Topic circulation |

Topic reversal - countermovement, inversion (Latin inversio, Italian moto contrario, rovescio, riverso, rivoltato, French reversement, German die Umkehrung, die Gegenbewegung) - polyphonic. hunyanzvi hwekushandura dingindira, rinosanganisira kuridza nhanho dzayo munzira yakapesana kubva kune imwe ruzha rusingachinji: kukwira kumusoro kwedingindira mukufamba kwayo kukuru (kumberi) (lat. motus rectus) mukufamba kweshure (lat. motus. contrarius) inoenderana nekufamba pasi panguva imwecheteyo (uye zvinopesana). Inzwi risingachinjiki rinozivikanwa nedingindira mumisiyano mikuru uye yakapidiguka inonzi axis of reversal; musimboti, chero danho rinogona kushanda sezvariri. Mune iyo huru-diki tonal system, kuitira kuchengetedza kushanda kwakafanana kwezvisarudzo zviviri, dhigirii rechitatu rinowanzoshanda seakisi yekutenderera; muchimiro chakasimba (14-16 mazana emakore) ine yakasikwa diatonic. frets reversal inowanzoitwa yakatenderedza chetatu chetatu yakadzikira, iyo inovimbisa nzvimbo imwechete yemanzwi e tritone:

JS Bach. Iyo Art yeFugue, Counterpoint XIII.

Palestrina. Canonical Misa, Benedictus.

Mumadingindira ane chroma. O. kufamba kwe t. inoitwa nenzira yekuti, kana zvichibvira, kukosha kwehutano hwezvikamu zvinochengetedzwa - izvi zvinovimbisa kufanana kukuru mukutaura kwekudzokera shure uye kwakananga kufamba:

JS Bach. Iyo Yakanaka-Hasha Clavier, Vhoriyamu 1, Fugue fis-moll.

Techn. nyore uye unyanzvi. Kubudirira kwekugadzirisa dingindira kuburikidza nekutenderera kwakaratidza kushandiswa kwakasiyana uye kwakasiyana kweiyi nzira, kunyanya mumabasa emonothematic. Kune marudzi emafugue ane mhinduro yakapinduka (German Gegen-Fuge - ona JS Bach, The Art of the Fugue, No 5, 6, 7) uye canon ine inverted rispost (WA ​​Mozart, c-moll quintet, minuet); chikumbiro chinoshandiswa mumibatanidzwa yefugue (Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier, vol. 1, fugue in c-moll); dingindira riri kutenderera rinogona kupa stretta ine dingindira mukufamba kwakananga (Mozart, fugue in g-moll, K.-V. 401); dzimwe nguva dzinongokwana pamwe chete (Mozart, fugue c-moll, K.-V., 426). Kazhinji zvikamu zvakakura zvezvinyorwa zvinobva pane O. t. (Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier; vol. 1, fugue G-dur, counter-exposition; 2nd chikamu chegigue) uye kunyange mafomu ose (Bach, The Art of Fugue, No 12, 13; RK Shchedrin, Polyphonic Notebook , Nharo 7, 9). Kusanganiswa kweO.t. nedzimwe nzira dzekushandura dzakanyanya kupararira mumimhanzi yezana remakore rechi20. (P. Hindemith, "Ludus tonalis", cf. prelude uye postlude), kunyanya, yakanyorwa uchishandisa serial technique (JF Stravinsky, "Agon", Simple branle). Senzira yekusiyanisa nekusimudzira, kukwidza kunoshandiswa mune isiri-polyphonic. mumhanzi (SS Prokofiev, "Juliet-girl" kubva ku ballet "Romeo naJuliet"), kazhinji pamwe chete nedingindira mukufamba kwakananga (PI Tchaikovsky, 6th symphony, chikamu 2, vol. 17- 24; SS Prokofiev, 4th sonata , chikamu 2, mavhesi. 25-28).

References: Zolotarev VA, Fuga. Nhungamiro yezvidzidzo zvinoshanda, M., 1932, 1965, chikamu 13, Skrebkov SS, Polyphonic analysis, M. - L., 1940, chikamu 1, § 4; yake pachake, Textbook of polyphony, zvikamu 1-2, M. - L., 1951, M., 1965, § 11; Taneev SI, Movable counterpoint yekunyora kwakasimba, M., 1959, p. 7-14; Bogatyrev SS, Reversible counterpoint, M., 1960; Grigoriev SS, Muller TF, Zvinyorwa zvepolyphony, M., 1961, 1969, § 44; Dmitriev AN, Polyphony sechinhu chekuumba, L., 1962, ch. 3; Yu. N. Tyulin, The Art of Counterpoint, M., 1964, ch. 3.

VP Frayonov