Pavel Gerasimovich Lisitsian (Pavel Lisitsian) |

Pavel Lisitsian

Akazvarwa munaNovember 6, 1911 muVladikavkaz. Baba - Lisitsian Gerasim Pavlovich. Amai – Lisitsian Srbui Manukovna. Mudzimai – Dagmar Alexandrovna Lisitsian. Vana: Ruzanna Pavlovna, Ruben Pavlovich, Karina Pavlovna, Gerasim Pavlovich. Vese vakagamuchira dzidzo yepamusoro yemimhanzi, vakava vatambi vakakurumbira, vahwina vemakwikwi epasi rose, vane mazita ePeople's Artists of Armenia, Vanokudzwa Artists veRussia.

Sekuru PG Lisitsian, uyewo Pavel Gerasimovich, aiva mutyairi. Baba vangu vaishanda saforomani wezvibhorani. Ipapo akaronga fekitari yekugadzirwa kwefodya yefodya (baba vemukuru wemitambo yemitambo Yevgeny Vakhtangov, Bagrationi Vakhtangov, vakamupa mari yebhizimisi iri). Gerasim Pavlovich akatenga midziyo muFinland, akatanga kugadzira, uye makore maviri gare gare akabhadhara zvikwereti zvake zvizere. Zvisinei, pashure pechimurenga, fekitari yakaitwa yenyika uye baba vacho vakamanikidzwa kudzokera kubasa rokuchera.

Mhuri yeLisitsian yaifarira kuremekedzwa kwakakosha munharaunda yeArmenia zvakare nekuda kwemimhanzi isingawanzo yenhengo dzese dzemhuri - vese amai nababa, uye hanzvadzi yechikuru Ruzanna, uye kubva paudiki Pavel pachake - munhu wese akaimba mukwaya yechechi yeArmenian, the maawa ekuzorora pamba akazara nemimhanzi . Atova nemakore mana, muimbi wenguva yemberi, akagara pamakumbo evakuru vake, akapa makonti ake ekutanga - akaita solo uye duet nababa vake kwete chete Armenian, asiwo nziyo dzechiRussia, Ukrainian uye Neapolitan. Gare gare, makore akati wandei ekufunda mukwaya achitungamirwa neanonzwisisa, akadzidza chipangamazano - vanyori Sardaryan naManukyan - vakaita basa rakakosha mukuvandudza kwehunyanzvi hwaPavel Lisitsian. Kukura kwemumhanzi kwemukomana uyu kwaiitwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye kwakasimba - akadzidza sero, akaita zvidzidzo zvepiyano, akaridzwa muokhestra yevasingadzidzi ... Kugadzira mimhanzi yepamusha kwakamuunzirawo zvikomborero zvakakosha: vaimbi vaishanya vaifarira kushanyira mhuri ine mutsa, uye manheru aipera pasina nguva. Concerts. Kuna Pauro, kwenguva yakareba sezvaanogona kuyeuka, kuimba kwakanga kuri kwomuzvarirwo sokutaura kana kuti kufema. Asi vabereki vemwana havana kugadzirira basa remimhanzi. Mupfuri wekiyi uye maturusi ekuveza kubva achiri mudiki aingozivikanwa nemukomana uye achizviisa pasi pake sezviridzwa.

Pazera remakore gumi nemashanu, apedza chikoro chemakore mapfumbamwe, Pavel akasiya imba yevabereki vake kuti ashande akazvimirira. Hupenyu hwemanomadic hwakatanga mukutsvagisa geological, mapati ekuchera madhaimani. 1927 - migodhi yeSadon padyo neVladikavkaz, Pavel - mudzidzi wekudhiraivha, mubatsiri, mubatsiri. 1928 - Makhuntets pedyo neBatumi, anoshanda semubatsiri kuna tenzi. 1929 - Akhalkalaki, kuvakwa kweTaparavan hydroelectric power station, Pavel - tenzi wekuchera uye anogara achitora chikamu muzviitiko zveamateur art, soloist mukwaya yevanhu. Mushure meimwe yehurukuro, mukuru wepati akapa tenzi ane makore gumi nemasere tikiti kubva kuTiflis Geological Administration kune faculty yevashandi yeLeningrad Conservatory. Pavel akasvika muLeningrad muzhizha ra1930. Zvakazoitika kuti pakanga pasara mwedzi mishomanana kuti bvunzo dzokupinda dziitwe, uye akabva atanga kushanda paBaltic Shipyard. Jaya iri raiziva hunyanzvi hweriveter uye welder wemagetsi, sando. Asi ndaifanira kusiyana neLeningrad Conservatory ndichangotanga kudzidza.

