Nhoroondo yegitare

Guitar chiridzwa chine tambo chakakurumbira. Inogona kushandiswa sechinoperekedza kana solo chiridzwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemimhanzi.

Nhoroondo yekuonekwa kwegitare inodzokera kumashure kwemazana emakore, mazhinji mamireniya BC. Chimwe chechiridzwa chekaresa chine tambo chakadamburwa chaiva kinor cheSumer-Babylonian, chinodudzwa muBhaibheri. MuEgypt yekare, zviridzwa zvakafanana zvakashandiswa: nabla, zither uye nefer, nepo maIndia aiwanzoshandisa waini uye sitar. MuRussia yekare, vairidza mbira inozivikanwa kune wese munhu kubva kungano, uye muGirisi yekare neRoma - kitars. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanodavira kuti citharas yekare inofanira kuonekwa se "madzitateguru" egitare.

Zviridzwa zvetambo zvakawanda zvakadzurwa kusati kwasvika gitare raive nemuviri wakatenderedzwa uye mutsipa wakareba une tambo 3-4 dzakatambanudzwa pamusoro payo. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechitatu, zviridzwa zveruan neyueqin zvakaonekwa muChina, muviri wacho wakanga wakagadzirwa nemapuranga maviri egudza uye mateko akazvibatanidza.

VaEurope vakafarira kugadzirwa kwevanhu vanobva kuAsia yekare. Vakatanga kugadzira zviridzwa zvitsva zvine tambo. Muzana remakore rechitanhatu, zviridzwa zvekutanga zvakaonekwa segitare remazuva ano: Moorish uye Latin guitars, lutes, uye mazana emakore gare gare vihuela yakaonekwa, iyo muchimiro yakava yekutanga prototype yegitare.

Nekuda kwekupararira kwechiridzwa muEurope yose, zita rekuti "gitare" rakachinja zvikuru. MuGreece yekare, "gitare" raiva nezita rokuti "kithara", iro rakatamira kuSpain seLatin "cithara", ndokuzoenda kuItaly se "chitarra", uye gare gare "gitar" yakaonekwa muFrance neEngland. Kutaurwa kwekutanga kwechiridzwa chemimhanzi chinonzi "gitare" chakatangira muzana remakore rechi13.

Muzana ramakore rechi 15, chiridzwa chine tambo mbiri mbiri chakagadzirwa muSpain. Chiridzwa chakadaro chainzi gitare reSpain uye chakava chiratidzo chemimhanzi cheSpain. Yakanga yakasiyaniswa kubva kune gitare remazuva ano nemuviri wakareba uye chiyero chidiki. Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 18, gitare reSpain rakatanga kutaridzika uye hombe yezvimedu zvekutamba, yakabatsirwa nemuItari wegitare Mauro Giuliani.Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 19, mugadziri wegitare wekuSpain Antonio Torres akavandudza gitare kuti riite chimiro nekukura kwaro. Rudzi urwu rwegitare rwakazozivikanwa semagitare echinyakare.

Gitare remhando yepamusoro rakaonekwa muRussia nekuda kwevaSpain vaishanya nyika. Kazhinji gitare raiunzwa sechiyeuchidzo uye zvaive zvakaoma kuriwana, vaingoonekwa mudzimba dzakapfuma uye vakarembera pamadziro. Nokufamba kwenguva, vatenzi vokuSpain vakaonekwa vakatanga kugadzira magitare muRussia.

Gitare wekutanga akakurumbira kubva kuRussia aive Nikolai Petrovich Makarov, uyo muna 1856 akaedza kuronga makwikwi ekutanga epasi rose gitare muRussia, asi pfungwa yake yainzi inoshamisa uye yakarambwa. Makore mashomanana gare gare, Nikolai Petrovich akanga achiri kukwanisa kuronga makwikwi, asi kwete muRussia, asi muDublin.

Mushure mekuonekwa muRussia, gitare rakagamuchira mabasa matsva: tambo imwe yakawedzerwa, kugadzirisa kwegitare kwakachinjwa. Gitare rine tambo nomwe rakatanga kunzi gitare reRussia. Kusvikira pakati pezana remakore rechi20, gitare iyi yakanga yakakurumbira kwete muRussia chete, asi muEurope yose. Asi mushure meHondo Yenyika II, mukurumbira wayo wakaderera, uye muRussia vakatanga kuridza gitare kakawanda. Panguva ino, magitare eRussia haawanzo.

Nekuuya kwepiyano, kufarira gitare kwakatanga kuderera, asi nechekare pakati pezana remakore rechi20 yakadzoka nekuda kwekuonekwa kwemagitare emagetsi.

Gitare rekutanga remagetsi rakagadzirwa naRickenbacker muna 1936. Yakanga yakagadzirwa nemuviri wesimbi uye yakanga ine magnetic pickups. Muna 1950, Les Paul akagadzira gitare remagetsi rekutanga remapuranga, asi mushure mechinguva akaendesa kodzero kune pfungwa yake kuna Leo Fender, sezvo akanga asingatsigirwi nekambani yaaishanda. Iye zvino dhizaini yegitare yemagetsi ine chitarisiko chakafanana neiyo 1950s uye haina kuchinja kamwe chete.