Vasily Sergeevich Kalinnikov |

Vasily Kalinnikov

… Ndakapeperetswa nerunako rwechimwe chinhu chinodiwa, chakajairika… A. Chekhov. "Imba ine mezzanine"

V. Kalinnikov, munyori weRussia ane tarenda, akararama uye akashanda mu80s uye 90s. Zana ramakore rechi XNUMX Yakanga iri nguva yekukwira kwepamusoro kwetsika yeRussia, apo P. Tchaikovsky akagadzira ake ekupedzisira masterpieces, operas naN. Rimsky-Korsakov, anoshanda naA. Glazunov, S. Taneyev, A. Lyadov akaonekwa mumwe mushure memumwe, kutanga. zvinyorwa naS. Rachmaninov zvakaonekwa pamhanzi, A. Scriabin. Mabhuku echiRussian epanguva iyoyo aipenya nemazita akadai saL. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, I. Bunin, A. Kuprin, L. Andreev, V. Veresaev, M. Gorky, A. Blok, K. Balmont, S. Nadson ... Uye murukova urwu rukuru rwakanzwika inzwi rakapfava, asi rinoshamisa uye rakachena remimhanzi yaKalinnikov, iyo yakabva yawira murudo nevaimbi nevateereri, yakakundwa nekutendeseka, hukama, runako rusingadzivisiki rweRussia. B. Asafiev akadana Kalinnikov "Ring Ring yeRussia Music".

Njodzi inosuruvarisa yakawira munyori uyu, uyo akafa achangotanga masimba ake okusika. “Gore rechitanhatu ndanga ndichinetseka nekunwa doro, asi anondikundisa uye zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvechokwadi anonditora. Uye imhosva yese yemari yakatukwa! Uye zvakaitika kwandiri kuti ndirware kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu iwayo asingabviri mandaifanira kurarama uye kudzidza.

Kalinnikov akaberekerwa mumhuri ine urombo, hombe yemubatsiri, ane zvido zvakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune mamwe epurovhinzi. Panzvimbo pemakadhi, kudhakwa, makuhwa - basa rezuva nezuva rine utano uye mimhanzi. Kuimba kwekwaya yeAmateur, rwiyo rwengano rwedunhu reOryol rwakanga rwuri mayunivhesiti ekutanga emimhanzi yemunyori wenguva yemberi, uye chimiro chinoyevedza chenharaunda yeOryol, yakaimbwa nenhetembo naI. Turgenev, yakasimbisa fungidziro yemukomana uye fungidziro yehunyanzvi. Semwana, zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi zvaVasily zvakatungamirirwa nachiremba wezemstvo A. Evlanov, uyo akamudzidzisa zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi uye akamudzidzisa kutamba violin.

Muna 1884, Kalinnikov akapinda muMoscow Conservatory, asi gore rakatevera, nekuda kwekushaya mari yekubhadhara zvidzidzo zvake, akatamira kuMumhanzi uye Drama School yePhilharmonic Society, kwaaigona kudzidza mahara mukirasi yezviridzwa zvemhepo. Kalinnikov akasarudza bassoon, asi akabhadhara zvakanyanya kune zvidzidzo zvekubatana zvakadzidziswa naS. Kruglikov, muimbi ane zvakawanda. Akapindawo zvidzidzo zvenhoroondo paYunivhesiti yeMoscow, akaitwa mumitambo yeOpera inosungirwa uye makonzati ephilharmonic yevadzidzi vechikoro. Ndaifanirawo kufunga nezvekuita mari. Mukuedza kuderedza mamiriro emari emhuri, Kalinnikov akaramba rubatsiro rwemari kubva kumba, uye kuti arege kufa nenzara, akawana mari nekukopa manotsi, zvidzidzo zvepenny, kuridza mu orchestra. Chokwadi, akaneta, uye tsamba dzababa vake bedzi dzaimutsigira mutsika. "Inyura munyika yesainzi yemimhanzi," tinoverenga mune imwe yacho, "shanda ... Ziva kuti uchasangana nematambudziko nekukundikana, asi usapera simba, kurwisa ... uye usadzokera shure."

