Antonina Nezhdanova |
Antonina Nezhdanova
Art yake inoshamisa, iyo yakafadza zvizvarwa zvakawanda zvevateereri, yava ngano. Basa rake rakatora nzvimbo yakakosha mudura rekuita kwenyika.
“Runako rwakasiyana, runako rwetimbre nemanzwi, kureruka kwakanaka uye kutendeseka kwenzwi, chipo chekuzvarwa patsva, kunzwisisa kwakadzama uye kwakakwana kwevavariro yemunyori uye manyorerwo, kuravira kwakanaka, iko kurongeka kwekufunga kwekufungidzira - izvi ndizvo zvinhu. yetarenda raNezhdanova,” anodaro V. Kiselev.
Bernard Shaw, akashamiswa nekutamba kwaNezhdanova kwenziyo dzeRussia, akapa muimbi uyu mufananidzo wake wakanyorwa kuti: “Iye zvino ndava kunzwisisa kuti sei zvisikwa zvakandipa mukana wekurarama kusvika makore makumi manomwe – kuti ndinzwe zvakanakisisa zvezvisikwa – Nezhdanova. .” Muvambi weMoscow Art Theatre KS Stanislavsky akanyora kuti:
"Anodiwa, anoshamisa, anoshamisa Antonina Vasilievna! .. Unoziva here kuti nei wakanaka uye nei uchiwirirana? Nekuti wakabatanidza: izwi resirivheri rerunako runoshamisa, tarenda, mimhanzi, kukwana kwehunyanzvi nemweya wekusingaperi, wakachena, mutsva uye usina njere. Inorira sezwi rako. Chii chingave chakanyanya kunaka, chinoyevedza uye chisingadzivisiki kupfuura kupenya kwakasikwa data yakasanganiswa nekukwana kwehunyanzvi? Iyo yekupedzisira yakakubhadharira mabasa makuru ehupenyu hwako hwese. Asi isu hatizive izvi kana iwe ukatishamisa nekureruka kwehunyanzvi, dzimwe nguva unounzwa kune prank. Art uye tekinoroji zvave yako yechipiri organic hunhu. Iwe unoimba seshiri nokuti haugoni kurega kuimba, uye uri mumwe wavashoma vachaimba kwazvo kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva ako, nokuti wakazvarirwa izvozvi. Iwe uri Orpheus mune chipfeko chemukadzi asingambofa akatyora mbira yake.
Semuimbi uye munhu, seanoyemura anogara achiyemura uye shamwari, ndinoshamiswa, ndinopfugama pamberi pako uye kukudza nekukuda.
Antonina Vasilievna Nezhdanova akaberekwa musi waJune 16, 1873 mumusha weKrivaya Balka, pedyo neOdessa, mumhuri yevadzidzisi.
Tonya aingova nemakore manomwe apo kupinda kwake mukwaya yechechi kwakakwezva vanhu vakawanda. Inzwi romusikana wacho rakabata vamwe vomumusha wacho, avo vakati vachiyemura: “Hoyu canary, heino inzwi nyoro!”
Nezhdanova pachake akayeuka kuti: "Nemhaka yekuti mumhuri yangu ndakanga ndakakomberedzwa nenharaunda yemimhanzi - hama dzangu dzakaimba, shamwari neshamwari dzakatishanyira dzakaimbawo uye dzakatamba zvikuru, mano angu emimhanzi akakura zvakanyanya.
Amai vaiva nezwi rakanaka, sababa, ndangariro dzemimhanzi uye kunzwa kwakanaka. Ndichiri mwana, ndakadzidza kwavari kuimba nziyo dzakasiyana-siyana ndichiteerera. Pandaiva mutambi wemitambo paBolshoi Theater, amai vangu vaiwanzoenda kumitambo yeopera. Mangwana acho akanyatso kuhon'era nziyo dzaakanga anzwa kubva kuma opera nezuro wacho. Kusvikira akwegura zvikuru, inzwi rake rakaramba rakajeka uye riri pamusoro.
Pazera remakore mapfumbamwe, Tonya akaendeswa kuOdessa uye akatumirwa ku2 Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium. Muimba yokurovedzera muviri, akamira zvinooneka nenzwi rake remutinhimira wakanaka. Kubva mugiredhi rechishanu, Antonina akatanga kuita ega.
Basa rinokosha muupenyu hweNezhdanova rakaitwa nemhuri yemutungamiriri weChikoro cheVanhu VI Farmakovsky, kwaakawana kwete chete kutsigirwa kwetsika, asiwo rubatsiro rwezvinhu. Apo baba vake vakafa, Antonina akanga ari mugiredhi rechinomwe. Akaerekana ava musimboti wemhuri.
Yaiva Farmakovsky uyo akabatsira musikana kubhadhara giredhi rechisere rejiminasi. Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza, Nezhdanova akanyoreswa mubasa rekusununguka semudzidzisi paOdessa City Girls' School.
Pasinei nekuoma kwehupenyu, musikana anowana nguva yekushanyira Odessa theatre. Akarohwa nemuimbi Figner, kuimba kwake kwakangwara kwakagadzira zvinoshamisa paNezhdanova.
