Jascha Heifetz |

Jascha Heifetz

Kunyora biographical sketch yeHeifetz kwakaoma zvisingaite. Zvinoita sekuti haasati audza chero munhu zvakadzama nezvehupenyu hwake. Anonzi munhu akavanzika zvikuru munyika munyaya yaNicole Hirsch "Jascha Heifetz - Emperor of the Violin", inova imwe yevashoma vane ruzivo runonakidza pamusoro pehupenyu hwake, unhu uye unhu.

Akaratidzika kuva akazvidzivirira amene kubva kunyika yakamupoteredza norusvingo runodada rwokuzviparadzanisa, achibvumira vashomanene bedzi, vakasarudzwa, kuti vatarise mariri. “Anovenga mhomho, ruzha, kudya kwemanheru mushure mekonzati. Akatomboramba kukokwa kwaMambo weDenmark, achizivisa Hukuru hwake neruremekedzo rwose rwakakodzera kuti akanga asiri kuenda kupi nokupi pashure pokunge atamba.

Yasha, kana kuti Iosif Kheyfets (zita rakadzikira Yasha rakadanwa muhuduku, rakazoshanduka rikava rudzi rwehunyanzvi hwekunyepedzera) akaberekerwa muVilna munaFebruary 2, 1901. Vilnius yemazuva ano akanaka, guta guru reSoviet Lithuania. guta riri kure rinogarwa nevarombo vechiJudha, vachiita mabasa ose anofungidzirwa uye asingafungidziriki - varombo, vakatsanangurwa zvine mavara naSholom Aleichem.

Baba vaYasha Reuben Heifetz vaiva klezmer, mutambi weviolin airidza pamichato. Pazvainyanya kuoma, iye, pamwe chete nemukoma wake Nathan, vakafamba-famba nemayadhi, vachisvina dhenari rekudya.

Wese aiziva baba vaHeifetz anoti aive nechipo chemumhanzi kwete zvishoma pane mwanakomana wake, uye urombo husina tariro muhuduku hwake, kusakwanisa zvachose kuwana dzidzo yemimhanzi, kwakatadzisa tarenda rake kukura.

Ndoupi wevaJudha, kunyanya vaimbi, asina kurota kuti achaita mwanakomana wake “muridzi weviolin wenyika yose”? Saka baba Yasha, apo mwana aiva nemakore 3 chete okuberekwa, akatomutenga violin uye akatanga kumudzidzisa chiridzwa ichi pachake. Zvisinei, mukomana wacho akakurumidza kufambira mberi zvokuti baba vake vakakurumidza kumutumira kunodzidza nemudzidzisi ane mukurumbira weVilna violinist Ilya Malkin. Pazera remakore matanhatu, Yasha akapa konzati yake yekutanga muguta rake rekuzvarwa, mushure mezvo zvakasarudzwa kumuendesa kuSt. Petersburg kune yakakurumbira Auer.

Mitemo yeUmambo hweRussia yairambidza vaJudha kugara muSt. Izvi zvaida mvumo chaiyo kubva kumapurisa. Zvisinei, mutungamiriri wenzvimbo yokuchengeta tsika A. Glazunov, nesimba rechiremera chake, kazhinji kazhinji aikumbira mvumo yakadaro kuvadzidzi vake vane zvipo, nokuda kwaikoku aitodanwa kuti “mambo wavaJudha” nenzira yokuseka.

Kuti Yasha agare nevabereki vake, Glazunov akagamuchira baba vaYasha semudzidzi panzvimbo yekuchengetedza. Ndokusaka mazita ekirasi yeAuer kubva 1911 kusvika 1916 anosanganisira maviri Heifetz - Joseph naReuben.

Pakutanga, Yasha akadzidza kwenguva yakati neAuer's adjunct, I. Nalbandyan, uyo, sekutonga, akaita basa rose rekugadzirira nevadzidzi vepurofesa anozivikanwa, achigadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvavo zvekugadzira. Auer akabva atora mukomana pasi pebapiro rake, uye munguva pfupi Heifetz akava nyeredzi yekutanga pakati peboka renyeredzi rakajeka revadzidzi panzvimbo yekuchengetedza.

