Gusli: tsananguro yechiridzwa, nhoroondo, mhando, ruzha, kuumbwa, kushandiswa

Chinhu chekutanga chinouya mupfungwa neshoko rokuti "Russian folk musical instrument" ndiyo gusli. Sezvo vakaonekwa mazana emakore apfuura, ivo havasati varasikirwa nevhu: kufarira kwavari kubva kudivi revatambi kunongowedzera nekufamba kwemakore.

Chii chinonzi gusli

Ghouls inonzi chiridzwa chekare cheRussia chiri chechikamu chetambo, chakadzurwa zviridzwa.

Kare, kwaiva nemhando dzakawanda dzezviridzwa zvakafanana nembira:

• rudimbwa;
• kifara;
• kukura;
• psaltery;
• lyre;
• Iranian santoor;
• Lithuanian kankles;
• Latvian kokle;
• Armenian canon.

Mudimbwa wemazuva ano chimiro chetrapezoidal chine tambo dzakatambanudzwa. Vane ruzha, runyoro, asi rwakapfava. Tambo iri kufashukira, yakapfuma, inoyeuchidza kurira kweshiri, kugunun'una kwerukova.

Chigadzirwa chekare cheRussia chikamu chakakosha chevanhu orchestras, ensembles, uye inoshandiswa nevaimbi vemapoka evanhu.

Tool mudziyo

Kunyangwe nekuwanda kwemhando dzakasiyana, ese mamodheru ane dhizaini yakafanana, iwo makuru makuru ari:

• Frame. Zvinhu zvekugadzira - huni. Iine zvinhu zvitatu: dhizaini yepamusoro, dhizaini yepasi, goko rinobatanidza madhiri pamativi. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yakagadzirwa nespruce, oak, ine gomba resonator pakati, iyo inobatsira kurebesa inzwi, kuita kuti ive yakasimba, yakawanda. Iyo yepasi dhizaini yakagadzirwa nemaple, birch, walnut. Chikamu chepamberi chekesi chine ndiro ine mapini, chikumbaridzo chetuning pegi, uye chigadziko. Kubva mukati, muviri wakashongedzerwa nematanda akaiswa vertically glued anowedzera kuramba uye kugovera zvakaenzana mavibrations.
• Strings. Kuti chiridzwa chine tambo ngani zvinoenderana nerudzi rwacho. Huwandu hunosiyana kubva pazvidimbu zvishoma kusvika gumi nemaviri. Tambo dzakatambanudzwa dzinenge nemuviri wese, dzichigadzikwa pamapini esimbi.
• Mubati wetambo. Chivharo chemapuranga chakaiswa pakati petambo dzakatambanudzwa nepamusoro pedenga. Inobatsira tambo kuti ibvunde zvakasununguka, inosimudzira ruzha.

History

Gusli chimwe chezviridzwa zvekare zvepasi. Nhoroondo yavo yakatanga munguva dzekare, hazvibviri kuziva zuva chairo rekuzvarwa. Zvichida, pfungwa yekugadzira chimbo chakadaro chevanhu vekare yakakurudzirwa netambo yeuta: nechisimba chakasimba, inoita ruzha runofadza nzeve.

Russian gusli, zviri pachena, yakawana zita rayo kubva pashoko rechiSlavic "gusla", iro rinoshandurwa setambo yeuta.

Dzinenge nyika dzose pasi rose dzine zviridzwa zvine tambo zvakafanana. MuRussia yekare, kunyange kusati kwaonekwa uchapupu hwakanyorwa, guslars yakaratidzwa mumifananidzo. Mienzaniso yekare yakawanikwa muhuwandu hukuru panguva yekuchera matongo. Magamba eiyo epic epic (Sadko, Dobrynya Nikitich) vaive varidzi vembira vane ruzivo.

Ichi chiridzwa muRussia chaifarirwa pasi rose. Pasi payo vaitamba, vakaimba, vaipemberera mazororo, vaibata zvibhakera, vaitaura ngano. Hunyanzvi hwacho hwakapfuudzwa kubva kuna baba kuenda kumwanakomana. Huni dzaidiwa sechigadziko chaive chespruce, sycamore maple.

Muzana remakore reXV-XVII, rudimbwa rwakava shamwari dzenguva dzose dzebuffoons. Dzaishandiswa mukuita mitambo yemumugwagwa. Pakarambidzwa buffoon, midziyo yavaishandisa yakanyangarikawo. Unyanzvi hweRussia hwakamutsiridzwa nekuuya kusimba kwaPeter Mukuru.

