Alexander Vasilyevich Mosolov |

Alexander Mosolov

Yakaomeswa uye isina kujairika ndiyo mugumo waA. Mosolov semunyori, akajeka uye wepakutanga muimbi, uyo kufarira kwave kuchikura zvakanyanya munguva pfupi yapfuura. Iyo inoshamisa stylistic modulations yakaitika mubasa rake, iyo yairatidza metamorphoses yakaitika pamatanho akasiyana mukukura kwemimhanzi yeSoviet. Zera rakafanana nezana ramakore, akashinga kuputika muhunyanzvi muma20s. uye organically inokodzera mu "chinyorwa" chenguva, nekukasira kwayo uye simba risinganeti, rinosanganisira mweya wayo wekupandukira, kuvhurika kune maitiro matsva. YeMosolov 20s. yakava rudzi rwenguva ye "dutu uye kushushikana". Panguva ino, nzvimbo yake muupenyu yakanga yatotsanangurwa zvakajeka.

Mamiriro aMosolov, uyo muna 1903 akatamira nevabereki vake kubva kuKyiv kuenda kuMoscow, akanga akabatanidzwa zvisingaenzaniswi nezviitiko zvekuchinja. Achigamuchira noushamwari rukundo rweChimurenga chikuru chaOctober, muna 1918 akazvipira nokuda kwepamberi; muna 1920 - yakabviswa nekuda kwekuvhunduka kwegoko. Uye chete, zvichida, muna 1921, apinda muMoscow Conservatory, Mosolov akatanga kunyora mimhanzi. Akadzidza kuumbwa, kuwirirana uye kupokana naR. Glier, ndokuzochinjirwa kukirasi yaN. Myaskovsky, kwaakapedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory muna 1925. Panguva imwe cheteyo, akadzidza piyano naG. Prokofiev, uye gare gare naK. Igumnov. Iko kusimba kwekusika kweMosolov kunoshamisa: pakati pe20s. anova munyori wenhamba inokosha yemabasa umo manyorerwo ake anogadzirwa. "Iwe uri munhu akasarudzika, inokwira kubva mauri, sekunge kubva kucornucopia," N. Myaskovsky akanyorera Mosolov musi waNyamavhuvhu 10, 1927. "Haisi kuseka kutaura - romance gumi, 10 cadences, symphonic suite, uye unonyora chimwe chinhu zvishoma. Uyu, shamwari yangu, "Universal" "(Universal Edition inotsikisa imba muVienna. - NA)," uye iye achachema kubva muhuwandu hwakadaro "! Kubva 5 kusvika 1924, Mosolov akasika angangoita 1928 opus, kusanganisira piano sonatas, chamber mazwi enziyo uye zviridzwa zvidiki, symphony, chamber opera "Hero", piyano concerto, mimhanzi ye ballet "Steel" (kubva kune yakakurumbira symphonic episode. yakaonekwa "Factory").

Mumakore akatevera, akanyora operetta "Kubhabhatidzwa kweRussia, Anti-Religious Symphony" yevaverengi, kwaya uye orchestra, nezvimwewo.

Mumakore 20-30. kufarira basa raMosolov munyika yedu nekune dzimwe nyika kwainyanya kubatanidzwa ne "Factory" (1926-28), umo chinhu chezwi-inoratidza polyostinato chinopa manzwiro echigadzirwa chikuru chiri kushanda. Basa iri rakanyanya kubatsira pakuti Mosolov aionekwa nevanhu vepanguva yake kunyanya semumiriri wemumhanzi constructivism wakabatana nemafambiro ehunhu mukusimudzirwa kwemutambo weSoviet uye mimhanzi yemitambo (rangarira mabasa ekutungamira eVs. "Metallurgical Plant" kubva kuopera. "Ice uye Steel" naV. Deshevov - 1925). Zvisinei, Mosolov panguva iyi akanga achitsvaka uye kuwana mamwe akaturikidzana zvemazuva ano mimhanzi. Muna 1930, akanyora maviri anoshamisa, akashata ezwi kutenderera aine chinhu chekushatirisa: "Vatatu Vana Zviitiko" uye "Mana Mapepanhau Ads" ("kubva kuIzvestia yeAll-Russian Central Executive Committee"). Manyoro ose ari maviri akakonzera kuita ruzha uye kududzira kwakajeka. Sei Artоyat chete zvinyorwa zvepepanhau pachazvo, somuenzaniso: “Ini pachangu ndinoenda kunouraya makonzo, mbeva. Pane wongororo. 25 makore ekudzidzira". Zviri nyore kufungidzira mamiriro evateereri vakarerwa mumweya wetsika yemimhanzi yekamuri! Kuva mukuwirirana nemutauro wemazuva ano wenziyo nekusimbiswa kwayo dissonance, chromatic wanderings, matenderedzwa zvisinei ane kuenderera kwakajeka nezwi rezwi raM. Mussorgsky, kusvika kune zvakananga analogies pakati pe "Vana Vatatu" uye "Vana"; "Mapepanhau Ads" uye "Seminarian, Rayk". Rimwe basa rinokosha rema20s. - Yekutanga piyano concerto (1926-27), iyo yakaratidza kutanga kwetsva, inopesana nerudo maonero emhando iyi mumimhanzi yeSoviet.