Heifetz's brilliant debut, izvo zvakabva zvamuunzira mukurumbira wepasirese, yaive mutambo muBerlin manheru eHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Mukomana ane makore 13 okukura akaperekedzwa naArtur Nikish. Kreisler, uyo aivapo pakonzati yacho, akamunzwa achiridza ndokuti: “Nemufaro wakadini ndaizotyora violin yangu zvino!”

Auer aifarira kupedza zhizha nevadzidzi vake mutaundi rinoyevedza reLoschwitz, riri kumahombekombe eElbe, pedyo neDresden. Mubhuku rake Among the Musicians, anotaura nezvekonzati yeLoschwitz umo Heifetz naSeidel vakaita Bach's Concerto yemaviolin maviri muD madiki. Vaimbi vanobva kuDresden neBerlin vakauya kuzoteerera konzati iyi: “Vaenzi vakabayiwa mwoyo zvikuru nokuchena uye kubatana kwechimiro, kutendeseka kwakadzama, tisingatauri nezvokukwana kwounyanzvi uko vakomana vari vaviri vakapfeka mabhurauzi evatyairi, Jascha Heifetz naToscha Seidel, vairidza. iri basa rakanaka.”

Mubhuku rimwe chetero, Auer anotsanangura kuti kubuda kwehondo kwakamuwana sei aine vadzidzi vake muLoschwitz, uye mhuri yekwaHeifets muBerlin. Auer akachengetwa ari pasi poutarisiri hwakanyanyisa hwemapurisa kusvikira muna October, uye Kheyfetsov kusvikira December 1914. Muna December, Yasha Kheyfets nababa vake vakaonekazve muPetrograd uye vakakwanisa kutanga kudzidza.

Auer akapedza mwedzi yezhizha ye1915-1917 muNorway, munharaunda yeChristiania. Muzhizha ra1916 akaperekedzwa nemhuri Heifetz uye Seidel. “Tosha Seidel aidzokera kunyika yaaitozivikanwa. Zita raYasha Heifetz rakanga risingazivikanwi zvachose kuvanhu vose. Zvisinei, impresario yake yakawana muraibhurari yerimwe ramapepanhau makuru eChristiania chinyorwa cheBerlin cha1914, icho chakapa ongororo ine shungu dzekuita kwaHeifetz kunofadza pakonzati yesymphony muBerlin yakaitwa naArthur Nikisch. Nekuda kweizvozvo, matikiti emakonzati eHeifetz akatengeswa. Seidel naHeifetz vakakokwa namambo weNorway uye vakaita mumuzinda wake Bach Concerto, iyo muna 1914 yakayemurwa nevaenzi vaLoschwitz. Aya aive matanho ekutanga eHeifetz mumunda wehunyanzvi.

Muzhizha ra1917, akasaina kondirakiti yorwendo rwokuUnited States uye nomuSiberia kuenda kuJapan, akatamira nemhuri yake kuCalifornia. Hazvigoneki kuti akafungidzira ipapo kuti America yaizova imba yake yechipiri uye aizofanira kuuya kuRussia kamwe chete, atova munhu akura, semuenzi wevaenzi.

Vanoti konzati yekutanga muCarnegie Hall yeNew York yakakwezva boka guru revaimbi - pianist, violinists. Koniti iyi yakabudirira zvikuru uye yakabva yaita kuti zita reHeifetz rive nemukurumbira mumimhanzi yeAmerica. “Akaridza samwari rwiyo rwose rwe<em>virtuoso violin, uye kubata kwaPaganini hakuna kumboratidzika kuva kwoudhiyabhorosi zvakadaro. Misha Elman aive muhoro aine piano Godovsky. Akazendamira kwaari, “Hauoni here kuti muno kupisa zvakanyanya?” Uye mukupindura: "Kwete kumuimbi wepiano."

