Mhando dzemimhanzi ngano: chii uye chii?

Mhando dzemumhanzi ngano ndiwo marudzi makuru emabasa emimhanzi akagadzirwa nevanyori vasingazivikanwe uye akachengetedzwa nevanhu kwezvizvarwa zvakawanda kuburikidza nemuromo kutapurirana kubva kune mumwe munhu kuenda kune mumwe.

Tichataura nezvemhando idzi nhasi, asi chekutanga tichaunza kujekeswa maererano nemafungiro e "folklore" uye "genre" kuitira kuti pasave neanovhiringika.

Chii chinonzi folklore uye rudzi chii?

Kazhinji, izwi "folklore" haina chekuita chete nendima yekugadzira mimhanzi. Shoko iri ndereChirungu uye rinoturikirwa kuti . Isu tinoisa zviitiko zvakawanda zvetsika dzemweya sengano. Izvi zvinosanganisira ngano, tsika nengano, zvirevo netsumo, zvitsinga nezvitsinga, mashura nekufembera, kutamba, tsika dzechitendero nedzezororo, mitambo yakasiyana-siyana uye kunyange kuverenga nhetembo, nhetembo nemajee!

Genres -aya ndiwo marudzi akasimwa kare emabasa ane hunhu hwawo hwemukati uye chimiro, pamwe chete nechinangwa chehupenyu uye maficha ekuvapo kwavo nekuita. Mienzaniso yemhando dzemimhanzi ndeye opera, ballet, symphony, rwiyo, rudo, zvichingodaro.

Ndeapi marudzi emimhanzi yengano?

Kune huwandu hwakakura kwazvo hwemhando dzakasiyana dzemimhanzi pakati pevanhu vakasiyana (pasirese pasirese), saka mupfungwa yakajairika vanogona kukamurwa kuita. inzwi (dziya dzinoimbwa - kunyanya nziyo), shingairira (iyo inoridzwa - kazhinji nziyo) uye vocal-instrumental (zviri pachena kuti pano vanoimba nekutamba panguva imwe chete).

Mamwe marudzi mazhinji emimhanzi anogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvepasi rose zvemukati. Izvi epic (kana pane nyaya iri kutaurwa) Lyrics (kana iyo simbiso huru iri pamanzwiro) uye dhurama (kana chero chiito chaitwa).

Mhando dzenziyo dzechiRussian folk

Kupa mazita marudzi ese enziyo dzemumhanzi zvinoreva kugamuchira hukuru. Imwe neimwe mhando nyowani yerwiyo kana kutamba imhando yakaparadzana. Semuenzaniso, aya ese mazita emhando.

Isu tichagara mune zvakadzama nezvemhando dzeRussia folk mimhanzi. Rudzi rukuru pano irwo rwiyo, asi nziyo dzakasiyana uye saka kune akawanda marudzi emhando dzenziyo dzeRussia. Zvakanakisisa kurangarira marudzi aya nebasa raakaita muupenyu hwevanhu, mumamiriro ezvinhu api uye mumamiriro ezvinhu api aaigona kunzwiwa.

Uye mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kunge ari, semuenzaniso, anotevera - dzimwe nziyo dzinoimbwa kamwe pagore (pazuva reimwe zororo), dzimwe nziyo dzinosungirirwa kune imwe tsika uye dzinoitwa chete kana iyi tsika inoitwa (semuenzaniso, pa zuva rekuzvarwa, pazuva remuchato kana mariro). Kune nziyo dzinoimbwa muchando kana muchirimo chete, asi kune zvakare dzinogona kuimbwa gore rose chero zuva revhiki uye chero mamiriro ekunze. Nziyo idzi hadzina kusungirirwa nenguva kana tsika uye dzinoimbwa kana pachingova nechido chekudziimba - semuenzaniso, rwiyo rwekusuwa, pakusuwa, kana rwiyo rwerudo rusingafadzi, kana paine zvakadaro, kana rwiyo rwengano. yakataurwa nemunhu ane guslar apo iye vanhu vazhinji vari kuteerera.

Saka, nziyo dzechiRussia dzakaita seizvi:

1. Nziyo dzine hukama nekarenda uye mazororo ekarenda uye tsika (kukumbira uye kugamuchirwa kwechirimo, "larks", kutanga kwechirimo uye zhizha Trinity kutenderera kutamba, nziyo dzemwaka wekukohwa uye uswa, makorokoto neGore Idzva, makororo uye kufembera. nziyo, nziyo dzeOrivheti).
2. Nziyo dzine chokuita nezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana muupenyu hwemunhu pachake uye hwemhuri yevanhu (nziyo dzekuzvarwa kwemwana, nziyo dzerubhabhatidzo, nziyo dzemitambo, kutamba kwevana, hukuru, nziyo dzemuchato uye dzekutsvaga, kuchema kwemariro uye kuchema, minyengetero yechirangaridzo uye nhetembo dzemweya. )
3. Epic nziyo dzemhando (epics, ngano, buffoons uye ngano, dzimwe nhetembo dzemweya, ballads, nziyo dzenhoroondo).
4. Nziyo dzeLyrical (nziyo dzerudo - dzinofara uye dzisingatarisirwi, dzinosuruvarisa, nziyo dzinogara, "kutambura", nziyo dzeguta uye cants).
5. Nziyo dzehupenyu hwemazuva ese nemazororo (nziyo dzevarwi nedzemudzidzi, nziyo dzekufamba mugungwa, vashandi - vashandi vezvikepe, artel, nziyo dzevarimi, zororo - vivat, farce, nziyo dzenyambo uye ditties).

Saka, tichitendeukira kune zviri munziyo uye chinangwa chadzo muupenyu, tinogona kugovera zvine mamiriro ezvinhu marudzi enziyo dzenziyo mumapoka akadaro.

Kuti uwane muenzaniso wemumhanzi wemumhanzi wekare wekare weRussia, teerera kanditi "Dutu rinonyungudutsa gungwa" pamusoro pehutsinye hwevafambisi vezvikepe, hunoitwa nekwaya yechirume yakanyatso kurongeka.

Ancient Russian cant "Bore inonyungudutsa gungwa"