"Kwakanga kuri kuonga kwaari kuti ndakava nepfungwa yekudzidza kuimba ndichiri kushanda somudzidzisi mune chimwe chezvikoro zveOdessa," anonyora kudaro Nezhdanova.
Antonina anotanga kudzidza muOdessa nemudzidzisi wekuimba SG Rubinstein. Asi pfungwa dzekudzidza kune imwe yedzimba dzeguta guru dzinouya kakawanda uye nekusimbirira. Kutenda nerubatsiro rwaDr. MK Burda musikana anoenda kuSt. Petersburg kuti apinde muchengeti. Apa akundikana. Asi mufaro wakanyemwerera Nezhdanova muMoscow. Gore rezvidzidzo paMoscow Conservatory ratotanga, asi Nezhdanova akaongororwa nemukuru weConservatory VI Safonov uye purofesa wekuimba Umberto Mazetti. Kuimba kwake ndaimufarira.
Vese vaongorori nevanyori venhoroondo vanobvumirana mukutenda kwavo chikoro cheMazetti. Sekureva kwaLB Dmitriev, "aive muenzaniso wemumiriri wetsika yemimhanzi yekuItaly, aikwanisa kunzwa zvakadzama nezve mhanzi yeRussia, dhizaini yekuRussia uye nehunyanzvi kusanganisa izvi zvimiro zvechikoro cheRussia chezwi netsika dzeItaly. kugona kugona kuimba.
Mazetti aiziva kuzivisa kumudzidzi hupfumi hwemimhanzi hwebasa racho. Achiperekedza vadzidzi vake zvine hungwaru, akavakwezva nekufambiswa kwemanzwiro echinyorwa chemimhanzi, hukasha, uye hunyanzvi. Kubva pamatanho ekutanga, ichida kuimba kunoreva uye ruzha rwemanzwiro ezwi, panguva imwe chete akateerera zvakanyanya kunaka uye kutendeka kwekuumbwa kwenzwi rekuimba. “Imba zvinoyevedza” ndechimwe chezvaidiwa naMazetti.
Muna 1902, Nezhdanova akapedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory ane menduru yegoridhe, achiva munyori wekutanga kugamuchira mutsauko wakadaro. Kubva gore iro kusvika 1948, akaramba ari soloist neBolshoi Theatre.
Musi waApril 23, 1902, mutsoropodzi SN Kruglikov: "Mudiki debutante akaita saAntonida. Kufarira kunoshamisa kwakamutswa muvateereri neanovice mutambi, kufarira uko veruzhinji vakatsinhana maonerwo pamusoro peAntonida mutsva, kubudirira kwake kwakasimba pakarepo mushure mekuita kwakanaka, kuri nyore kwekubuda kwearia, iyo, sezvaunoziva, ndeyakanyanya. nhamba dzakaoma dzemabhuku eopera, ipai kodzero yese yekuve nechivimbo chekuti Nezhdanov ane remangwana rinofadza uye rakajeka remangwana. "
Mumwe wevatambi vanodiwa zvikuru nemuimbi SI Migai anoyeuka kuti: “Somuteereri wezvaairidza munziyo dzaGlinka, zvakandifadza zvikuru. Mune basa raAntonida, mufananidzo wemusikana wechiRussia ari nyore akasimudzwa naNezhdanova kusvika pakukwirira kunoshamisa. Ruzha rwese rwechikamu ichi rwakazadzwa nemweya wehunyanzvi hwechiRussia, uye mutsara wese waive chizaruro kwandiri. Kuteerera kuna Antonina Vasilievna, ndakakanganwa zvachose nezvematambudziko ezwi e cavatina "Ndinotarisa mumunda wakachena ...", kusvika pamwero wandakafadzwa nechokwadi chemoyo, chakabatanidzwa mumanzwi ezwi rake. Pakanga pasina mumvuri we "tuning" kana kushungurudzika mukuita kwake kwerudo "Handisi kuchema nekuda kweizvozvo, vasikana", yakazara nekusuwa kwechokwadi, asi kwete imwe inotaura nezvehutera hwepfungwa - muchimiro chemwanasikana we. gamba remurombo, mumwe ainzwa simba uye hupfumi hwesimba ”.
Chikamu cheAntonida chinovhura chinyorwa chemifananidzo inonakidza yakagadzirwa naNezhdanova muma operas nevanyori veRussia: Lyudmila (Ruslan naLyudmila, 1902); Volkhov ("Sadko", 1906); Tatiana ("Eugene Onegin", 1906); The Snow Maiden (opera yezita rimwe chete, 1907); Mambokadzi weShemakhan (The Golden Cockerel, 1909); Marfa (Mwenga waTsar, February 2, 1916); Iolanta (opera yezita rimwe chetero, January 25, 1917); The Swan Princess ("The Tale of Tsar Saltan", 1920); Olga ("Mermaid", 1924); Parasya ("Sorochinskaya Fair", 1925).