MuAmerica, uye munyika yose yokuMadokero, Jascha Heifetz akatora nzvimbo yekutanga pakati pevaridzi veviolin. Mukurumbira wake unonakidza, wengano. "Maererano naHeifetz" vanoongorora vamwe vese, kunyange vatambi vakanyanya, vachiregeredza stylistic uye misiyano yemunhu. “Varidzi veviolin vakurusa venyika vanomuziva satenzi wavo, semuenzaniso wavo. Kunyange zvazvo mimhanzi panguva ino isiri murombo neine violinists yakakura kwazvo, asi paunongoona Jascha Heifets achionekwa pachikuva, iwe unobva wanzwisisa kuti anonyatso kukwira pamusoro pevamwe vose. Mukuwedzera, iwe unogara uchizvinzwa kure kure; haanyemwerere muhoro; haana kumbotarisa ipapo. Anobata violin yake - 1742 Guarneri yakambove yaSarasata - nehunyoro. Iye anozivikanwa kuisiya muchiitiko kusvika nguva yekupedzisira uye haamboite asati aenda pachikuva. Anozvibata semuchinda uye anotonga pachikuva. Imba inotonhora, inobata mweya wayo, ichiyemura murume uyu.

Chokwadi, avo vakaenda kumakonzati eHeifetz havazombofa vakakanganwa kutaridzika kwake kwehumambo, chimiro chakashata, rusununguko rusingadzoreki achitamba nekufamba zvishoma, uye zvakatonyanya zvakadaro acharangarira simba rinokwezva rekuita kwehunyanzvi hwake hunoshamisa.

Muna 1925, Heifetz akagamuchira chizvarwa cheAmerica. Mumakore makumi matatu aive chidhori chenharaunda yemimhanzi yeAmerica. Mutambo wake wakanyorwa nemakambani makuru egiramufoni; anoita mumafirimu semuimbi, firimu rinoitwa pamusoro pake.

Muna 1934, akashanyira Soviet Union kwenguva chete. Akakokwa kushanya kwedu nePeople's Commissar for Foreign Affairs MM Litvinov. Vari munzira kuenda kuUSSR, Kheifets akapfuura nemuBerlin. Germany yakakurumidza kutsvedza mufascism, asi guta guru rakanga richiri kuda kuteerera kune yakakurumbira violinist. Heifets akakwaziswa nemaruva, Goebbels akataura chishuwo chekuti muimbi ane mukurumbira akudze Berlin nekuvapo kwake uye ape makonti akati wandei. Zvisinei, mutambi weviolin akaramba zvachose.

Makonzati ake muMoscow neLeningrad anounganidza vateereri vanofarira. Hongu, uye hazvishamisi - hunyanzvi hweHeifetz pakati pe30s hwakanga hwasvika pakukura kwakazara. Achipindura kumakonti ake, I. Yampolsky anonyora nezve "mumhanzi weropa rakazara", "classical precision yekutaura." "Art ine hukuru hukuru uye inogona hukuru. Iyo inosanganisa monumental austerity uye virtuoso brilliance, kutaura kwepurasitiki uye kumhanyisa fomu. Kunyangwe ari kutamba diki trinket kana Brahms Concerto, anozviendesa padhuze. Ari mutorwa zvakaenzana kurudo uye zvidiki, manzwiro uye maitiro. MuAndante yake kubva kuMendelssohn's Concerto hamuna "Mendelssohnism", uye muCanzonetta kubva kuTchaikovsky's Concerto hamuna kushungurudzika kwe "chanson triste", kunowanikwa mukududzirwa kwevanoridza violin ... kuzvidzora uku hakurevi kutonhora .

MuMoscow neLeningrad, Kheifets akasangana neshamwari dzake dzekare mukirasi yeAuer - Miron Polyakin, Lev Tseytlin, nevamwe; akasanganawo naNalbandyan, mudzidzisi wokutanga akanga ambomugadzirira nokuda kwekirasi yeAuer paSt. Petersburg Conservatory. Achirangarira nguva yakapfuura, akafamba nomumikoto yeimba yokuchengetera mhuka yakamusimudza, akamira kwenguva refu mukirasi, umo akambosvika kuseri kwake uye aida purofesa.

Iko hakuna nzira yekutevera hupenyu hweHeifetz mukutevedzana kwenguva, yakanyanya kuvanzwa kubva pameso ekuona. Asi maererano nemakoramu ezvinyorwa zvemapepanhau nemagazini, maererano neuchapupu hwevanhu vakasangana naye pachezvake, munhu anogona kuwana imwe pfungwa yemararamiro euXNUMX buXNUMXbhis, hunhu uye hunhu.

