Giuditta Pasta |

Giuditta Pasta

Rave wongororo pamusoro peGiuditta Pasta, uyo VV Stasov akadana kuti "inopenya Italian", mapeji emitambo yemitambo kubva kunyika dzakasiyana dzeEurope akanga akazara. Uye izvi hazvishamise, nekuti Pasta ndeimwe yeakanakisa muimbi-vatambi venguva yake. Ainzi "iye oga", "inimitable". Bellini akati nezvaPasta: “Anoimba zvokuti misodzi yake hainyatsooni; Akatondichemedza.

Mutsoropodzi akakurumbira wechiFrench Castile-Blaz akanyora kuti: “Ndiani uyu muroyi ane inzwi rizere nemararamiro uye kungwara, achiita zvisikwa zviduku zvaRossini nesimba uye zvinokwezva zvakafanana, pamwe chete nenyanzvi dzechikoro chekare dzakazadzwa neukuru uye nyore? Ndiani, akapfeka nhumbi dzokurwa nadzo uye zvipfeko zvakanaka zvemambokadzi, anoonekwa kwatiri iye zvino semudiwa anoyevedza waOthello, iye zvino segamba rinotyisa reSirakuse? Ndiani akabatanidza tarenda ye virtuoso uye nyajambwa mukuwirirana kunoshamisa zvakadaro, kukwezva nemutambo uzere nesimba, zvisikwa uye kunzwa, kunyange kukwanisa kuramba usina hanya nekurira kwemimhanzi? Ndiani anowedzera kutiyemura nehunhu hunokosha hwehunhu hwake - kuteerera kumitemo yemaitiro akasimba uye kukwezva kwechitarisiko chakanaka, chakapindirana pamwe nerunako rwezwi remashiripiti? Ndiani anotonga zvakapetwa kaviri dariro renziyo, achikonzera manyepo negodo, achizadza mweya nekuyemura kwakanaka uye kurwadzisa kwemafaro? Uyu ndiPasta… Anoziva kumunhu wese, uye zita rake rinokwezva vasingadzivisiki vanoda mimhanzi inoshamisa. "

Giuditta Pasta (née Negri) akaberekwa musi waApril 9, 1798 muSartano, pedyo neMilan. Nechekare muhuduku, akabudirira kudzidza achitungamirirwa organist Bartolomeo Lotti. Apo Giuditta akanga ane makore gumi namashanu okuberekwa, akapinda muMilan Conservatory. Pano Pasta akadzidza naBonifacio Asiolo kwemakore maviri. Asi rudo rweimba yeopera rwakakunda. Giuditta, achisiya nzvimbo yekuchengetedza, anotanga kutora chikamu mumitambo yeamateur. Ipapo anopinda muchikamu chehunyanzvi, achiita muBrescia, Parma uye Livorno.

Debut yake pachikuva nyanzvi haina kubudirira. Muna 1816, akasarudza kukunda vatorwa uye akaenda Paris. Kutamba kwake kuItaly Opera, uko Catalani aitonga zvakanyanya panguva iyoyo, hakuna kucherechedzwa. Mugore iroro, Pasta, pamwe chete nomurume wake Giuseppe, uyewo muimbi, vakatanga rwendo kuenda London. Muna Ndira 1817, akaimba kekutanga paRoyal Theatre muCimarosa's Penelope. Asi hapana ichi kana mamwe maopera akaita kuti abudirire.

Asi kukundikana kwakangokurudzira Giuditta. "Adzokera kunyika yake," anonyora VV Timokhin, - achibatsirwa nemudzidzisi Giuseppe Scappa, akatanga kushanda pazwi rake nekutsungirira kunoshamisa, achiedza kuipa kupenya kwakanyanya uye kufamba, kuti awane kuenzana kwezwi, pasina kusiya. panguva imwe cheteyo fundo inorwadza yerutivi runoshamisa rwezvikamu zveopera.

Uye basa rake rakanga risiri pasina - kutanga kubva 1818, muoni aigona kuona Pasta itsva, akagadzirira kukunda Europe nounyanzvi hwake. Zvaakaita muVenice, Rome neMilan zvakabudirira. Mumatsutso a1821, vaParisi vakateerera nechido chikuru kune muimbi. Asi, zvichida, kutanga kwenguva itsva - "nguva yePasta" - kwaiva kuita kwake kwakakosha muVerona muna 1822.

"Inzwi remuimbi, richidedera uye rine shungu, rinosiyaniswa nesimba rinoshamisa uye kuwanda kweruzha, zvakasanganiswa nehunyanzvi hwekuita uye mutambo wepamhepo unofadza, wakanakidza zvikuru," anonyora VV Timokhin. - Achangodzokera kuParis, Pasta akaziviswa muimbi wekutanga-mutambi wenguva yake ...