Kwenguva refu, rudimbwa rwainzi rwainakidza kuvarimi. Vepamusoro vaifarira ruzha rweviolin, harp, harpsichord. Hupenyu hutsva hwakapihwa kune chiridzwa chevanhu muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX nevanofarira V. Andreev, N. Privalov, O. Smolensky. Vakagadzira mhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kukiibhodhi kusvika kune dzakarukwa, izvo zvakava chikamu chemaokestra airidza mimhanzi yeRussia.

Mhando

Kushanduka kwechiridzwa chakaita kuti pave nemhando dzakawanda, dzakasiyana muhuwandu hwetambo, chimiro chemuviri, uye nzira inobudiswa nayo inzwi.

Pterygoid (izwi)

Yakasiyana-siyana yekare yeRussia gusli, iyo iyo sycamore muti wakashandiswa (rimwe zita rekare remhando dzakafanana nemapapiro sycamore).

Inonyanya kufarirwa nhasi, iva nesarudzo huru dzekugadzirisa. Nhamba yetambo inosiyana, kazhinji 5-17. Chikero chinonzi diatonic. Tambo dzacho dzakaita sefan: nhambwe iri pakati padzo inorembera paunenge uchisvika pamuswe. Kushandiswa kwemhando dzakafanana nemapapiro - kushanda kwezvikamu zvega, pamwe chete nekuperekedza.

Lyre-shaped

Vanodanwa kudaro nekuda kwekufanana nembira. Chinhu chinosiyanisa kuvepo kwehwindo rekutamba, uko vatambi vakaisa ruoko rwavo rwechipiri kuti vashandise tambo.

Chimiro chengowani (psalter)

Rudimbwa rwakaita sengowani yaive netambo 10-26 mudura. Achidziridza, muimbi akashandisa maoko maviri: kurudyi airidza mutinhimira mukuru, nekuruboshwe achiperekedza. Mabviro emuenzaniso uyu ane nharo: pane vhezheni yavakakweretwa kubva kuvanhu venharaunda yeVolga (kune yakafanana Chuvash, Mari gusli muchiRussia).

Iyo mbira huru yerudzi urwu yainzi "psalter": yaiwanzoshandiswa nevafundisi mumatemberi.

Yakagadziriswa keyboards

Ivo vakagadzirwa pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechina, hwaro hwaro mbira ine rectangular. Anoita sepiyano: makiyi ari kuruboshwe, tambo dziri kurudyi. Nekudzvanya makiyi, muimbi anovhura tambo dzakanyatsotsanangurwa dzinofanira kurira panguva iyoyo. Rudzi rwechiridzwa 4-6 octaves, nhamba yetambo ndeye 49-66. Inonyanya kushandiswa kune zvinangwa zvinoperekedza, mu orchestra yezviridzwa zvevanhu.

Stationary akadzura

Iwo isimbi furemu yehukuru hwakakura, mukati umo tambo dzakatambanudzwa pamatanho maviri. Iyo furemu inoiswa mune yakakosha kesi yakashongedzerwa makumbo - izvi zvinobvumira kuti zvimire pasi, muiti anomira pedyo.

Hazvisi nyore kushandisa chiridzwa chakadaro, asi chine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekuita zvingangoita, zvichikutendera iwe kuti uite hunyanzvi hwechero kuoma, chero mimhanzi inotungamira.

Play technique

MuRussia yekare, mbira yairidzwa igere, ichiisa chiridzwa pamabvi avo, iyo yepamusoro yakazorora pachipfuva. Rutivi rwakamanikana rwechimiro chinotarisa kurudyi, rutivi rwakafara rworuboshwe. Mimwe mienzaniso yemazuva ano inoratidza kuti muimbi anoridza chidimbu akamira.

Kubudisa inzwi kunoitika nenzira yekubata patambo neminwe kana murevereri. Ruoko rwerudyi runobata tambo dzese panguva imwe chete, uku ruoko rweruboshwe muffles inonzwika inonzwika zvakanyanya panguva ino.

Maitiro ekutamba akajairika ndeye glissando, kurira, harmonic, tremolo, mbeveve.

Kugadzirwa kweGusli kunoitwa nemabhizinesi madiki anoita zvigadzirwa kuodha. Muimbi anogona kuraira chiridzwa chakakodzera muhukuru hwehurefu hwake, kuvaka - izvi zvichabatsira zvikuru kuridza mbira.