“Pakutarira kwokutanga,” anonyora kudaro K. Flesh, “Kheifetz anopa mufungo womunhu ane phlegmatic. Zvimiro zvechiso chake zvinoita sezvisingafambi, zvakakasharara; asi ichi chinongova chifukidzo shure kwaanovanza manzwiro ake echokwadi .. Ane pfungwa dzisinganzwisisiki dzekuseka, dzausingafungidzire paunotanga kusangana naye. Heifetz anoteedzera zvine mutsindo mutambo wevadzidzi vepakati.

Mamiriro akafanana anoonekwawo naNicole Hirsch. Anonyorawo kuti kutonhora kwaHeifetz uye kuzvikudza kunongova kunze: chaizvoizvo, ane mwero, kunyange anonyara, uye ane mutsa pamwoyo. MuParis, somuenzaniso, akapa nokudisa makonzati nokuda kwokubetserwa kwavaimbi vakura. Hirsch anotaurawo kuti anonyanya kufarira kuseka, majee uye haadi kukanda imwe nhamba inonakidza nevadiwa vake. Pachiitiko ichi, anotaura nyaya inosekesa neye impresario Maurice Danelo. Pane imwe nguva, kusati kwatanga konzati, Kheifets akadana Danelo, uyo aitonga, kukamuri yake yeunyanzvi uye akamukumbira kuti amubhadhare mubhadharo kunyange vasati vamboita.

“Asi muimbi haambobhadharwi pamberi pekonzati.

– ndinoomerera.

— Ah! Ndisiye!

Nemashoko aya Danelo anokanda hamvuropu yaive nemari patafura oenda kunodzora. Mushure menguva yakati, anodzoka kuzoyambira Heifetz nezve kupinda mudariro uye ... anowana mukamuri musina. Hapana munhu anotsika netsoka, hapana nyaya yeviolin, hapana murandakadzi wechiJapan, hapana. Ingori envelope patafura. Danelo anogara patafura overenga kuti: “Maurice, usambofa wakabhadhara muimbi asati aita konzati. Tese takaenda kubhaisikopo. "

Mumwe anogona kufungidzira mamiriro eimpresario. Chokwadi kambani yese yakavanda mumba muya ndokutarisa Danelo nekunakirwa. Havana kuzokwanisa kumirira comedy iyi kwenguva yakareba ndokubva vatanga kuseka. Nekudaro, Hirsch anowedzera, Danelo pamwe haambofa akakanganwa kuyerera kwedikita raitonhora raiyerera mumutsipa make manheru iwayo kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake.

Kazhinji, chinyorwa chake chine zvakawanda zvinonakidza nezve hunhu hweHeifetz, zvaanoda uye nharaunda yemhuri. Hirsch anonyora kuti kana akaramba kukokwa kukudya kwemanheru mushure mekonzati, imhaka yekuti anoda, achikoka shamwari mbiri kana nhatu kuhotera yake, kuti ateme nyama yehuku yaakabika iye. “Anovhura bhodhoro rechampagne, ochinja hembe dzekumba. Iyo nyanzvi inonzwa ipapo munhu anofara.

Ari muParis, anotarisa muzvitoro zvese zvekare, uye anozvirongera mabiko akanaka. "Anoziva kero dzemabistros ese uye mabiko eAmerican-style lobster, ayo anodya zvakanyanya neminwe yake, nejira pamutsipa wake, achikanganwa nezve mukurumbira nemimhanzi ..." Achipinda mune imwe nyika, anoshanyira nyika yayo. zvinokwezva, mamiziyamu; Anonyatsoziva mitauro yakawanda yeEurope - French (kusvika kumitauro yemunharaunda uye jargon), Chirungu, German. Anonyatsoziva zvinyorwa, nhetembo; kupenga murudo, semuenzaniso, naPushkin, ane nhetembo dzaanotora nemoyo. Nekudaro, pane zvisinganzwisisike mukuravira kwake kwekunyora. Maererano nehanzvadzi yake, S. Heifetz, anobata basa raRomain Rolland zvakanyanya, asingamudi "Jean Christophe".