… Rossini's Tancred), Medea inotyisa ("Medea" yakanyorwa naCherubini), Romeo munyoro ("Romeo naJuliet" naZingarelli), kunyange vachengeti vekare vakaratidza kufara kwavo kwechokwadi.

Nekunyanya kubata uye lyricism, Pasta akaita chikamu cheDesdemona (Othello naRossini), kwaakazodzokera kakawanda, nguva yega yega achiita shanduko dzakakosha dzakapupurira kusimba kwemuimbi, chishuwo chake chekunzwisisa zvakadzama uye kutaura chokwadi chimiro. ye heroine yaShakespeare.

Mudetembi mukuru ane makore makumi matanhatu enhamo Francois Joseph Talma, akanzwa muimbi, akadaro. “Nhai madam mazadzisa chishuwo changu. Iwe une zvakavanzika zvandakaramba ndichitsvaga uye nekuramba ndichitsvaga kubva pakutanga kwebasa rangu remitambo, kubvira ini ndichifunga kugona kubata moyo chinangwa chepamusoro chehunyanzvi.

Kubva 1824 Pasta akaitawo muLondon kwemakore matatu. Muguta guru reEngland, Giuditta akawana vanoyemura vakawanda semuFrance.

Kwemakore mana, muimbi akaramba ari soloist neItaly Opera muParis. Asi pakava nekupopotedzana nemuimbi ane mukurumbira uye mutungamiriri wenhandare, Gioacchino Rossini, mune akawanda maopera aakaita zvinobudirira. Pasta yakamanikidzwa muna 1827 kusiya guta guru reFrance.

Nekuda kwechiitiko ichi, vateereri vazhinji vekune dzimwe nyika vakakwanisa kujairana nehunyanzvi hwePasta. Pakupedzisira, mukutanga kwe30s, Italy yakaziva muimbi semuimbi wekutanga wenguva yake. Kukunda kwakakwana kwakamirira Giuditta muTrieste, Bologna, Verona, Milan.

Mumwe muimbi ane mukurumbira, Vincenzo Bellini, akazova munhu anoyemura zvikuru tarenda remuimbi wacho. Mumunhu wake, Bellini akawana mutambi ane hunyanzvi wemabasa aNorma naAmina mumitambo inonzi Norma naLa sonnambula. Pasinei nenhamba huru yevasina chokwadi, Pasta, akazviitira mukurumbira nekududzira magamba emhando mumabasa aRossini, akakwanisa kutaura izwi rake rinorema mukududzirwa kwemaitiro aBellini akapfava, akaora mwoyo.

Muzhizha ra1833, muimbi akashanyira London pamwe Bellini. Giuditta Pasta akazvikunda muNorma. Kubudirira kwake mubasa iri kwaive kwakakwirira kudarika mumabasa ose apfuura akaitwa nemuimbi kare. Kufarira kwevoruzhinji kwakanga kusina muganhu. Murume wake, Giuseppe Pasta, akanyorera vamwene vake kuti: "Nekuda kwekuti ndakatendisa Laporte kuti ape mamwe ekudzokorora, uye zvakare nekuda kwekuti Bellini pachake akatungamira kwaya uye orchestra, opera yakagadzirirwa senge kwete. imwe repertoire yeItaly muLondon, saka kubudirira kwake kwakapfuura zvose zvinotarisirwa naGiuditta uye tariro yeBellini. Mukati memutambo wacho, “misodzi yakawanda yakayerera, uye kuombera kunoshamisa kwakanzwika muchiito chechipiri. Giuditta aiita seakazvarwa patsva segamba rake uye akaimba nechido chakadaro, chaanokwanisa chete kana achinge akurudzirwa kuti adaro nechimwe chikonzero chinoshamisa. Mutsamba imwe chete kuna amai vaGiuditta, Pasta Bellini anosimbisa mune imwe postscript zvese zvakataurwa nemurume wake: "Nezuro Giuditta wako akafadza munhu wese aivepo munhandare achichema, handisati ndambomuona akakura kudaro, anoshamisa, akafuridzirwa ..."

Muna 1833/34, Pasta akaimba zvakare muParis - muOthello, La sonnambula naAnne Boleyn. "Kekutanga, veruzhinji vakafunga kuti muimbi aisazofanira kugara pachikuva kwenguva refu asina kukuvadza mukurumbira wake wepamusoro," anonyora VV Timokhin. -Inzwi rake rakaderera zvakanyanya, rakarasikirwa nerekare uye simba, matauriro akave asina chokwadi, ega ega episodhi, uye dzimwe nguva bato rese, Pasta aiwanzoimba hafu yetoni, kana kunyange toni yakaderera. Asi semutambi, akaramba achivandudza. VaParisi vakanyanya kushamiswa nehunyanzvi hwekuedzesera, uhwo muimbi akaziva, uye kunyengetedza kunoshamisa kwaaitaura nawo mavara eakapfava, anoyevedza Amina uye anoshamisa, ane hurombo Anne Boleyn.