Kufa kwababa vake muna 1888 kwakarwadza zvikuru Kalinnikov. Mabasa ekutanga - 3 romances - akabuda kunze kwekudhindwa muna 1887. Mumwe wavo, "Pamurwi wekare" (paI. Nikitin station), yakabva yave yakakurumbira. Muna 1889, 2 symphonic debuts yakaitika: mune imwe yemakonti eMoscow, Kalinnikov yekutanga orchestral basa rakabudirira rakaitwa - symphonic pendi "Nymphs" yakavakirwa pachirongwa cheTurgenev's "Nhetembo muProse", uye pachiitiko chetsika paPhilharmonic. Chikoro akaitisa Scherzo yake. Kubva panguva ino zvichienda mberi, mimhanzi yeorchestra inowana kufarira kukuru kune munyori. Akarerwa parwiyo uye tsika dzekwaya, asina kumbonzwa chiridzwa chimwe chete kusvika pazera re12, Kalinnikov ari kuwedzera kukwezvwa nemimhanzi ye symphonic mumakore. Aidavira kuti “mimhanzi . . . kutaura idi, mutauro wezvimiro zvendangariro, ndiko kuti, zvimiro izvo zvomweya wedu zvisingatsananguriki namashoko uye zvisingagoni kurondedzerwa neimwe nzira.” Mabasa eOrchestra anoonekwa rimwe pashure peimwe: Suite (1889), iyo yakakunda mvumo yaTchaikovsky; 2 symphonies (1895, 1897), symphonic pendi "Cedar nePalm Tree" (1898), nhamba dze orchestra dzenhamo yaAK Tolstoy "Tsar Boris" (1898). Zvisinei, munyori anotendeukirawo kune mamwe marudzi - anonyora romances, choirs, piyano zvidimbu, uye pakati pavo "Sad Song" inodiwa nemunhu wese. Anotora kuumbwa kwe opera "Muna 1812", akatumwa naS. Mamontov, uye anopedzisa chirevo chacho.

Muimbi anopinda munguva yekutumbuka kwepamusoro-soro kwemasimba ake ekusika, asi panguva ino iyo tuberculosis yakavhurwa makore mashoma apfuura inotanga kufambira mberi. Kalinnikov anopikisa zvakasimba chirwere chinomudya, kukura kwemasimba emweya kunoenderana zvakananga nekupera kwemasimba enyama. "Teerera kumimhanzi yeKalinnikov. Ndekupi chiratidzo mairi chokuti aya manzwi enhetembo anodururwa mukuziva kuzere kwomunhu ari kufa? Mushure mezvose, hapana kana kugomera kana kurwara. Uyu mumhanzi une hutano kubva pakutanga kusvika kumagumo, mimhanzi yakatendeseka, ine hupenyu ... "akanyora mutsoropodzi wemimhanzi uye shamwari yaKalinnikov Kruglikov. "Mweya wezuva" - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo vanhu vemazuva ano vakataura nezvemunyori. Mumhanzi wake weharmonic, wakadzikama unoratidzika kuva unopenya chiedza chakapfava chinodziya.

Kunyanya kushamisa ndeye First Symphony, iyo inomutsa mapeji akafuridzirwa eChekhov's lyrical-landscape prose, kubvutwa kwaTurgenev nehupenyu, zvisikwa, uye runako. Nekuomerwa kukuru, nerubatsiro rweshamwari, Kalinnikov akakwanisa kuzadzisa kuita kweiyo symphony, asi payakanzwika kekutanga mukonzati yebazi reKyiv reRMS munaKurume 1897, kufora kwayo kwekukunda mumaguta. yeRussia neEurope yakatanga. "Anodiwa Vasily Sergeevich!" - Conductor A. Vinogradsky anonyorera Kalinnikov mushure mekuita kwe symphony muVienna. “Simphony yenyu yakahwinawo kuhwina kwakanaka nezuro. Chokwadi, iyi ndeimwe mhando yekukunda symphony. Kwese kwandinoriridza, munhu wese anorifarira. Uye chinonyanya kukosha, vese vaimbi nechaunga. " Kubudirira kwakanaka kwakawirawo kune iyo Yechipiri Symphony, inopenya, basa rinosimbisa hupenyu, rakanyorwa zvakanyanya, pamwero mukuru.

Muna Gumiguru 1900, mwedzi mina munyori asati afa, zvibodzwa uye clavier yeFirst Symphony zvakaburitswa neimba yekutsikisa yaJurgenson, zvichiunza mufaro mukuru kumunyori. Muparidzi, zvisinei, haana kubhadhara munyori chero chinhu. Muripo waakagamuchira wakanga uri nyengedzo yeshamwari idzo, pamwe chete naRachmaninov, vakaunganidza mari inodiwa nokunyoresa. Kazhinji, kwemakore mashoma apfuura Kalinnikov akamanikidzwa kuvapo chete pazvipo zvehama dzake, izvo kwaari, kungwara zvakanyanya munhau dzemari, yaive dambudziko. Asi kunakidzwa kwekugadzira, kutenda muhupenyu, kuda vanhu neimwe nzira kwakamusimudza pamusoro pehunyoro hwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Munhu ane mwero, anoshingirira, ane mutsa, munyori wenziyo uye mudetembi nemasikirwo - iyi ndiyo nzira yaakapinda nayo munhoroondo yetsika dzedu dzemimhanzi.

O. Averyanova