Mumhanzi, Heifetz anofarira zvechinyakare; mabasa evanyori vemazuva ano, kunyanya avo ve“kuruboshwe,” haawanzomugutsa. Panguva imwecheteyo, anofarira jazz, kunyange mamwe marudzi ayo, sezvo mhando dze rock uye roll dzemimhanzi ye jazz dzinomutyisa. “Mamwe manheru ndakaenda kukirabhu yomunzvimbomo kuti ndinoteerera mumwe mutambi ane mukurumbira wemakomiki. Pakarepo, ruzha rwedombo nemakungu rwakanzwika. Ndakaita sendave kurasika njere. Asi, akaburitsa hengechepfu, akaitsemura kuita zvidimbu uye akavhara nzeve dzake… “.

Mudzimai wekutanga waHeifetz aive mutambi wemuAmerica ane mukurumbira Florence Vidor. Pamberi pake, akanga akaroorwa nemutungamiriri wefirimu akangwara. Kubva kuFlorence, Heifetz akasiya vana vaviri - mwanakomana nemwanasikana. Akavadzidzisa vose vari vaviri kuridza violin. Mwanasikana akagona chiridzwa ichi zvakanyanya kupfuura mwanakomana. Anowanzo perekedza baba vake parwendo rwavo. Kana ari mwanakomana, violin inomufarira kusvika pamwero muduku zvikuru, uye anosarudza kuita kwete mumimhanzi, asi mukuunganidza zvitambi zvekutumira, kukwikwidzana mune izvi nababa vake. Parizvino, Jascha Heifetz ane imwe yeakapfuma kwazvo kuunganidzwa kwevintage munyika.

Heifetz anogara angangogara muCalifornia, kwaaine imba yake mumusha unoyevedza weLos Angeles weBeverly Hill, padyo neHollywood.

Iyo villa ine zvikonzero zvakanakisa zvemarudzi ese emitambo - dare retennis, ping-pong matafura, ane shasha isingakundike muridzi wemba. Heifetz mumhanyi ane hunyanzvi - anoshambira, anotyaira mota, anotamba tennis zvakanyanya. Nokudaro, zvichida, achiri, kunyange zvazvo atova nemakore anopfuura 60, anoshamisika nehupenyu uye simba remuviri. Makore mashomanana apfuura, chiitiko chisingafadzi chakaitika kwaari - akavhuna chiuno uye akanga asina kurongeka kwemwedzi mitanhatu. Nekudaro, muviri wake wesimbi wakabatsira kubuda zvakachengeteka munyaya iyi.

Heifetz anoshanda nesimba. Achiri kuridza violin zvakanyanya, kunyangwe achishanda nemazvo. Kazhinji, zvose muupenyu uye mubasa, iye akarongeka zvikuru. Kurongeka, kufunga kunoratidzwawo mukuita kwake, iyo inogara ichirova nemifananidzo yekudzingirira fomu.

Anoda mumhanzi wekamuri uye anowanzo kuridza mumhanzi kumba ne cellist Grigory Pyatigorsky kana violist William Primrose, pamwe naArthur Rubinstein. "Dzimwe nguva vanopa 'zvirongwa zvepamusoro' kusarudza vateereri ve200-300 vanhu."

Mumakore achangopfuura, Kheifets akapa makonzati kashoma. Saka, muna 1962, akapa 6 chete makonti - 4 muU.SA, 1 muLondon uye 1 muParis. Iye akapfuma zvikuru uye rutivi rwenyama harumufariri. Nickel Hirsch anoshuma kuti chete pamari yakagamuchirwa kubva ku160 discs yezvinyorwa zvakaitwa naye munguva yehupenyu hwake hwekugadzira, achakwanisa kurarama kusvika pakuguma kwemazuva ake. Munyori wehupenyu anowedzera kuti mumakore apfuura, Kheifetz aisawanzoita - kwete kaviri pasvondo.

Zvido zvemumhanzi zveHeifetz zvakakura kwazvo: haasi chete mutambi weviolin, asiwo mutyairi akanakisa, uyezve, ane chipo munyori. Ane zvakawanda zvekutanga-kirasi zvinyorwa zvekonzati uye akati wandei ake ega ekutanga anoitira violin.

Muna 1959, Heifetz akakokwa kuti atore purofesa mune violin paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia. Akagamuchira vadzidzi 5 uye 8 sevateereri. Mumwe wevadzidzi vake, Beverly Somah, anotaura kuti Heifetz anouya mukirasi aine violin uye anoratidza unyanzvi hwokuridza ari munzira: “Kuratidzira uku kunomiririra kuridza violin kunoshamisa kwandati ndambonzwa.”

