Saxophone: tsananguro yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, nhoroondo, mhando, ruzha, kutamba

Iyo saxophone haigone kuzvirumbidza nezvekwakabva kare, idiki. Asi mumakore gumi nehafu chete ekuvapo kwayo, ruzha rwemashiripiti, rwemashiripiti rwechiridzwa ichi chemimhanzi rwakawana vateveri pasi rose.

Chii chinonzi saxophone

Iyo saxophone ndeyeboka rezviridzwa zvemhepo. Universal: yakakodzera kuita wega, duets, chikamu che orchestras (kazhinji - ndarira, zvishoma kazhinji - symphony). Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mujazi, blues, uye inodiwa nemapop artists.

Nehunyanzvi mobile, nemikana mikuru maererano nekuita mabasa emimhanzi. Inonzwika ine simba, inoratidzira, ine timbre ine mutinhimira. Rudzi rwechiridzwa rwakasiyana, zvichienderana nerudzi rwesaxophone (kune gumi nemana muhuwandu, 14 vari kushingaira kushandiswa ikozvino).

Iyo saxophone inogadzirwa sei

Nechekunze, ipombi refu yakakombama, ichiwedzera ichidzika. Zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira - alloys emhangura pamwe nekuwedzera kwetin, zinc, nickel, bronze.

Inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu zvikuru:

• "Eka". Iyo chubhu, iri pamusoro pechiridzwa, yakafanana netsamba yechiLatin "S" muchimiro chakakomberedzwa. Kumagumo kune muromo.
• Frame. Yakatwasuka kana kuti yakakombama. Iine mabhatani akawanda, maburi, machubhu, mavharuvhu anodiwa kuburitsa manzwi ehurefu hunodiwa. Huwandu hwemidziyo iyi hunosiyana zvichienderana nemuenzaniso wesaxophone, kubva pa19 kusvika pa25.
• Hwamanda. Chikamu chakatsva pamagumo esaxophone.

Mukuwedzera kune zvakakosha zvinhu, zvinhu zvakakosha ndezvi:

• Mouthpiece: chikamu chinogadzirwa neebonite kana simbi. Iine chimiro chakasiyana, ukuru, zvichienderana nerudzi rwemimhanzi yaunoda kuridza.
• Ligature: dzimwe nguva simbi, dehwe. Inoshandiswa kusungirira tsvimbo. Nesimbi yakaoma, inzwi rakarurama, neine isina simba - blurry, vibrating. Sarudzo yekutanga yakanaka kuita zvidimbu zvekirasi, yechipiri - jazz.
• Tsanga: Chidimbu chehuni kana purasitiki yakasungirirwa pamuromo ine ligature. Inouya muhukuru hwakasiyana zvichienderana nemabasa anopihwa kwairi. Basa rekugadzira ruzha. Saxophone yemapuranga inodanwa nekuda kwetsanga yakagadzirwa nematanda.

Nhoroondo yekusika

Nhoroondo yesaxophone yakabatana zvisingaite nezita reBelgian master Adolphe Sax. Uyu mugadziri ane tarenda ndiye baba veboka rose rezviridzwa, asi akasarudza kupa saxophone zita rekonsonanti rine zita rake. Ichokwadi, kwete pakarepo - pakutanga muumbi akapa chiridzwa zita rokuti "mouthpiece ophicleid".

Adolphe Sax akaedza neophicleide, iyo clarinet. Achibatanidza muromo we clarinet nemuviri weophicleid, akabudisa manzwi asina kujairika zvachose. Basa rekuvandudza dhizaini rakapedzwa muna 1842 - chiridzwa chitsva chemimhanzi chakaona chiedza. Yakabatanidza zvinhu zveoboe, clarinet, hutsva hwakanga huri chimiro chemuviri wakakomberedzwa muchimiro chebhii S. Musiki akagamuchira patent yezvakagadzirwa mushure memakore mana. Muna 4, chikoro chekutanga che saxophonists chakavhurwa.

Iyo isina kujairika timbre yesaxophone yakarova vanyori vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Izvo zvitsva zvakakurumidza kuverengerwa mukuumbwa kweiyo symphony orchestra, mabasa emimhanzi akaonekwa nekukurumidza, achikurudzira zvikamu zvesaxophone. Munyori wekutanga akamunyorera mimhanzi yaiva shamwari yepedyo yaA. Saks, G. Berlioz.

Iwo akajeka tarisiro akatyisidzirwa muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Dzimwe nyika dzakarambidza kutamba kwemasaxophone, pakati pavo USSR, Nazi Germany. Chishandiso ichi chakagoverwa muchivande, chaidhura zvakanyanya.

Apo muEurope kwaiva nekuderera kwakanyanya kwekufarira mukugadzirwa kweA. Sachs, kune rumwe rutivi rwePasi, muU.SA, yakabudirira. Iyo saxophone yakawedzera mukurumbira nefashoni yejazz. Akatanga kunzi "mambo we jazz", vakaedza kugona kutamba kwese.

Pakati pezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, chiridzwa chacho chakadzokera nekukunda kunyika yaro, chichiwanazve nzvimbo dzayo dzekare. Vanyori veSoviet (S. Rachmaninov, D. Shostakovich, A. Khachaturian), vachitevera nyika yose, vakatanga kushingaira kugovera zvikamu zvesaxophone mumabasa avo akanyorwa.

Nhasi, saxophone ndeimwe yezviridzwa gumi zvakakurumbira, ine mafeni pasi rose, uye inoshandiswa nevatambi vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kubva ku classical kusvika ku rock music.