Muna 1837, Pasta, mushure mekuita muEngland, anorega kwenguva pfupi kubva pachikuva uye anogara kunyanya muimba yake pamhenderekedzo yeLake Como. Kare muna 1827, Giuditta akatenga muBlevio, mune imwe nzvimbo diki kune rimwe divi regungwa, iyo Villa Rhoda, yaimbova yeakapfuma mugadziri wezvipfeko, Empress Josephine, mukadzi wekutanga waNapoleon. Sekuru vemuimbi, injiniya Ferranti, akarayira kutenga imba uye kuidzorera. Chirimo chakatevera, Pasta akatouya ikoko kuzozorora. Villa Roda yakanga iri chidimbu cheparadhiso, "rufaro", sekutaura kwaMilanese panguva iyoyo. Yakaiswa pafacade nemarble chena mune yakaomesesa classical style, imba iyi yakamira pamhenderekedzo chaipo pegungwa. Vaimbi vane mukurumbira nevadi veopera vakadirana pano kubva muItaly yese uye kubva kunze kwenyika kuti vazvipupurire ivo pachavo nezvekuremekedza kwavo tarenda rekutanga rinoshamisa muEurope.

Vakawanda vakatojaira kune pfungwa yokuti muimbi akazopedzisira asiya danho, asi mumwaka we1840/41, Pasta zvakare anoshanyira. Panguva ino akashanyira Vienna, Berlin, Warsaw uye akasangana nekugamuchirwa kunoshamisa kwese kwese. Ipapo kwaiva nemakonzati ake muRussia: muSt. Petersburg (November 1840) uye muMoscow (January-February 1841). Zvechokwadi, panguva iyoyo mikana yaPasta semuimbi yakanga isina kukwana, asi pepanhau reRussia harina kutadza kuona unyanzvi hwake hwakanaka hwekuita, kutaura uye manzwiro emutambo.

Zvinofadza kuti kushanya muRussia kwaisava kwekupedzisira muhupenyu hwemuimbi. Makore gumi chete gare gare, akazopedzisa basa rake rakanaka, achiita muLondon muna 1850 nemumwe wevadzidzi vake vaaida muzvikamu zveopera.

Pasta akafa makore gumi nemashanu gare gare paimba yake muBlavio musi waApril 1, 1865.

Pakati peakawanda mabasa ePasta, kutsoropodza kwaigara kuchiratidzira kuita kwake kwezvikamu zvinoshamisa uye zvehugamba, senge Norma, Medea, Boleyn, Tancred, Desdemona. Pasta yakaita zvikamu zvake zvakanakisisa nehukuru hunokosha, kugadzikana, plastiki. “Mune aya mabasa, Pasta yakanga iri nyasha pachayo,” anonyora kudaro mumwe wevatsoropodzi. "Matambiro ake, chimiro chechiso, majeti emaoko aive akasarudzika, echisikigo, ane nyasha zvekuti chimiro chese chaimubata, chimiro chechiso chakapinza chaidhinda manzwiro ese aitaurwa nezwi rake ...". Zvisinei, Pasta, mutambi wechienzi, haana kutongodzora Pasta muimbi: iye “haana kutongokanganwa kuridza nokuda kwokuimba,” achidavira kuti “muimbi anofanira zvikurukuru kudzivisa kufamba kwomuviri kwakawedzera kunodzongonyedza kuimba ndokushatisa bedzi.”

Zvaisaita kuti ndisayemura kutaura uye shungu dzekuimba kwaPasta. Mumwe weava vateereri akazova munyori Stendhal: “Tichisiya mutambo wacho nekutora rutivi kwaPasta, isu, takakatyamadzwa, hatina kukwanisa kurangarira chimwe chinhu chipi nechipi chakazadzwa nokudzika kumwe cheteko kwokunzwa kwatakakwezva muimbi. Zvakanga zvisina maturo kuedza kupa nhoroondo yakajeka yechiratidzo chakasimba uye chinoshamisa. Zvakaoma kutaura pakarepo kuti chii chakavanzika chekukanganisa kwayo kune veruzhinji. Iko hakuna chinhu chinoshamisa mutimbre yezwi rePasta; hazvisi kana nezvekufamba kwake kwakakosha uye vhoriyamu isingawanzo; chinhu chimwe chete chaanoyemura uye chinofadza nacho ndiko kuimba kwakapfava, kunobva pamwoyo, kukwezva uye kubata-bata zvakapetwa kaviri kunyange vaoni vakachema upenyu hwavo hwose bedzi nokuda kwemari kana mirairo.