Chinyorwa chinoshuma kuti Heifetz anosimbirira kuti vadzidzi vanofanira kushanda zuva nezuva pachikero, kuridza Bach's sonatas, Kreutzer's etudes (yaanogara achiridza pachake, achivadaidza kuti "bhaibheri rangu") uye Carl Flesch's Basic Etudes yeViolin Pasina Bow. Kana chimwe chinhu chisina kumira zvakanaka nemudzidzi, Heifetz anokurudzira kushanda zvishoma nezvishoma pachikamu ichi. Mumashoko okuonekana kuvadzidzi vake, anoti: “Ivai vatsoropodzi venyu. Usambozorora pakufarira kwako, usambozvipa zvideredzwa. Kana chimwe chinhu chikasakunakira, usapomera violin, tambo, nezvimwe. Zviudze kuti imhosva yangu, uye edza kutsvaga chikonzero chekukanganisa kwako iwe ... ”

Mashoko anopedzisa kufunga kwake anoita seakajairika. Asi kana iwe uchifunga nezvazvo, saka kubva kwavari unogona kutora mhedziso pamusoro pemamwe maitiro eiyo pedagogical nzira yemuimbi mukuru. Zvikero… kangani vadzidzi veviolin vasinganamate kukosha kwavari, uye mashandisiro angani anogona kuwanikwa nemunhu kubva mazviri mukuziva nzira inodzorwa yeminwe! Heifetz akatendeka sei akarambirawo kuchikoro chechikoro cheAuer, achitsamira kusvika zvino pazvidzidzo zvaKreutzer! Uye, pakupedzisira, kukosha kwakadini kwaanobata kune basa rakazvimirira remudzidzi, kugona kwake kwekuongorora, maitiro ekutsoropodza kwaari, iyo nheyo yakaoma sei iri shure kwezvose izvi!

Sekureva kwaHirsch, Kheifets akagamuchira kwete vashanu, asi vadzidzi vatanhatu mukirasi yake, uye akavagarisa kumba. “Zuva nezuva vanosangana nashe voshandisa zano ravo. Mumwe wevadzidzi vake, Eric Friedman, akaita dhipatimendi rake rakabudirira muLondon. Muna 5 akapa makonzati muParis”; muna 6 akagamuchira zita remubairo weInternational Tchaikovsky Competition muMoscow.

Chekupedzisira, ruzivo rwezvekudzidzisa kwaHeifetz, rwakati siyanei nezviri pamusoro, runowanikwa muchinyorwa chemutori wenhau wekuAmerica kubva “Mugovera Manheru”, chakadhindwazve nemagazini “Musical Life”: “Zvakanaka kugara naHeifetz mustudio yake itsva yakatarisana naBeverly. Hills. Bvudzi remuimbi rave grey, rave rakasimba zvishoma, zviratidzo zvemakore apfuura zvinoonekwa pachiso chake, asi maziso ake akajeka achiri kupenya. Anofarira kutaura, uye anotaura nechido uye nomwoyo wose. Pachikuva, Kheifets anoita seanotonhora uye akachengetwa, asi kumba ari munhu akasiyana. Kuseka kwake kunonzwika kwoushamwari uye kwoushamwari, uye anoratidza masaini paanotaura.”

Nekirasi yake, Kheifetz anoshanda kunze kaviri pavhiki, kwete zuva rega rega. Uye zvakare, uye mune ino chinyorwa, chiri pamusoro pezviyero zvaanoda kuti atambe pamiyedzo yekugamuchirwa. "Heifetz anovaona senheyo yekunaka." “Anoda zvikuru uye, agamuchira vadzidzi vashanu muna 2, akaramba vaviri zororo rechirimo risati rasvika.

“Zvino ndine vadzidzi vaviri bedzi,” akadaro, achiseka. “Ndinotya kuti pakupedzisira ndichauya rimwe zuva kuhoro isina vanhu, ndogara ndoga kwekanguva ndoenda kumba. - Uye akawedzera zvakakomba: Iyi haisi fekitori, kugadzirwa kwakawanda hakugone kumiswa pano. Vazhinji vevadzidzi vangu vakanga vasina kudzidziswa kwaidiwa.”