Pavel akapinda muBolshoi Drama Theatre sekuwedzera. Mayunivhesiti eTheatre akatanga, kumwe kukwira kwematanho ehunyanzvi kwaive - kubva pakuwedzera kune mutungamiriri wehurumende. Basa racho rakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuona vatenzi zuva rega rega, kufema mhepo yezviitiko, kujoina tsika dzechikoro cheRussia chekuita. Sezvineiwo, muimbi akagamuchira dhipuroma redzidzo yepamusoro atova munhu mukuru, ari munhu akadzidza zvikuru uye People's Artist of USSR - akapedza kudzidza kubva Yerevan Conservatory somudzidzi wokunze muna 1960.

Munhandare yemitambo, wechidiki wekuwedzera akapihwa kuita kwenhamba yega - rudo rwaShaporin "Night Zephyr". Izvi zviitwa paBolshoi Drama Theatre zvinogona kutorwa semutambi wenyanzvi yemazwi ekutanga. Muna 1932, Pavel anotangazve zvidzidzo zvekuimba nguva dzose nemudzidzisi MM Levitskaya. Pakupedzisira, chimiro chezwi rake chakatemwa - baritone. Levitskaya akagadzirira Pavel kuti apinde mukoreji yemimhanzi, kwaakatanga kudzidza neZS Dolskaya. Lisitsian akapedza makore matatu chete pakuziva huchenjeri hwekuimba nekugadzirisa inzwi rake - kubva muna 1932 kusvika muna 1935. Panguva iyoyo AI Orfenov akaonga unyanzvi hwake hwekutaura. Lisitsian aiva nevadzidzisi vaviri vezwi, vasingaverengi Battistini, asi pakati pevadzidzisi vakamubatsira kuti agone nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuita, anotumidza mazita akawanda kwazvo, uye, kutanga kune vose, pianists-concertmasters A. Meerovich, M. Sakharov, munyori A. Dolukhanyan, conductors S. Samosud, A. Ter-Hovhannisyan, V. Nebolsin, A. Pazovsky, A. Melik-Pashaev, director B. Pokrovsky…

Paakangotanga kudzidza pachikoro chehunyanzvi, Pavel akava soloist neFirst Youth Opera House. Kudhinha muRossini's Barber yeSeville muchikamu chidiki, haana kuenda asina kucherechedzwa. Ongororo yakadhindwa mupepanhau reLeningrad Smena yaive nechido. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa, munguva pfupi, nekuda kwekushayikwa kwezvinhu, iyo yemitambo yevechidiki yakabviswa. Rimwe gore rekudzidza pakoreji yemimhanzi, yakasanganiswa nekushanda nesimba - kutsvaira matangi makuru egasi pafekitori - uye zvakare theatre, ikozvino boka revechidiki reLeningrad Maly Opera Theatre.

Makore 1935-1937 angangodaro akanyanya kukosha uye ane hunyanzvi muhunyanzvi hwekugadzira biography. Akaita chikamu chechipiri uye kunyange chechitatu, asi chaive chikoro chikuru! Samuil Abramovich Samosud, mutungamiriri mukuru wemitambo yemitambo, nyanzvi yepamusoro ye opera, akanyatsotarisira muiti wechidiki, achitamba kunyange zvikamu zvishomanana naye. Basa riri pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemutungamiriri weAustria, mumakore iwayo mukuru we symphony orchestra yeLeningrad Philharmonic, Fritz Stiedry, akapawo zvakawanda. Musangano nemuimbi wekwaya Aram Ter-Hovhannisyan wakave wakanyanya kufadza Lisitsian.

