Andrey Melytonovich Balanchivadze (Andrey Balanchivadze) |

Andrey Balanchivadze

Basa raA. Balanchivadze, munyori akatanhamara weGeorgia, rava peji rakajeka mukuvandudzwa kwetsika dzemimhanzi yenyika. Nezita rake, zvakawanda pamusoro pemumhanzi weGeorgian nyanzvi dzakaonekwa kekutanga. Izvi zvinoshanda kumhando dzakadai seballet, piano concerto, "mubasa rake, kufunga kweGeorgian symphonic kekutanga kwakaonekwa muchimiro chakadaro chakakwana, nekureruka kwakadaro" (O. Taktakishvili). A. Balanchivadze akaunza boka renyeredzi revanyori verepublic, pakati pevadzidzi vake R. Lagidze, O. Tevdoradze, A. Shaverzashvili, Sh. Milorava, A. Chimakadze, B. Kvernadze, M. Davitashvili, N. Mamisashvili nevamwe.

Balanchivadze akaberekerwa muSt. “Baba vangu, Meliton Antonovich Balanchivadze, vaiva muimbi ane hunyanzvi… Ndakatanga kuimba ndiine makore masere. Zvisinei, akanyatsotora mimhanzi muna 1918, mushure mokunge atamira kuGeorgia. Muna 1918, Balanchivadze akapinda Kutaisi Musical College, iyo yakavambwa nababa vake. Muna 1921-26. zvidzidzo paTiflis Conservatory mukirasi yekuumbwa naN. Cherepnin, S. Barkhudaryan, M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, anoedza ruoko rwake pakunyora zvidimbu zviduku. Mumakore mamwechetewo, Balanchivadze akashanda semugadziri wemimhanzi yemitambo yeProletcult Theatre yeGeorgia, Satire Theatre, Tbilisi Workers 'Theatre, nezvimwewo.

Muna 1927, sechikamu cheboka revaimbi, Balanchivadze akatumirwa nePeople's Commissariat of Education yeGeorgia kuti adzidze paLeningrad Conservatory, kwaakadzidza kusvika 1931. Pano A. Zhitomirsky, V. Shcherbachev, M. Yudina vakava vadzidzisi vake. . Apedza kudzidza muLeningrad Conservatory, Balanchivadze akadzokera kuTbilisi, kwaakakokwa naKote Marjanishvili kuti ashande muimba yemitambo yaaitungamirira. Munguva iyi, Balanchivadze akanyorawo mimhanzi yekutanga yeGeorgian inzwi mafirimu.

Balanchivadze akapinda muSoviet art pakupera kwe20s uye 30s. pamwe chete neboka rose renyeredzi revanyori vechiGeorgian, pakati pavo paiva naGr. Kiladze, Sh. Mshvelidze, I. Tuskia, Sh. Azmaiparashvili. Yakanga iri chizvarwa chitsva chevanyori venyika vakatora uye vakaenderera mberi nenzira yavo pachavo kubudirira kwevanyori vekare - vatangi vemimhanzi yezvenyanzvi yenyika: Z. Paliashvili, V. Dolidze, M. Balanchivadze, D. Arakishvili. Kusiyana nevakatangira avo, avo vakanyanya kushanda mumunda weopera, choral uye chamber-vocal music, chizvarwa chechidiki chevaGeorgian vanyori vakashandura zvakanyanya kumimhanzi yezviridzwa, uye mimhanzi yeGeorgian yakagadziridzwa nenzira iyi mumakore makumi maviri kusvika matatu anotevera.

Muna 1936, Balanchivadze akanyora basa rake rokutanga rinokosha - First Piano Concerto, iyo yakava muenzaniso wekutanga werudzi urwu mumhando yemimhanzi yenyika. Iyo inopenya thematic material yekonsati yakabatana nengano yenyika: inomiririra manzwi enziyo dzakasimba dzekufora, nziyo dzekutamba dzinonakidza, uye nziyo dzenziyo. Muchinyorwa ichi, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoonekwa nemaitiro aBalanchivadze mune ramangwana zvakatonzwika: nzira yekusiyana yekusimudzira, kushamwaridzana kwechigamba nemhando dzenziyo dzemhando, kunaka kwepiyano chikamu, chiyeuchidzo chepiyano. F. Liszt. Iyo heroic pathos inowanikwa mubasa iri, munyori achange ari mune imwe nzira itsva muChipiri Piano Concerto (1946).

Chiitiko chakakosha muhupenyu hwemimhanzi yerepublic yaive lyric-heroic ballet "Mwoyo Wemakomo" (1st edition 1936, 2nd edition 1938). Iro zano rakavakirwa parudo rwemuvhimi wechidiki Dzhardzhi kumwanasikana waPrince Manizhe uye zviitiko zvevarimi kurwisa kudzvinyirirwa kwehudzvinyiriri muzana ramakore re1959. Lyrical-romantic love scenes, izere nerunako runoshamisa uye nhetembo, inosanganiswa pano nevanhu, mhando-yemumba episodhi. Chinhu chekutamba kwevanhu, chakasanganiswa neyechinyakare choreography, chakava hwaro hweiyo dramaturgy uye mimhanzi mutauro we ballet. Balanchivadze anoshandisa round dance perkhuli, energetic sachidao (kutamba kwaiitwa panguva yehondo yenyika), militant mtiuluri, cheerful tseruli, heroic horumi, etc. Shostakovich akatenda zvikuru bhareti: “… anokudzwa uye ane mbiri, akawanda akakomba pathos anobva munhetembo dzakakomba. Mugadziri wekupedzisira hondo isati yatanga yaive lyric-comic opera Mziya, iyo yakaitwa muna XNUMX. Iyo yakavakirwa pachirongwa kubva kuhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwemusha wesocialist muGeorgia.

