Boris Alexandrovich Tchaikovsky |

Boris Tchaikovsky

Muimbi uyu akadzama Russian. Nyika yake yemweya inyika yezvido zvakachena uye zvepamusoro. Pane zvakawanda zvisina kutaurwa mumimhanzi iyi, humwe hunyoro hwakavanzika, kuchena kukuru kwemweya. G. Sviridov

B. Tchaikovsky ishe akajeka uye epakutanga, mune iro basa rekutanga, mavambo uye kusvibiswa kwakadzika kwemumhanzi kufunga kunopindirana. Kwemakumi emakore anoverengeka, munyori, pasinei nemiedzo yefashoni nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu evarindi, asingachinji anoenda nenzira yake muunyanzvi. Zvinokosha kuti anosuma sei noushingi mumabasa ake zviri nyore, dzimwe nguva kunyange nziyo dzinozivikanwa uye mutinhimira mafomula. Nokuti, adarika nepasefa yenzwisiso yake inoshamisa, huchenjeri husingapere, kukwanisa kuenderana nezvinoita sezvisingaenderani, chiridzwa chake chitsva, chakajeka, chakajeka, asi chakapfuma mukugadzirwa kwemavara, iyo molekuru yakajairika yeinzwi inoonekwa kumuteereri sekunge akazvarwa patsva. , inoburitsa hunhu hwayo, musimboti wayo ...

B. Tchaikovsky akaberekerwa mumhuri umo mimhanzi yaidiwa zvikuru uye vanakomana vavo vakakurudzirwa kuidzidza, avo vose vakasarudza mimhanzi sebasa ravo. Muhuduku, B. Tchaikovsky akagadzira zvidimbu zvepiyano zvekutanga. Zvimwe zvacho zvichiri kuverengerwa murepertoire yevechidiki vanoridza piyano. Muchikoro chakakurumbira chemaGnessins, akadzidza piyano nomumwe wevatangi vacho E. Gnesina naA. Golovina, uye mudzidzisi wake wokutanga mukunyora akanga ari E. Messner, murume akarera vaimbi vakawanda vakakurumbira, avo nenzira inoshamisa vaiziva nenzira yakarurama nzira yokuita nayo. tungamira mwana kugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara. mabasa ekunyora, kumuratidza zvinorehwa neshanduko dzemataurirwo enyika nekubatanidza.

Muchikoro uye kuMoscow Conservatory, B. Tchaikovsky akadzidza mumakirasi evakakurumbira veSoviet masters - V. Shebalin, D. Shostakovich, N. Myaskovsky. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakakosha zveunhu hwekusika hwemuimbi wechidiki zvakanyatso kuziviswa, izvo Myaskovsky akagadzira sezvinotevera: "Imba yekuRussia yakasarudzika, kukoshesa kwakasarudzika, yakanaka kuumba nzira ..." Panguva imwecheteyo, B. Tchaikovsky akadzidza muchikamu chebhuku kirasi yeanoridza piyano anoshamisa weSoviet L. Oborin. Muimbi wacho achiri kushanda semuturikiri wenziyo dzake nanhasi. Mukuita kwake, iyo Piano Concerto, Trio, Violin uye Cello Sonatas, Piano Quintet akanyorwa pamarekodhi egiramufoni.

Mukutanga nguva yebasa rake, munyori akagadzira akati wandei emabasa makuru: First Symphony (1947), Fantasia paRussian Folk Themes (1950), Slavic Rhapsody (1951). Sinfonietta yetambo orchestra (1953). Mune imwe neimwe yadzo, munyori anowana yekutanga, yakadzama yemunhu nzira kune inoita seinozivikanwa inozikanwa-melodic uye zvemukati-semantic mazano, kune echinyakare mafomu, hapana kwaanorasika kune stereotyped, stilted mhinduro dzakajairika mumakore iwayo. Hazvishamisi kuti nziyo dzake dzaisanganisira makondukita akadai saS. Samosud naA. Gauk murepertoire yavo. Mumakore gumi 1954-64, achizvimisa zvakanyanya kumunda wekamuri yezviridzwa zvemhando (Piano Trio - 1953; First Quartet - 1954; String Trio - 1955; Sonata yeCello naPiano, Concerto yeClarinet uye Chamber Orchestra - 1957; Sonata ye. Violin nepiyano - 1959; Second Quartet - 1961; Piano Quintet - 1962), muimbi haana kungogadzira izwi risinganzwisisike remumhanzi, asi akazivawo zvakakosha zvepasirese yake yekufananidzira, uko runako, rwakaiswa mumadingindira emimhanzi, muchiRussia. kusununguka, kusagadzikana, "laconic", inoratidzika sechiratidzo chekuchena kwetsika uye kutsungirira kwomunhu.