"Tiri kuda zvikuru vadzidzisi vanoita basa," Kheyfets anoenderera mberi. "Hapana anotamba ari ega, munhu wese anogumira kutsananguro nemuromo ... "Maererano naHeifets, zvinofanirwa kuti mudzidzisi atambe zvakanaka uye aratidze mudzidzi izvi kana basa iro. "Uye hapana huwandu hwekufungidzira hunogona kutsiva izvo." Anopedzisa mharidzo yake yemifungo yake pamusoro pedzidziso yokudzidzisa namashoko anoti: “Hakuna mashoko amashiripiti anogona kuzivisa zvakavanzika zve<em>violin art. Iko hakuna bhatani, izvo zvingave zvakakwana kudzvanya kuti utambe nemazvo. Iwe unofanirwa kushanda nesimba, ipapo violin yako chete icharira.

Zvose izvi zvinopindirana sei nemafungiro eAuer ekudzidzisa!

Tichifunga nezvekuita maitiro eHeifetz, Carl Flesh anoona mamwe matanda akanyanyisa mukutamba kwake. Mune maonero ake, Kheifets dzimwe nguva anotamba "neruoko rumwe", pasina kubatanidzwa kwemanzwiro ekugadzira. "Zvisinei, kana kufemerwa kwauya kwaari, muimbi mukuru-muimbi anomuka. Mienzaniso yakadaro inosanganisira dudziro yake yeSibelius Concerto, isina kujairika mumavara ayo ounyanzvi; Ari patepi. Muzviitiko izvozvo apo Heifetz inotamba pasina chido chemukati, mutambo wake, unotonhora zvisina tsitsi, unogona kufananidzwa nechifananidzo chemarble chakaisvonaka. Semunhu anoridza violinist, anogara akagadzirira chero chinhu, asi, semuimbi, haagari ari mukati .. "

Nyama yakarurama mukunongedza matanda ekuita kwaHeifetz, asi, semaonero edu, haana kururama zvachose pakutsanangura hunhu hwavo. Uye muimbi ane pfuma yakadaro anogona kutamba “noruoko rumwe chete”? Hazvigoneki! Pfungwa yacho, hongu, ndechimwe chinhu - mumunhu oga weHeifets, mukunzwisisa kwake kwezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvemimhanzi, munzira yake kwavari. MuHeifetz, semuimbi, zvinoita sekunge misimboti miviri inopokana, kudyidzana uye kusanganisa kune mumwe nemumwe, asi nenzira yekuti mune dzimwe nguva imwe inotonga, mune imwe imwe. Aya matangiro akanyanya "classic" uye anoratidza uye anoshamisa. Hazvisi zvetsaona kuti Flash inoenzanisa “inotonhora zvisina tsitsi” nharaunda yemutambo waHeifetz nechifananidzo chemarble chinoyevedza. Mukuenzanisa kwakadaro, kune kubvumwa kwepamusoro-soro, uye zvingave zvisingasviki kana Kheifets akatamba "neruoko rumwe" uye, semuongorori, haazove "akagadzirira" kuita.

Mune chimwe chezvinyorwa zvake, munyori webhuku iri akatsanangura maitiro aHeifetz sechimiro chemazuva ano "high classicism". Zvinoratidzika kwatiri kuti izvi zvakanyanya kuenderana nechokwadi. Muchokwadi, iyo classical style inowanzonzwisiswa seyakadzika uye panguva imwechete yakasimba art, inonzwisa tsitsi uye panguva imwechete yakaoma, uye inonyanya kukosha - inodzorwa nehungwaru. Classicism inzira yehungwaru. Asi shure kwezvose, zvose zvakataurwa zvinonyanya kushanda kune Heifets, chero zvakadaro, kune imwe ye "mapango" eunyanzvi hwake hwekuita. Ngatiyeukei zvakare nezvesangano sechinhu chakasiyana chechimiro chaHeifetz, chinozviratidzawo mukuita kwake. Chimiro chakadaro chekufunga kwemimhanzi chimiro chechimiro checlassicist, uye kwete cherudo.

