Nhoroondo yepombi

Dudkoy Iro tsika kudana boka rose rezviridzwa zvemhepo zvevanhu. Zviridzwa zvinomiririra kirasi iyi zvinotaridzika kunge machubhu asina mhango akagadzirwa nematanda, bast, kana madzinde emiti isina maburi (semuenzaniso, motherwort kana angelica). Zvinotendwa kuti pombi nemhando dzayo dzaishandiswa zvakanyanya munhoroondo yeRussia, zvisinei, kune nhamba huru yezviridzwa zvemhepo zvinozivikanwa mune dzimwe nyika, zvakafanana muchimiro uye ruzha kwavari.

Nyere - chiridzwa chemhepo chePaleolithic nguva

Mapaipi nemhando dzawo ndedzekirasi yehurefu hwenyere, chimiro chekare kwazvo chiri kuridza muridzo. Zvaiita seizvi: chubhu yakagadzirwa netsanga, bamboo kana bhonzo. Pakutanga yaishandiswa kuridza muridzo chete, asi vanhu vakazoziva kuti kana ukacheka kana kuchera maburi mairi, wobva wavhara nekuvhura mamwe acho paunenge uchiridza, unogona kuwana manzwi ehurefu hwakasiyana.

Nguva yenyere yekare yakawanikwa nevanochera matongo ingangoita makore 5000 BC. Nyaya yekugadzirwa kwayo yaiva pfupa rebere duku, umo maburi mana akanyatsogadzirwa padivi nerubatsiro rwemhuka yemhuka. Nokufamba kwenguva, nyere dzechinyakare dzakavandudzwa. Pakutanga, imwe yemipendero yakarodzerwa paari, gare gare mudziyo unokosha wokuridza muridzo nemuromo wakaita semuromo weshiri zvakabuda. Izvi zvakabatsira zvikuru kuburitsa inzwi.

Mapombi akapararira pasi rose, achiwana hunhu hwawo ega munyika imwe neimwe. Hama dzepedyo dzemapombi kubva mukirasi yenyere refu dzinosanganisira: - Syringa, chiridzwa chekare chechiGiriki chemhepo, chinotaurwa muHomer's Iliad. - Qena, 7-hole rutsanga nyere isina muridzo, inowanikwa muLatin America. Muridzo (kubva paizwi reChirungu muridzo - muridzo), rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumimhanzi yeIrish neScottish yechivanhu uye yakagadzirwa nematanda kana tinplate. - Recorder (nyere ine chidimbu chidiki mumusoro wechiridzwa), iyo yakapararira muEurope pakutanga kwemireniyamu yekupedzisira.

Kushandiswa kwepombi pakati pevaSlav

Rudzii rwezviridzwa zvinofuridza zvinowanzonzi mapaipi? Pombi ipombi, kureba kwayo kunogona kusiyana kubva pa10 kusvika 90 cm, ine 3-7 maburi ekutamba. Kazhinji kacho, zvinhu zvekugadzira ndeye huni hwewillow, elderberry, shiri cherry. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvisinganyanyi kusimba (tsanga, tsanga) zvinowanzoshandiswa. Chimiro chakasiyanawo: iyo chubhu inogona kunge yakaita cylindrical, inogona kutetepa kana kuwedzera kusvika kumagumo, zvichienderana nerudzi rwechiridzwa.

Imwe yemhando dzekare dzepombi itsitsi. Yainyanya kushandiswa nevafudzi kudaidza mombe dzavo. Inoratidzika sechubhu yetsanga pfupi (kureba kwayo inenge 10-15 cm) ine bhero pamagumo. Mutambo uyu wakareruka uye haudi hunyanzvi kana kudzidziswa. Munharaunda yeTver, dzakasiyana-siyana dzezhaleika, dzakagadzirwa newillow keychain, dzavewo dzakapararira, dzine ruzha rwakanyanya kutetepa.

Munharaunda dzeKursk neBelgorod, vafudzi vaifarira kutamba pyzhatka - iyo longitudinal yemapuranga nyere. Yakawana zita rayo kubva pamuromo wakaita sehear sleeve yakaiswa kune imwe mugumo wechiridzwa. Ruzha rwe pyzhatka rwakanyanyiswa zvishoma, kuridza muridzo: rinopihwa neshinda yakanyikwa muwakisi uye yakakuvara pachubhu.

Imwe yezviridzwa zvakajairika yaive kalyuk, inozivikanwawo se "herbal pombi" kana "kumanikidza". Nyaya yekugadzirwa kwayo yaiwanzova zvirimwa zveminzwa (saka zita rekuti "kalyuka"), asi nguva pfupi-pfupi nyere dzemvura dzaiwanzogadzirwa kubva kune hogweed kana zvirimwa zvine hunde dzisina chinhu. Kusiyana nemhando dzepombi dziri pamusoro apa, kumanikidza kwaingova nemakomba maviri ekutamba - kupinda nekubuda, uye kukwirira kwenzwi kwakasiyana zvichienderana nekona uye simba remhepo yakapihwa, pamwe nekuvhurika kana kuvhara kwegomba. kuguma kwepasi kwechiridzwa. Kalyuka yaionekwa sechiridzwa chechirume chete.

Kushandiswa kwepombi panguva ino

Ehe, iko zvino kufarirwa kwezviridzwa zvechiRussian zvechinyakare hazvina kufanana, semuenzaniso, mazana emakore apfuura. Ivo vakatsiviwa nezviri nyore uye zvine simba zviridzwa zvemhepo - transverse nyere, oboes nezvimwe. Zvisinei, kunyange iye zvino vanoramba vachishandiswa mukuita kwemimhanzi yevanhu semuperekedzi.