"Mune rimwe nerimwe remabasa aya, muimbi akawana hunhu hwepfungwa, mavambo erudzi, achinyatsogona hunyanzvi hwechiedza uye ruvara uye mumvuri, achienderana nezwi reizwi nedhirowa yedariro yakanyatsowanikwa, ine laconic uye capacious zvinoenderana nechitarisiko chinoyevedza, zvipfeko zvinonyatsofungwa,” anonyora kudaro V. Kiselev. "Magamba ake ese akabatanidzwa nerunako rwechikadzi, kutarisira kunodedera kwemufaro nerudo. Ndokusaka Nezhdanova, aine yakasarudzika lyric-coloratura soprano, zvakare akatendeukira kune zvikamu zvakagadzirirwa lyric soprano, senge Tatyana muEugene Onegin, achiwana kuzara kwehunyanzvi.
Zvinokosha kuti Nezhdanova akasika danho rake hunyanzvi - mufananidzo waMarita muTsar's Mwenga anenge pakati pebasa rake, muna 1916, uye haana kupatsanurana nebasa iri kusvika kumagumo, kusanganisira chiitiko kubva pachiri mukupemberera kwake kwegore ra1933. .
Rwiyo rwerudo nekugadzikana kwemukati, kuberekwa kweunhu kuburikidza nerudo, kukwirira kwekunzwa - dingindira rebasa rose reNezhdanova. Mukutsvaga mifananidzo yemufaro, kusava nehanya kwevakadzi, kuchena kwechokwadi, mufaro, muimbi akauya kubasa raMarita. Munhu wose akanzwa Nezhdanova mubasa iri akakundwa nekururama, kutendeseka kwemweya, uye hukuru hwe heroine yake. Muiti wemifananidzo, zvaiita sekuti aibatirira pachokwadi chekurudziro - kuziva kwevanhu netsika dzavo uye tsika dzakanaka dzakasimbiswa kwemazana emakore.
Mune ndangariro dzake, Nezhdanova anoti: "Basa raMarita rakandibudirira chaizvo. Ndinozviona sebasa rangu repamusoro, rekorona ... Pachikuva, ndakararama hupenyu chaihwo. Ndakadzidza zvakadzama uye nokungwarira chitarisiko chese chaMartha, ndikanyatsofunga uye nekunzwisisa izwi rega rega, mutsara wega wega uye kufamba, ndakanzwa basa rese kubva pakutanga kusvika kumagumo. Zvakawanda zvemashoko anoratidza mufananidzo waMarfa akaonekwa atova pachikuva panguva yechiito, uye chiitiko chimwe nechimwe chakaunza chimwe chinhu chitsva.
Imba huru dze opera munyika dzakarota kupinda muzvibvumirano zvenguva refu ne "Russian nightingale", asi Nezhdanova akaramba zvisungo zvinobata kumeso. Kamwe chete muimbi mukuru wokuRussia akabvuma kuita pachikuva cheParisian Grand Opera. MunaEpril-May 1912, akaimba chikamu cheGilda muRigoletto. Vamwe vake vaive vaimbi veItaly vane mukurumbira Enrico Caruso naTitta Ruffo.
"Kubudirira kwaMai Nezhdanova, muimbi achiri kuzivikanwa muParis, kwakaenzana nekubudirira kwevamwe vake vakakurumbira Caruso naRuffo," akanyora kudaro mutsoropodzi weFrance. Rimwe bepanhau rakanyora kuti: “Izwi rake, kutanga, rine kujeka kunoshamisa, kutendeseka kwekutaura uye kureruka nemarejista akakwana. Ipapo anoziva nzira yokuimba, achiratidza ruzivo rwakadzama rwounyanzvi hwokuimba, uye panguva imwe cheteyo anoita tsinhiro inoorora pavateereri. Kune vashoma maartist munguva yedu avo vane manzwiro akadaro vanogona kuendesa chikamu ichi, icho chine mutengo chete kana chaunzwa zvakakwana. Mai Nezhdanova vakawana kuita uku kwakakodzera, uye kwakange kwanyatsozivikanwa nemunhu wese.
Munguva dzeSoviet, muimbi akatenderera maguta akawanda enyika, anomiririra Bolshoi Theater. Mabasa ake emakonzati ari kuwedzera kakawanda.
Kwemakore anoda kusvika makumi maviri, kusvikira Hondo Yenyika I, Nezhdanova aigara achitaura paredhiyo. Shamwari yake yenguva dzose mumitambo yekamuri yaiva N. Golovanov. Muna 1922, nemuimbi uyu, Antonina Vasilievna akaita rwendo rwekukunda rweWestern Europe uye nyika dzeBaltic.
Nezhdanova akashandisa hupfumi hwechiitiko semuimbi weopera uye wekamuri mubasa rake rekudzidzisa. Kubva 1936, akadzidzisa paOpera Studio yeBolshoi Theatre, ipapo paOpera Studio inonzi KS Stanislavsky. Kubva 1944, Antonina Vasilievna ari purofesa paMoscow Conservatory.
Nezhdanova akafa June 26, 1950 muMoscow.