Muna 1933, mitambo yakatanga mumakirabhu evashandi, dzimba dzetsika, zvikoro ... Lisitsian's konsati chiitiko chakatora makore makumi mana nemashanu. Iye ari ega wekonsati uye theatre bureau Lengosakteatrov. Muna 45, Lisitsian akagadzirira uye akaimba muCapella Concert hall mumusangano naAB Meerovich chikamu chekutanga chehupenyu hwake - rudo naBorodin, Balakirev, Rimsky-Korsakov, Glazunov. Pasinei nebasa rakakura, muimbi anowana nguva nemikana yekukura kwepfungwa. Anodzidza mamiziyamu uye zvivakwa zveguta, anoverenga zvakawanda. "Chikoro" cheLeningrad Philharmonic chakaunza Lisitsian zvikomborero zvakakosha.

1937 yakaunza shanduko itsva mune yake artic destiny. Muimbi anogamuchira kukokwa kuYerevan Opera uye Ballet Theatre inonzi Spendiarov yezvikamu zvekutanga. Makore matatu nehafu ekushanda muArmenia aive nezvibereko zvikuru - akaita mabasa gumi nemashanu mumitambo yekare uye yemazuva ano: Eugene Onegin, Valentin, Tomsky naYelets, Robert, Tonio naSilvio, Maroles naEscamillo, pamwe naMitka naListnitsky muThe. Quiet Don , Tatula mune opera "Almast", Mine mu "Anush", Tovmas mu "Oriental Dentist", Grikora mune opera "Lusabatzin". Asi muimbi wacho aiva nekubudirira kwakakosha mukati meMakumi gumi eArmenian Art muMoscow munaOctober 1939. Akaita zvikamu zviviri zvegamba - Tatul naGrikor, uyewo akabatanidzwa mumakonti ose anokosha zvikuru. Vateereri veguta guru vakagamuchira noushamwari munyori wechidiki, vatungamiri veBolshoi Theatre vakamucherechedza uye havana kumurega kubva pameso avo. Lisitsian anopiwa zita reHonored Artist of the Armenian SSR, anopihwa Order yeRed Banner of Labor, anosarudzwa semutevedzeri weYerevan City Council, uye anova nhengo yeCommunist Party.

Nenguva isipi danho idzva rinokosha rebasa rakatanga - muimbi akakokwa kuBolshoi Theatre, uko kwemakore makumi maviri nematanhatu aive akafanirwa kuve anotungamira soloist. Kutanga kwaPavel Lisitsian pachikuva chebazi reBolshoi Theatre kwakaitika musi waApril 26, 1941. Ongororo dzaive dzakashata. Hondo Yenyika II isati yatanga, akakwanisa kuimba chikamu cheEugene Onegin uye chikamu cheYeletsky. Kunyatsotaura, muimbi wekutanga waive mutambo we "The Queen of Spades", wakaitika mwedzi wapfuura "Eugene Onegin", asi pepanhau reguta guru rakapotsa kuita uye rakangopindura kuita kwechikamu cheOnegin mwedzi wakatevera, achichipa. sekutanga.

Hondo yakatanga. Kubva munaChikunguru kusvika Gumiguru 1941, Pavel Lisitsian, pamwe chete nebrigade, vakafamba vachirairwa neGlavPURKKA neKomiti yekushandira Western Front, Reserve Front yeArmy General Zhukov, mauto evatasvi vemabhiza eGeneral Dovator uye mamwe mauto munzvimbo iyi. yeVyazma, Gzhatsk, Mozhaisk, Vereya, Borodino, Baturin nevamwe, inoitwa muzvikwata zvendege, zvipatara, nzvimbo dzekubuda pazviteshi zvechitima. Akaimba kumberi kwepamberi pasi pemoto, mukunaya kwemvura 3-4 nguva pazuva. Muna September 1941, pashure peimwe yemakonzati epamberi, apo nyanzvi yaiimba nziyo dzechiArmenian pasina muperekedzi, mumwe musoja akamupa boka remaruva emusango. Kusvikira zvino, Pavel Gerasimovich anoyeuka bouquet iyi sezvo inodhura zvikuru muupenyu hwake.

