Medieval frets

A bit of history.

Mimhanzi, seimwe sainzi chero ipi zvayo, haina kumira, inokura. Mimhanzi yenguva yedu yakasiyana chaizvo nemimhanzi yekare, kwete chete "nenzeve", asiwo maererano nemamodhi anoshandiswa. Chii chatinacho iye zvino? Chikero chikuru, chidiki… pane chimwe chinhu chakapararira zvakaenzana? Kwete? Kuwanda kwemimhanzi yekutengeserana, iri nyore kunzwa, inounza chiyero chiduku pamberi. Sei? Iyi modhi inowanikwa kune nzeve yeRussia, uye vanoishandisa. Zvakadini nenziyo dzokuMadokero? Iyo huru modhi inokunda ipapo - iri padyo navo. Zvakanaka, ngazvive zvakadaro. Zvakadini nenziyo dzokumabvazuva? Takatora mudiki, isu "takapa" chikuru kune vanhu vekuMadokero, asi chii chinoshandiswa kumabvazuva? Vane nziyo dzine mavara akasiyana-siyana, dzisingafaniri kuvhiringidzwa nechinhu chipi nechipi. Ngatiedzei nzira inotevera: tora chiyero chikuru uye udzikise danho rechipiri nehafu yenhanho. Avo. pakati peI uye II matanho tinowana hafu yetani, uye pakati peII uye III matanho - imwe nehafu toni. Heino muenzaniso, iva nechokwadi chekumuteerera:

Mufananidzo 1. Yakaderedzwa danho II

Pamusoro pezvinyorwa zveC mumatanho ese ari maviri, mutsara wewavy uri vibrato (kupedzisa mhedzisiro). Wakanzwa nziyo dzekumabvazuva here? Uye danho rechipiri chete ndiro rakadzikiswa .

Medieval frets

iwowo maitiro echechi, iwowo maitiro eGregorian, anomiririra kuchinjika kwematanho eC-hukuru. Chimwe nechimwe chine matanho masere. Nguva pakati penhanho yekutanga neyekupedzisira ndeye octave. Imwe neimwe modhi inongove nematanho makuru, kureva kuti hapana mavanga enjodzi. Iwo mamodhi ane kutevedzana kwakasiyana kwemasekonzi nekuda kwekuti imwe neimwe yemodhi inotanga neakasiyana madhigirii eC makuru. Semuenzaniso: Ionian mode inotanga nenoti "ku" uye inomiririra C huru; iyo Aeolian modhi inotanga nenoti "A" uye iA mudiki.

Pakutanga (IV zana) pakanga paine mafambiro mana: kubva pachinyorwa "re" kuenda "re", kubva "mi" kuenda "mi", kubva "fa" kuenda "fa" uye kubva "sol" kuenda "sol". Mamodhi aya akanzi yekutanga, yechipiri, yechitatu neyechina. Munyori weizvi frets: Ambrose weMilan. Aya maitiro anonzi "echokwadi", ayo anoshandura se "midzi" modes.

Imwe neimwe yaisanganisira tetrachords mbiri. Tetrachord yekutanga yakatanga ne tonic, yechipiri tetrachord yakatanga neinotonga. Imwe neimwe yefrets yaive neyakakosha "yekupedzisira" chinyorwa (iyi "Finalis", pamusoro payo yakaderera zvishoma), iyo yakagumisa chidimbu chemimhanzi.

Muzana ramakore rechitanhatu, Pope Gregory Mukuru akawedzera mamwe 6 frets. Mafiro ake aive pasi peaya echokwadi nechina akakwana uye ainzi "plagal", zvinoreva kuti "derivative" frets. Plagal modes akaumbwa nekufambisa tetrachord yepamusoro pasi octave. Iyo yekupedzisira yeiyo plagal modhi yakaramba iri yekupedzisira yeiyo chaiyo maitiro. Iro zita reiyo plagal modhi inoumbwa kubva pazita reiyo yechokwadi modhi nekuwedzera kwe "Hypo" kusvika pakutanga kweshoko.

Sezvineiwo, aive Pope Gregory Mukuru akasuma tsamba yekududza manotsi.