Muna 1944, Balanchivadze akanyora rwiyo rwake rwekutanga uye rwekutanga mumimhanzi yeGeorgian, yakatsaurirwa kune zviitiko zvemazuva ano. “Ndakanyora rwiyo rwangu rwokutanga mumakore aityisa ehondo… Muna 1943, panguva yokubhomba, hanzvadzi yangu yakafa. Ndaida kuratidzira zviitiko zvakawanda mune iyi symphony: kwete chete kusuruvara uye kushungurudzika kune vakafa, asiwo kutenda mukukunda, ushingi, ugamba hwevanhu vedu.

Mumakore epashure pehondo, pamwe chete nemuimbi wenziyo L. Lavrovsky, munyori wacho akashanda pa ballet Ruby Stars, yakawanda iyo yakazove chikamu chinokosha cheBallet Mapeji Oupenyu (1961).

Chiitiko chakakosha mubasa reBalanchivadze yaive Third Concerto yePiano uye String Orchestra (1952), yakatsaurirwa vechidiki. Kuumbwa kwacho kwakarongwa mune zvakasikwa, yakazara nekufamba-rwiyo rwemaimbo emumhanzi wemapiyona. “MuThird Concerto yePiano neString Orchestra, Balanchivadze mwana asina njere, anofara, uye anopenga,” anonyora kudaro N. Mamisashvili. Iyi concerto yakabatanidzwa mune repertoire yevakakurumbira piano veSoviet - L. Oborin, A. Ioheles. The Fourth Piano Concerto (1968) ine zvikamu zvitanhatu, umo munyori anotsvaga kutora hunhu hwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeGeorgia - hunhu hwavo, tsika, hupenyu: 6 awa - "Jvari" (temberi yakakurumbira yezana ramakore re1 Kartli), maawa matatu - "Tetnuld" (pamusoro pegomo muSvaneti), maawa mana - "Salamuri" (rudzi rwenyere yenyika), maawa mashanu - "Dila" (Mangwanani, manzwi enziyo dzeGurian choral anoshandiswa pano), maawa matanhatu - "Rion Sango" ( inodhirowa inoyevedza hunhu hweImeretin), maawa maviri - "Tskhratskaro" (Mapfumbamwe masosi). Mushanduro yepakutanga, kutenderera kwacho kwaive nezvimwe zvikamu makumi mashanu - "Vine" uye "Chanchkeri" ("Waterfall").

Yechina piyano concerto yakatangirwa neballet Mtsyri (1964, yakavakirwa padetembo raM. Lermontov). Mune ino ballet-nhetembo, iyo ine symphonic kufema kwechokwadi, kutarisa kwese kwemunyori kunonangidzirwa pamufananidzo we protagonist, iyo inopa kuumbwa maitiro e monodrama. Icho chiri nemufananidzo weMtsyra kuti 3 leitmotifs inosanganiswa, inova hwaro hwemhanzi dramaturgy yekuumbwa. “Pfungwa yekunyora bhareti maererano nerangano yaLermontov yakaberekwa naBalanchivadze kare kare,” anonyora kudaro A. Shaverzashvili. "Pakutanga, akagara paDhimoni. Zvisinei, chirongwa ichi chakaramba chisina kuzadzikiswa. Pakupedzisira, sarudzo yakawira pa "Mtsyri" ... "

"Kutsvaga kwaBalanchivadze kwakafambiswa nekusvika muSoviet Union kwemukoma wake George Balanchine, ane hunyanzvi, hutsva hwehunyanzvi hwakavhura mikana mitsva mukugadzirwa kwebhallet ... searches. Izvi zvakaronga mafambiro ebhora rake idzva. "

70-80s yakaratidzwa neakakosha kugadzira basa reBalanchivadze. Akasika yechitatu (1978), yechina ("Sango", 1980) uye yechishanu ("Youth", 1989) symphonies; Vocal-symphonic nhetembo "Obelisks" (1985); opera-ballet "Ganga" (1986); Piano Trio, Fifth Concerto (zvose 1979) uye Quintet (1980); Quartet (1983) uye mamwe manyorerwo enziyo.

"Andrey Balanchivadze ndemumwe wevasiki vakasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki mukusimudzira tsika dzemimhanzi yenyika. …Nekufamba kwenguva, mahorizoni matsva anovhurwa pamberi pemuimbi wega wega, zvinhu zvakawanda muhupenyu zvinoshanduka. Asi manzwiro ekuonga kukuru, kuremekedza kwechokwadi Andrei Melitonovich Balanchivadze, mugari ane nheyo uye musiki mukuru, anoramba anesu nokusingaperi "(O. Taktakishvili).

N. Aleksenko