasi, dombyra inoremekedzwa chiridzwa chenyika yeKazakhstan. Pano, kubvira 2018, zororo rakaunzwa - Dombra Day (zuva - Svondo yekutanga yaChikunguru).

Chokwadi chinonakidza: hama yepedyo yemuimbi weKazakh ndiye Russian balalaika.

Legends

Pane ngano dzakawanda nezvekwakabva dombra.

Kuonekwa kwechiridzwa

Pakarepo 2 nyaya dzekare dzinotaura nezvekubuda kwe dombyra:

1. Ngano ye dombra nehofori. Hofori mbiri dzaigara pamusoro pemakomo. Pasinei nehukama hwavo, vakanga vakasiyana zvachose: mumwe akanga achishanda nesimba uye asina maturo, mumwe wacho akanga asina hanya uye achifara. Apo wekutanga akasarudza kuvaka bhiriji guru mhiri kwerwizi, wechipiri akanga asina kukurumidza kubatsira: akaita dombyra uye akairidza nguva yose. Mazuva anoverengeka akapfuura, uye hofori yakafara haina kutanga kushanda. Hama yaishanda nesimba yakatsamwa, yakatora chiridzwa chemimhanzi ndokuchirovera padombo. Iyo dombyra yakaputsika, asi chinyorwa chayo chakaramba chiri padombo. Makore mazhinji gare gare, nekuda kwechiratidzo ichi, dombyra yakadzorerwa.
2. Dombira and Khan. Panguva yekuvhima, mwanakomana wemukuru khan akafa. Vaitongwa vakatya kuudza mhuri iyi mashoko anorwadza vachitya hasha dzake. Vanhu vakauya kuzotsvaka mazano kuna tenzi akachenjera. Akafunga kuuya kuna Khan pachake. Vasati vashanyira, murume wekare akagadzira chiridzwa, chainzi dombra. Kuridza chiridzwa chakaudza Khan izvo rurimi rwaisada kutaura. Mimhanzi inosuruvarisa yakajekesa kupfuura mazwi: nhamo yakanga yaitika. Nehasha, khan akarova mutobvu wakanyungudutswa achienda kwaaive nemuimbi - aya ndiwo mabudiro akaita gomba pamuviri we dombra.

Chimiro chechiridzwa, chimiro chayo chemazuva ano

Panewo ngano kutsanangura nei dombyra ane 2 tambo chete. Iyo yekutanga kuumbwa, maererano nengano, yaifungidzira kuvepo kwe5 tambo. Pakati pakanga pasina buri.

Dzhigit akashinga akadanana nemwanasikana waKhan. Baba vemuroora vakakumbira munyoreri kuti aratidze rudo rwake kumusikana. Mukomana akaonekwa mutende rakhan ane dombyra, akatanga kutamba nziyo dzinobva pamwoyo. Kutanga kwaiva nenziyo, asi ipapo mutasvi webhiza akaimba rwiyo pamusoro pemakaro uye hutsinye hwakhan. Mutongi akatsamwa, mukudzorera, akadurura mutobvu unopisa pamuviri wechiridzwa: nenzira iyi, 3 kubva pa5 tambo dzakaparadzwa, uye gomba resonator rakaonekwa pakati.

Imwe yenyaya inotsanangura kwakabva chikumbaridzo. Maererano naye, hero, achidzokera kumba, akaneta, akaita dombyra. Mvere dzebhiza dzakava tambo. Asi chiridzwa chacho chakanyarara. Husiku, murwi akamutswa neruzha rwemashiripiti: dombra yaitamba yega. Zvakazoitika kuti chikonzero chaive nzungu chaionekwa panosangana musoro nemutsipa.

Types

The classic Kazakh dombra imhando yetambo mbiri ine chiyero chemuviri uye mutsipa saizi. Nekudaro, kuti uwedzere mikana yekurira, mamwe marudzi anogadzirwa:

• tambo nhatu;
• bilateral;
• ane muviri wakafara;
• vulture;
• nemutsipa usina mhango.

nyaya

The dombyra siyana iri 2 akazara octaves. Iyo system inogona kuva quantum kana yechishanu.

Kurongeka kunoenderana nemhando yechikamu chemimhanzi. Iyo yakaderera tuning yakanakira kutamba uye kurebesa kudengenyeka kwezwi. Kukwirira kunoda kushanda nesimba, asi muchiitiko ichi mutinhimira wacho unonzwika zvakanyanya, unonzwika. Iyo yakakwira sisitimu yakakodzera kumabasa efoni, kuita kwe melismas.

Hunhu hwetambo hwakakosha pakukwirira kwenzwi: kukora kwemutsara, kuderera kunoita manzwi.

Dombra kushandiswa

Mapoka etambo ezviridzwa ndiwo anoremekedzwa zvikuru muKazakhstan. Munguva dzekare, hapana chiitiko chimwe chete chaigona kuita pasina akyns-vaimbi: michato, mariro, mitambo yevanhu. Mumhanzi unoperekedza waiperekedza epic ngano, epics, ngano.

Vanatenzi vemazuva ano vakawedzera chiyero che dombra: muna 1934 vakakwanisa kuivakazve, kugadzira mhando itsva dze orchestral. Iye zvino chiridzwa chekare kwazvo chepasi inhengo yakazara yeorchestra.