Dieterich Buxtehude (Dieterich Buxtehude) |

Dieterich Buxtehude

. inoonekwa serukudzo nevaimbi vakawanda veGerman. Akanga ari iye muna October 30 akauya kubva kuArnstadt (1705 km kure) kuzoteerera JS Bach uye, achikanganwa nezvebasa uye mabasa emutemo, akagara muLübeck kwemwedzi ye450 kuti adzidze neBuxtehude. I. Pachelbel, wepanguva yake mukurusa, mukuru wechikoro cheOrgan yeMiddle German, akatsaurira nziyo dzake kwaari. A. Reinken, munyori weogani akakurumbira uye munyori wenziyo, akasiya kuti avige pedyo neBuxtehude. GF Handel (3) pamwe chete neshamwari yake I. Mattheson vakauya kuzokotamira Buxtehude. Pesvedzero yeBuxtehude semuimbi uye muimbi yakaonekwa nevaimbi vese veGerman vekupera kwezana ramakore rechi1703 uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Buxtehude akararama hupenyu hune mwero hwakaita seBach aine mabasa emazuva ese semuimbi uye mutungamiriri wemimhanzi wemakonzati echechi (Abendmusiken, "mimhanzi vhesi" yaiitwa muLübeck pa2 Svondo yekupedzisira yeTiriniti uye 2-4 Svondo pamberi peKisimusi). Buxtehude akavagadzirira mimhanzi. Munguva yehupenyu hwemuimbi, 7 chete triosonates (op. 1 uye 2) yakabudiswa. Nziyo dzakasara zvikurukuru mumanyoro dzakaona chiedza gare gare zvikuru kupfuura rufu rwomunyori.

Hapana chinozivikanwa nezvehudiki hwaBuxtehude uye dzidzo yepakutanga. Zviri pachena kuti baba vake, muimbi ane mukurumbira, vaiva murairidzi wake wemimhanzi. Kubva 1657 Buxtehude akashanda semugadziri wechechi muHelsingborg (Skåne muSweden), uye kubvira 1660 muHelsingor (Denmark). Hukama hwepedyo hwehupfumi, hwezvematongerwo enyika uye hwetsika hwaivepo panguva iyoyo pakati penyika dzeNordic hwakavhura kuyerera kwemahara kwevaimbi veGerman kuenda kuDenmark neSweden. ChiGerman (Lower Saxon) chinobva Buxtehude chinoratidzwa nezita rake rekupedzisira (rinobatanidzwa nezita redhorobha diki riri pakati peHamburg neStade), mutauro wake wakachena wechiGerman, pamwe nemasainiro emabasa eDVN - Ditrich Buxte - Hude. , inowanikwa muGermany. Muna 1668, Buxtehude akatamira kuLübeck uye, aroora mwanasikana wemukuru wesangano reMarienkirche, Franz Tunder (yaive tsika yekugara nhaka iyi nzvimbo), inobatanidza hupenyu hwake nemabasa ese aitevera neguta iri rekuchamhembe kweGerman nekereke yaro yakakurumbira. .

Unyanzvi hweBuxtehude - kuvandudzwa kwenhengo yake yakafemerwa uye virtuoso, zvinyorwa zvizere nemurazvo nehukuru, kusuwa uye rudo, muchimiro chakajeka cheunyanzvi chairatidza pfungwa, mifananidzo uye pfungwa dzepamusoro dzeGerman baroque, dziri mumufananidzo weA. Elsheimer uye I. Schönnfeld, munhetembo yaA. Gryphius, I. Rist naK. Hoffmanswaldau. Mafungiro makuru enhengo mune yakasimudzwa oratorical, chimiro chepamusoro akatora mufananidzo iwoyo wakaoma uye unopokana wepasi sezvazvairatidzika kune maartist nevafungi venguva yeBaroque. Buxtehude inoburitsa nhanganyaya yenhengo diki iyo inowanzovhura sevhisi kuita mumhanzi wakakura wakapfuma mukusiyana, kazhinji kashanu-kufamba, kusanganisira kutevedzana kweatatu ekuvandudza uye maviri fugues. Kuvandudzwa kwakagadzirirwa kuratidza nyika inonyengera-yakashata, isingafungidzike inongoerekana yavapo, fugues - kunzwisisa kwayo kwehuzivi. Mamwe emafugues efungidziro dzenhengo anofananidzwa chete neakanakisa fugues eBach maererano nekushungurudzika kunotyisa kwekurira, hukuru. Iko kusanganiswa kwekuvandudzwa uye fugues kuita mumhanzi mumwechete wakagadzira mufananidzo wemativi matatu-matanho akawanda ekuchinja kubva kune imwe nhanho yekunzwisisa uye maonero enyika kuenda kune imwe, nekubatana kwavo kune simba, mutsara unoshamisa webudiriro, uchivavarira kuenda kune imwe nhanho. end. Buxtehude's organ fantasies chinhu chakasarudzika chehunyanzvi munhoroondo yemimhanzi. Vakanyanya kupesvedzera maumbirwo enhengo yaBach. Nzvimbo yakakosha yebasa raBuxtehude inhengo inogadziriswa yeGerman Protestant chorales. Iyi nharaunda yechinyakare yemimhanzi yenhengo yeGerman mumabasa eBuxtehude (pamwe naJ. Pachelbel) yakasvika pakakwirira. Kwaya yake inotangira, fungidziro, misiyano, partitas yakashanda semuenzaniso wekurongeka kwekwaya yaBach munzira dzekugadzira zvinhu zvekwaya uye nemisimboti yekubatana kwayo nemahara, zvinyorwa zvemvumo, zvakagadzirirwa kupa rudzi rwehunyanzvi "commentary" kune nhetembo dzechinyorwa chiri mukwaya.

Mutauro wemumhanzi wezvinyorwa zveBuxtehude unoratidzira uye une simba. Ruzha rwakakura rweruzha, runofukidza zvakanyanya kunyanyisa marejista enhengo, madonhwe akapinza pakati pepamusoro uye pasi; bold harmonic mavara, pathetic oratorical tonation - zvese izvi zvaive zvisina analogies mumimhanzi yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Basa raBuxtehude harina kugumira kumumhanzi weogani. Muimbi akatendeukirawo kumhando dzekamuri (trio sonatas), uye ku oratorio (zvizhinji zvaro zvisina kuchengetedzwa), uye kucantata (yemweya neyenyika, inodarika zana muhuwandu). Nekudaro, mimhanzi yeogani ndiyo musimboti webasa raBuxtehude, haisiriyo chete kuratidzwa kwepamusoro kwekufungidzira kwemunyori, hunyanzvi uye kurudziro, asiwo yakakwana uye yakakwana ratidziro yemafungiro ehunyanzvi enguva yake - rudzi rwemumhanzi "baroque". novel”.

Y. Evdokimova