The Cello Concerto (1964) inotanga nguva itsva mubasa raB. Tchaikovsky, inoratidzirwa nemafungiro makuru e-symphonic anoisa mibvunzo inonyanya kukosha yekuve. Kusagadzikana, pfungwa mhenyu inobonderana mavari kungave nekusakendenga kusingamire kumhanya kwenguva, kana neinertia, tsika yemazuva ese etsika, kana nekupenya kunotyisa kwehasha dzisingadzoreki, dzisina tsitsi. Dzimwe nguva kudhumhana uku kunopera zvinosiririsa, asi kunyangwe ipapo ndangariro dzemuteereri dzinochengeta nguva dzeruzivo rwepamusoro, kukwira kwemweya wemunhu. Ndivo Chechipiri (1967) uye Chechitatu, "Sevastopol" (1980), symphonies; Dingindira uye Sere Kusiyana (1973, pachiitiko chegore re200 reDresden Staatskapelle); symphonic nhetembo "Mhepo yeSiberia" uye "Teenager" (mushure mekuverenga bhuku raF. Dostoevsky - 1984); Mimhanzi yeOrchestra (1987); Violin (1969) uye Piano (1971) concertos; Yechina (1972), Yechishanu (1974) uye Yechitanhatu (1976) quartets.

Dzimwe nguva kutaura kwenziyo kunoratidzika kunge kwakavanzwa kuseri kwehafu-kuseka, hafu-ironic masks e stylization kana dryish etude. Asi zvese zviri zviviri muPartita ye cello nechamber ensemble (1966) uye muChamber Symphony, mukupedzisira kusiririsa, pakati pezvimedu-maungira ezvakapfuura chorales uye mafambiro ekufamba, maunions uye toccatas, chimwe chinhu chisina kusimba uye chakavanzika chemunhu, mudikani, chinoratidzwa. . MuSonata yepiyano mbiri (1973) uye muMatanhatu Etudes yetambo uye nhengo (1977), kuchinjika kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemanyorero zvakare inovanza chirongwa chechipiri - sketches, "etudes" nezve manzwiro uye fungidziro, mutsauko wehupenyu hupenyu, zvishoma nezvishoma. kuumba mufananidzo unopindirana wezvinoreva, "nyika ine vanhu". Muimbi haawanzo tsvaga nzira dzakatorwa kubva mudura rezvimwe hunyanzvi. Basa rake rekupedza kudzidza panzvimbo yekuchengetedza - opera "Star" mushure meE. Kazakevich (1949) - yakaramba isina kupera. Asi kana tichienzanisa mashoma emabasa ezwi aB. Tchaikovsky akazvipira kumatambudziko akakosha: muimbi uye magumo ake (kutenderera "Pushkin's Lyrics" - 1972), fungidziro dzehupenyu nerufu (cantata ye soprano, harpsichord uye tambo "Zviratidzo zveZodiac" pa. F. Tyutchev, A. Blok, M. Tsvetaeva naN. Zabolotsky), pamusoro pemunhu uye zvisikwa (kutenderera "Last Spring" pachiteshi cheN. Zabolotsky). Muna 1988, pamutambo wemimhanzi yeSoviet muBoston (USA), Nhetembo ina dzeI. Brodsky, dzakanyorwa kare muna 1965, dzakaitwa kekutanga. Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, mimhanzi yavo munyika yedu yaizivikanwa chete mukunyora kwemunyori we1984 (Mana ekutanga ekamuri orchestra). Chete pamutambo weMoscow Autumn-88 iyo kutenderera kwakanzwika kekutanga muUSSR mune yayo yekutanga shanduro.

. Nzou” nemamwe akawanda, anozivikanwawo nekutenda marekodhi egiramufoni. Kune zvese zviri nyore zvekunze uye kusava nehanya, kune zvakawanda zvehungwaru ruzivo, zviyeuchidzo zvisinganzwisisiki, asi kunyange zvidiki zvidiki zve schlager standardization, stampedness, izvo zvigadzirwa zvakadaro dzimwe nguva zvinotadza, hazvipo zvachose. Kungofanana nekutsva, kwakanyatsojeka uye kunogutsa mhinduro dzake dzemumhanzi mumafirimu akadai seSeryozha, Muchato waBalzaminov, Aibolit-66, Patch uye Cloud, French Lessons, Teenager.

Nenzira yekufananidzira, mumabasa aB. Tchaikovsky pane zvinyorwa zvishoma, asi mimhanzi yakawanda, mhepo yakawanda, nzvimbo. Matauriro ake haasi ekurambidza, asi kuchena kwavo uye hutsva zviri kure ne "makemikari akachena" murabhoritari kuedza, akasunungurwa nemaune kubva kudikidiki yemazuva ese ekutaura, uye kubva mukuyedza "kutamba" nenzvimbo ino. Unogona kunzwa kushanda nesimba kwepfungwa mavari. Mumhanzi uyu unoda basa rimwechete remweya kubva kumuteereri, uchimupa mukudzoka kunakidzwa kwepamusoro kubva mukunzwisisa kunzwisisika kwekubatana kwenyika, iyo chete yechokwadi art inogona kupa.

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