Nekuda kwebasa rekuzvipira kumberi, PG Lisitsian akapiwa kutenda kwePolitical Directorate yeWestern Front, murairo weuto mumunda, pamwe chete nezvombo zvega kubva kuna General Dovator. Pamberi uye kumashure, akaimba makonzati anopfuura mazana mashanu uye anodada nemibayiro yemauto - menduru "For Courage", "For the Liberation of the Caucasus". Uye pakupera kwa1941, akaendeswa kuchipatara cheYerevan muhutano hwakakomba uye kwenguva refu yakanga iri pakati pehupenyu nerufu.

Apora kubva kurwara kwake, Lisitsian anoimba pachikuva cheYerevan Theatre kwegore nehafu. Munguva iyi, anozadza repertoire yake nemabasa eKiazo muPaliashvili's Daisi uye Count Never muMeyerbeer's Huguenots, uye muna 1943 anodzokera kuMoscow, uko musi waDecember 3, kekutanga mushure mekuzorora kwenguva refu, anotamba pachikuva. ye opera yeguta guru. Zuva Rokukunda harikanganwiki kumhuri yeLisitsian kwete chete nemufaro wenyika yose pakupera kwehondo yeropa, asiwo nechimwe chiitiko chinofadza: musi waMay 9, 1945, mapatya akaberekwa - Ruzanna naRuben.

Muna 1946, P. Lisitsian akaita chikamu cheGermont muVerdi's La Traviata, Kazbich muA. Alexandrov's Bela. Kutevera izvi, anoita chikamu cheAnoshamisa Commissioner muMuradeli's opera The Great Friendship. Kuratidzwa kwokutanga kwakaitika muna November 1947. Vatori venhau vakabvumirana mukuonga kwavo basa raLisitsian. Kuongorora kwakafanana kwakagamuchirwa nerimwe basa rake - mufananidzo waRyleyev muShaporin's opera "The Decembrists" pachikuva cheBolshoi Theatre muna 1953. Mamwe mabasa matatu mumitambo nevanyori veSoviet akaitwa naLisitsian pachinhanho ichi: anti Belgian anti. -fascist patriot Andre muNazib Zhiganov's Jalil, Napoleon muProkofiev's War and Peace. Mune opera yaDzerzhinsky "The Fate of Man" akaimba rwiyo rwekuchema "In Memory of the Fallen".

Muna Chikumi 1959, iyo Bolshoi Theatre yakaronga Bizet's opera Carmen nekutora chikamu kwaMario del Monaco. Chikamu cheCarmen chakaitwa naIK Arkhipov. Akagovana budiriro yake yekukunda nemumwe wake wekuItaly, uye PG Lisitsian, ari muchinzvimbo cheEscamillo, zvakare aigona kuve nechokwadi chekuti rudo neruremekedzo rweruzhinji kwaari hazvina kushanduka zvisinei nekuti ndiani anoimba padivi pake - zvese kubuda kwake nekuenda. kubva pazviono zvakaperekedzwa nekupururudza kwakamira.

Pavel Gerasimovich akakunda kukunda kwakawanda kwekugadzira mukati mehupenyu hwake hurefu uye hune chiitiko hwekushanda, kuombera mukukudzwa kwake kwakanzwika pasi pemakamuri eLa Scala, Metropolitan, Bolshoi Theatre, mamwe makumi matatu nembiri edzimba dzeOpera munyika yedu uye dzakawanda dzekunze. Akafamba munyika dzinopfuura makumi matatu. MuBolshoi Theatre chete, akapedza mwaka 26, 1800 mitambo! Pakati pezvizhinji zvezvikamu zvebaritone zvakaimbwa naLisitsian, zvese zvine nziyo uye zvinoshamisa zvinomiririrwa zvakaenzana. Marekodhi ake anoramba asina kuenzana uye chiyero nanhasi. Unyanzvi hwake, akakunda nzvimbo uye nguva, nhasi ndeyechokwadi yemazuva ano, yakakosha uye inoshanda.