Ngatirambei tichifunga nezvemazano anotevera anoshandiswa kumakereke maitiro:

• Finalis. Iyo huru toni yemodhi, iyo yekupedzisira toni. Usavhiringidza ne tonic, kunyange zvazvo yakafanana. Iyo yekupedzisira haisi iyo yepakati yegiravhiti yeasara manotsi eiyo modhi, asi kana rwiyo rwapera pairi, rinonzwisiswa nenzira imwechete neiyo tonic. Mhedziso iri nani inonzi "toni yekupedzisira".
• Repercus. Iyi ndiyo yechipiri fret rutsigiro rwerwiyo (mushure meFinalis). Ruzha urwu, hunhu hweiyi modhi, inzwi rekudzokorora. Yakashandurwa kubva muchiLatin se "inzwi rakaratidzira".
• Ambitus. Iyi ndiyo nhanho kubva kune yakaderera ruzha rwemodhi kusvika kune yepamusoro ruzha rweiyo modhi. Inoratidza "volume" yekushungurudzika.

Tafura yechechi frets

It with

Imwe neimwe nzira yekereke yaive nehunhu hwayo. Yakanzi "ethos". Semuenzaniso, iyo Dorian modhi yairatidzwa seyakaomesesa, hukuru, yakakomba. Chinhu chakajairika chemaitiro echechi: kukakavara, simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi zvinodziviswa; ukuru, kudzikama ndekwekuzvarwa. Mimhanzi yechechi inofanira kubviswa pazvinhu zvose zvenyika, inofanira kudzikamisa uye kusimudzira mweya. Paiva nevashori veDorian, Phrygian uye Lydia modes, sevahedheni. Vaipikisa zvimiro zverudo (kuchema) uye “zvokurovera,” izvo zvinotakura unzenza, zvichikonzera kukuvadzwa kusingagadzirisiki kumweya.

The nature of the frets

Chii chinonakidza: pakanga paine tsananguro dzine mavara dzemodhi! Iyi ipfungwa inofadza chaizvo. Ngatitendeukei kune tsananguro kubhuku raLivanova T. "Nhoroondo yeWestern European Music kusvika 1789 (Middle Ages)", chitsauko "Musical Culture of the Early Middle Ages". Makotesheni anopiwa mutafura yemhando dzeMiddle Ages (8 frets):

Frets of the Middle Ages padanda

Isu tinoratidza nzvimbo yezvinyorwa padanda kune imwe neimwe fret. Repercussion notation: , chirevo chekupedzisira: .

Medieval frets padanda remazuva ano

Iyo system ye medieval modes inogona kuratidzwa mune imwe fomu padanda remazuva ano. Zvinotevera zvakataurwa pamusoro apa: Medieval “modes ine nhevedzano yakasiyana yemasekonzi nekuda kwekuti imwe neimwe yemamodhi inotanga nemadhigirii akasiyana eC makuru. Semuenzaniso: Ionian mode inotanga nenoti "ku" uye inomiririra C huru; iyo Aeolian modhi inotanga nenoti "A" uye iri A-mudiki. Izvi ndizvo zvatichashandisa.

Chimbofunga C mukuru. Isu tinotora manotsi masere kubva pachikero ichi mukati meoctave imwe, nguva yega yega tichitanga kubva padanho rinotevera. Kutanga kubva padanho I, ipapo kubva padanho II, zvichingodaro.

Results

Wakapinda munhoroondo yemimhanzi. Inobatsira uye inonakidza! Dzidziso yemimhanzi, sezvawaona, yaimbova yakasiyana neyemazuva ano. Muchinyorwa chino, hongu, hazvisi zvese zvemumhanzi weMedieval zvinotariswa (comma, semuenzaniso), asi mamwe maratidziro aifanira kunge akaumbwa.

Zvichida isu tichadzokera kumusoro weMedieval mimhanzi, asi mukati megadziriro yezvimwe zvinyorwa. Ichi chinyorwa, isu tinotenda, chakazara neruzivo, uye isu tiri kupokana nehofori zvinyorwa.