Nekutanga kwema30s. nguva ye "dutu uye kurwisa" mubasa raMosolov inopera: munyori anongoerekana aputsa nemaitiro ekare ekunyora uye anotanga "kutsvanzvadzira" kune imwe itsva, yakatarisana neyokutanga. Kuchinja kwemaitiro emuimbi kwaive kwakakura zvekuti, achienzanisa mabasa ake akanyorwa pamberi uye mushure mekutanga kwe30s, zvakaoma kutenda kuti ese ndeemunyori mumwe chete. Stylistic modulation nekuita; iyo yakatanga mu30s, yakatsunga yese yebasa rakazotevera raMosolov. Chii chakakonzera shanduko iyi yakapinza yekugadzira? Rimwe basa rakaitwa nekutsoropodza kwakasimba kubva kuRAPM, iyo basa rayo rairatidzirwa nemaitiro akashata kune zviitiko zveunyanzvi (muna 1925 Mosolov akava nhengo yakazara yeASM). Paivawo nezvikonzero zvechinangwa chekukurumidza kushanduka kwemutauro wemunyori: waienderana neSoviet art ye30s. kukwevera kune kujeka uye nyore.

Muna 1928-37. Mosolov anoshingaira kuongorora Central Asian folklore, achiidzidza panguva dzenzendo dzake, uyewo achitaura nezvekuunganidza kwakakurumbira kwaV. Uspensky naV. Belyaev "Turkmen Music" (1928). Akanyora zvidimbu zvitatu zvepiyano "Turkmen Nights" (3), Zvimedu Zviviri paUzbek Themes (1928), izvo zvine chimiro zvichiri kureva nguva yakapfuura, yekupandukira, kupfupisa. Uye muConcerto Yechipiri yePiano neOrchestra (1929) uye zvichiri muNziyo nhatu dzeIzwi neOrchestra (1932s), chimiro chitsva chatotsanangurwa zvakajeka. Makore ekuma30 ekupedzisira akaratidzwa nechiitiko chega chebasa raMosolov rekugadzira opera huru pamusoro pemagariro evanhu nemagariro evanhu - "Dam" (20-1929), - iyo yaakatsaurira kumudzidzisi wake N. Myaskovsky. Iyo libretto naY. Zadykhin yakabva pane imwe nzvimbo yekonsonanti nenguva yekutendeuka kwe30-20s: inobata nekuvakwa kwedhamu remagetsi emagetsi emagetsi mune imwe yemisha iri kure yenyika. Dingindira re opera raive padyo nemunyori weThe Factory. Mutauro weorchestra wePlotina unoratidza kuswedera kune chimiro cheMosolov's symphonic works of the 30s. Iyo yaimbova nzira yekutaura inotyisa inosanganiswa pano nekuyedza kugadzira mifananidzo yakanaka mumimhanzi inoenderana nezvinodiwa zvesocial theme. Nekudaro, chimiro chayo chinowanzo kutambura kubva kune imwe schematism yekurovera kwerangano uye magamba, nekuda kweiyo embodiment iyo Mosolov akange asati ave neruzivo rwakakwana, nepo muchimiro cheakaipa mavara enyika yekare aive neruzivo rwakadaro.