PG Lisitsian, asina udyire murudo neopera, akanyatso kugona basa remukamuri chiitiko, kuita nemakonzati ega.

P. Lisitsian akapawo mutero kukubatanidza kugadzira mimhanzi: akaimbawo mukamuri duets nevamwe vaaishanda navo kubva kuBolshoi Theatre (kunyanya, pakushanya muVienna - inoshanda naVarlamov naGlinka naValeria Vladimirovna Barsova), akaimbawo mumaquartets. Iyo Lisitsian mhuri quartet chinhu chakasarudzika muRussia nyanzvi kuita. Vakaita debut yavo seboka rimwe chete muna 1971, vachiita zvikamu zvese - soprano, alto, tenor uye bass - muMozart's Requiem. Baba - Pavel Gerasimovich, vanasikana vaviri - Karina naRuzanna, uye mwanakomana Ruben vakabatana mumimhanzi nekubatana kwemaitiro eunyanzvi, kuravira kwakanaka, rudo rwechinyakare nhaka huru. Kiyi yekubudirira kukuru kweiyo ensemble iri mune yakajairwa aesthetic chinzvimbo chenhengo dzayo, yakabatana nzira yehunyanzvi uye matambudziko ekurira, uye muhunyanzvi hwakanatswa hwenhengo yega yega yechikwata.

Sezvo akashanda kwemwaka 26 paBolshoi Theater, achirarama hupenyu hwake hwose muMoscow, Lisitsian zvisinei haakanganwi kuti ari muArmenia. Pakanga pasina nguva imwe chete muhupenyu hwake hwose hwekusika apo haana kuimba muArmenia, uye kwete chete muOpera, asiwo pamutambo wekonzati, kwete mumaguta makuru chete, asiwo pamberi pevashandi vemisha iri kure yemakomo.

Kushanyira nyika, Pavel Gerasimovich aifarira kuunza kunyika dzakasiyana uye kupa varidzi vavo nziyo dzevanhu, vachizviita mumutauro wepakutanga. Asi chido chake chikuru - Armenian uye Russian nziyo.

Kubva muna 1967 kusvika muna 1973, Lisitsian akabatanidzwa neYerevan Conservatory: kutanga semudzidzisi, uye sepurofesa uye mukuru wedhipatimendi. Munguva yerwendo rwake muU.SA (1960) neItaly (1965), zvisinei, pamwe chete nedzimwe nzendo dzakawanda kune dzimwe nyika, iye, kunze kwekutora chikamu mumakonzati akarongwa nemitambo, akawana simba uye nguva yekuita munharaunda dzeArmenia. , uye muItaly kunyange ini ndakakwanisa kuteerera vana vakawanda vechiArmenia kuti ndisarudze vanokodzera dzidzo yeunyanzvi yokuimba.

PG Lisitsian akadzokorora kupinda mumakwikwi epasi rose senhengo yedare redzimhosva, kusanganisira makwikwi muRio de Janeiro (Brazil), Schumann neBach makwikwi muEast Germany. Kwemakore makumi maviri akapinda muWeimar Music Semina. Ndiye mubairo weSchumann Prize (guta reZwickau, 20).

Makore mashoma apfuura, Pavel Lisitsian akazoonekana kune nhandare yeopera uye konzati uye akaimba chete mukirasi yekudzokorora, asi aive achiri anoshamisa, achiratidza vadzidzi vake maitiro ekuita ichi kana icho chirevo, ichi kana icho chiitwa.

Pamwoyo wemabasa ose aPavel Gerasimovich Lisitsian inzvimbo yehupenyu yenheyo yekushanda nesimba ari murudo nebasa raakasarudzwa. Muchitarisiko chake hapana uye hachikwanisi kuva chiratidzo che "mukurumbira", anofunga nezvechinhu chimwe chete - kuva chakakosha uye chinobatsira kuvanhu, kune bhizinesi rake. Inorarama hanya tsvene yemimhanzi, kusika, kunaka, runako.