Mhando dze saxophones

Mhando dzakasiyana dze saxophones dzakasiyana:

• saizi;
• timbre;
• formation;
• kukwirira kwenzwi.

A. Sachs vakakwanisa kugadzira 14 mhando dzematurusi, nhasi 8 dzichiri kudiwa:

1. Sopranino, sopranissimo. Madiki saxophone anokwanisa kuita ruzha rwepamusoro. Timbre inopenya, ine ruzha, yakapfava. Yakanakisa kudhirowa kwenziyo dzenziyo. Vane chimiro chemuviri chakananga, pasina mabhendi pasi, kumusoro.
2. Soprano. Maumbirwo emuviri akatwasuka, akakombama anogoneka. Huremu, saizi - diki, inonzwika inobaya, yakakwirira. Chiyero chekushandisa kuita kwechinyakare, pop mimhanzi mabasa.
3. Alto. Compact, saizi yepakati, ine yakanakira keyboard michina. Iyo yakapfuma timbre inoita kuti zvikwanise kuita wega. Yakakurudzirwa kune vanotanga vanoda kudzidza Play. Yakakurumbira nenyanzvi.
4. Tenor. Inonzwika yakaderera kupfuura viola, zvakanyanya kuoma "kuridza". Zviyero zvinokatyamadza, uremu hwacho hwakanaka. Inobatanidzwa nenyanzvi: zvinogoneka solo kuita, kuperekedza. Application: zvedzidzo, pop mimhanzi, mauto mabhendi.
5. Baritone. Inotaridzika inoshamisa: muviri wakakombama zvakasimba, kanenge kaviri mukuoma. Inzwi rakaderera, rine simba, rakadzika. Manzwi akachena anocherechedzwa kana uchishandisa rejisita repasi, repakati. Rejisita repamusoro rinotamba manotsi nekushomeka. Ndeyechikamu chezviridzwa zviri kudiwa mumabhendi emauto.
6. Bass, contrabass. Mienzaniso ine simba, inorema. Izvo hazviwanzo shandiswa, zvinoda dhigirii yepamusoro yekugadzirira, kufema kwakanyatsogadzirwa. Chishandiso chacho chakafanana nebaritone - muviri wakakombama zvakanyanya, yakaoma keyboard michina. Inzwi ndiro rakaderera.

Mukuwedzera kune aya mapoka, saxophones ndeaya:

• mudzidzi;
• unyanzvi.

Saxophone nzira

Hazvisi nyore kugona chiridzwa: iwe unozoda filigree basa rerurimi, kufema kwakadzidziswa, zvigunwe zvinokurumidza, uye inochinjika yemiromo.

Maitiro anoshandiswa nevaimbi vemazuva ano panguva yeKutamba akasiyana. Anonyanya kufarirwa ndeaya:

• glissando - kutsvedza shanduko kubva kune ruzha kuenda kune ruzha;
• vibrato - inoita kuti inzwi "rirarame", manzwiro;
• staccato - kuita kwemanzwi kamwe kamwe, kusimuka kubva kune mumwe;
• legato - kusimbiswa kwezwi rekutanga, kushanduka kwakatsetseka kune vamwe vose, kunoitwa mumhepo imwe chete;
• trills, tremolo - kukurumidza kudzokororwa kuchinjanisa kwemanzwi maviri.

Saxophone Saxophone

Chishandiso chacho chinodhura zvakanyanya, kusarudza modhi, unofanirwa kutarisisa kune zvinotevera pfungwa:

• Equipment. Mukuwedzera kune chiridzwa, seti inosanganisira kesi, muromo, ligature, tsanga, lubricant, gaitan, uye jira rinokosha rekupukuta.
• inzwi. Kurira kwechiridzwa kuchaita kuti zvive pachena kuti tekinoroji iyi modhi ndeyemhando yepamusoro. Inokurudzirwa kutarisa ruzha rwerejista yega yega, kufamba kwevhavha, kuenzana kwetimbre.
• Chinangwa chekutenga. Hazvina musoro kuti vaimbi vekutanga vatenge chiridzwa chehunyanzvi, chinodhura. Mhando dzevadzidzi dziri nyore kushandisa, dzakachipa.

Tool Care

Chishandiso chichagara kwenguva yakareba nekutarisirwa kwakakodzera. Mamwe maitiro anofanirwa kuitwa asati atanga makirasi, mamwe mushure mekupera kwePlay.

Iyo cork pa "esque" inobatwa nemafuta isati yatanga Mutambo.

Mushure memakirasi, iva nechokwadi chekubvisa condensate nekupukuta chiridzwa nemachira anopinza (mukati, kunze). Vanogezawo, vopukuta muromo, tsanga. Kubva mukati, nyaya yacho inopukutwa uchishandisa maturusi akakosha, nzira dzakagadziriswa (brashi, tambo ine mutoro).

Izvo zvinodiwa kurapa zvigadziriso zvechishandiso nemafuta akakosha ekugadzira. Zvakakwana kuita maitiro kamwe chete pamwedzi mitanhatu.

Akanakisa saxophonists

Vane tarenda saxophonists vakanyora mazita avo munhoroondo yemimhanzi. Muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, nguva yekuonekwa kwechiridzwa, yakapa nyika vatambi vanotevera:

• And Murmana;
• Edouard Lefebvre;
• Louis Maier.

Zana ramakore rechiXNUMX raive repamusoro pevaviri vevanonyanya kufarirwa virtuoso vatambi - Sigurd Rascher naMarcel Muhl.

Yakanakisa jazzmen yezana ramakore rapfuura inoonekwa:

• To Lester Young;
• Charlie Parker;
• Colemana Hawkins;
• John Coltrane.