Nehurombo, ruzivo rudiki rwakachengetedzwa nezve basa rekugadzira raMosolov mushure mekusikwa kweDamu. Pakupera kwa1937 akadzvinyirirwa: akatongerwa makore masere mumusasa wechibharo, asi August 8, 25 akasunungurwa. Munguva kubva 1938 kusvika pakupera kwema1939s. pane kuumbwa kwekupedzisira kwemaitiro matsva ekugadzira emunyori. MuConcerto yenhetembo inoshamisa yerudimbwa uye orchestra (40), mutauro wengano unotsiviwa nemadingindira emunyori wepakutanga, anosiyaniswa nekupfava kwemutauro weharonic, melodicism. Mukutanga 1939s. Zvido zvekugadzira zveMosolov zvinotungamirirwa nenzira dzakawanda, imwe yacho yaiva opera. Anonyora operas "Signal" (yakasununguka naO. Litovsky) uye "Masquerade" (mushure meM. Lermontov). Nhamba yeChiratidzo yakapedzwa musi waOctober 40, 14. Nokudaro, opera yakava imwe yekutanga mumhando iyi (zvichida yekutanga) mhinduro kune zviitiko zveGreat Patriotic War. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakosha dzebasa rekugadzira raMosolov remakore ano - mumhanzi wekwaya nekamuri - zvakabatanidzwa nedingindira rekuda nyika. Rudzi rukuru rwemumhanzi wekwaya wemakore ehondo - rwiyo - runomiririrwa nenhamba dzinoverengeka, pakati padzo makwaya matatu anoperekedzwa nepianoforte kumavhesi eArgo (A. Goldenberg), akanyorwa mumweya wenziyo dzehugamba dzakawanda. kunyanya kunakidza: "Rwiyo pamusoro peAlexander Nevsky, rwiyo rweKutuzov" uye " Rwiyo pamusoro peSuvorov. Inotungamira basa mukamuri yezwi nziyo dzekutanga 1941s. ridza mhando dzema ballads nenziyo; imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana ndeyerudo rwenziyo uye, kunyanya, romance-elegy ("Three elegies panhetembo naDenis Davydov" - 40, "Nhetembo shanu naA. Blok" - 1944).

Mumakore aya, Mosolov zvakare, mushure mekuzorora kwenguva refu, anotendeukira kune symphony genre. Iyo Symphony muE Major (1944) yakaratidza kutanga kweiyo hombe-epic ye6 symphonies, yakagadzirwa kwenguva inopfuura makore makumi maviri. Mumhando iyi, munyori anoenderera mberi nemutsara we epic symphonism, yaakagadzira muchiRussia, uyezve mumimhanzi yeSoviet ye20s. Rudzi rwemhando iyi, pamwe chete nehukama hwemataurirwo eizwi-thematic pakati pemasymphonies, inopa kodzero yekudaidza 30 symphonies kuti epic kwete nenzira yedimikira.

Muna 1949, Mosolov anotora chikamu munzendo dzetsika kuKrasnodar Territory, iyo yakaratidza kutanga kwetsva, "folklore wave" mubasa rake. Ma suites e orchestra yeRussian folk zviridzwa (Kubanskaya, etc.) anooneka. Muimbi anodzidza ngano yeStavropol. Muma60s. Mosolov akatanga kunyorera folk choir (kusanganisira Northern Russian folk choir, inotungamirirwa nemudzimai wemunyori, People's Artist of the USSR Y. Meshko). Akakurumidza kuziva manyorerwo erwiyo rwokuchamhembe, achiita gadziriro. Basa refu remunyori nekwaya rakabatsira pakunyorwa kwe "Folk Oratorio pamusoro peGI Kotovsky" (Art. E. Bagritsky) yevanoimba solo, kwaya, muverengi uye orchestra (1969-70). Muiri basa rekupedzisira rakapedzwa, Mosolov akatendeukira kune zviitiko zvehondo yevagari vemo muUkraine (yaakatora chikamu), achitsaurira oratorio kundangariro yemukuru wake. Mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, Mosolov akagadzira mifananidzo yezvinyorwa zviviri - Yechitatu Piano Concerto (1971) uye Yechitanhatu (chaiyo yechisere) Symphony. Mukuwedzera, akacheka pfungwa ye opera Chii Chinofanira Kuitwa? (maererano nenhamba yezita rimwechete naN. Chernyshevsky), iyo yakanga isina kurongerwa kuzadzikiswa.

"Ndinofara kuti pari zvino veruzhinji vave kufarira nhaka yekugadzira yeMosolov, kuti memoirs pamusoro pake iri kuburitswa. ... Ndinofunga kuti dai zvose izvi zvakaitika munguva yehupenyu hwaAV Mosolov, saka zvichida kumutsidzirwa kwezvinyorwa zvake kungadai kwakawedzera hupenyu hwake uye angadai akagara pakati pedu kwenguva yakareba," munyori anoshamisa A. Stogorsky akanyora pamusoro munyori , uyo Mosolov akazvitsaurira "Elegiac Poem" ye cello uye orchestra (1960).

N. Aleksenko