Isu takadaidza imwe "danda" reunyanzvi hwake "inoshamisira-inoshamisira", uye Nyama yakanongedza kune yakanakisa muenzaniso wayo - kurekodha kweSibelius Concerto. Pano zvinhu zvose zvinoputika, zvinoputika mukudururwa kwekuda kwemanzwiro; hapana kana imwe "isina hanya", "isina" chinyorwa. Zvisinei, moto wezvishuvo une chirevo chakakomba - iyi ndiyo moto wePrometheus.

Mumwe muenzaniso wemaitiro anoshamisa aHeifetz kuita kwake Brahms Concerto, ine simba rakanyanya, rakazara nesimba rechokwadi rinoputika. Ihwo hutsika kuti mairi Heifets anosimbisa kwete rudo, asi classical kutanga.

Zvinowanzotaurwa nezvaHeifetz kuti anochengeta misimboti yechikoro cheAuerian. Zvisinei, chii chaizvo uye izvo zvisingawanzo kuratidzwa. Zvimwe zvinhu zve repertoire yake zvinovayeuchidza. Heifetz anoenderera mberi nekuita mabasa akambodzidzwa mukirasi yeAuer uye akapotsa atosiya repertoire yevatambi vakuru vemakonzati enguva yedu - maconcerto eBruch, the Fourth Vietana, Ernst's Hungarian Melodies, nezvimwe.

Asi, hongu, kwete izvi chete zvinobatanidza mudzidzi nemudzidzisi. Chikoro cheAuer chakagadziridzwa pahwaro hwetsika dzepamusoro dzechiridzwa chezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, icho chairatidzirwa neruzha rwe "vocal" chiridzwa. Akazara ropa, akapfuma cantilena, rudzi rwekudada bel canto, anosiyanisa kutamba kwaHeifetz, kunyanya kana achiimba "Ave, Marie" yaSchubert. Nekudaro, "kuridza" kwechiridzwa chekutaura kwaHeifetz hachingori mu "belcanto" yaro chete, asi zvakanyanya mukupisa, chirevo chekuzivisa, chiyeuchidzo chemuimbi anofarira monologues. Uye mune izvi, iye, zvichida, haasisiri mugari wenhaka yeAuer, asi pane Chaliapin. Paunoteerera kuSibelius Concerto yakaitwa naHeifets, kazhinji maitiro ake ekutaura kwemazwi, sekunge ataurwa ne "kudzvanywa" huro kubva pane zvakaitika uye pahunhu "kufema", "misuwo", inofanana nekudzokorora kwaChaliapin.

Kuvimba netsika dzeAuer-Chaliapin, Kheifets, panguva imwe chete, inovashandura zvakanyanya. Hunyanzvi hwezana ramakore re1934 hwaive husina kujairana neiyo dynamism inowanikwa mumutambo weHeifetz. Ngatinongedza zvakare kuBrahms Concerto yakaridzwa naHeifets mu "iron", chaiyo ostinato rhythm. Ngatiyeukeiwo mitsara inozivisa yekuongorora kwaYampolsky (XNUMX), kwaanonyora nezve kusavapo kwe "Mendelssohnism" muMendelssohn's Concerto uye elegiac kushungurudzika muCanzonette kubva kuTchaikovsky's Concerto. Kubva kumutambo weHeifetz, saka, izvo zvaive zvakajairika mukuita kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX zvinonyangarika - manzwiro, kunzwa kubatwa, rudo rwekukwezva. Uye izvi zvisinei nekuti Heifetz anowanzo shandisa glissando, tart portamento. Asi ivo, vakasanganiswa nerunyoro rwakapinza, vanowana ruzha rweushingi, rwakasiyana zvakanyanya nekunyungudika kwevanoridza violin vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX nekutanga rechiXNUMX.

Imwe nyanzvi, zvisinei kuti yakafara sei uye ine mativi mazhinji, haambofi akakwanisa kuratidza ese aesthetic maitiro enguva yaanogara. Uye zvakadaro, kana iwe uchifunga nezveHeifetz, iwe usingadi uine pfungwa yekuti yaive maari, mukuonekwa kwake kwese, muunyanzvi hwake hwose hwakasiyana, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru, zvakakosha uye zvinonyatsobudisa pachena maitiro ehupenyu hwedu hwemazuva ano.

L. Raaben, 1967