Giya Kancheli |

Giya Kancheli

Tarenda guru remumhanzi, iro rinotora nzvimbo yepakutanga pasi rose. L. Nono

An ascetic ane hukasha hwea maximalist, ane kuzvidzora kweVesuvius yakavanzika. R. Shchedrin

Tenzi anoziva kutaura chimwe chinhu chitsva nenzira yakapfava iyo isingagoni kuvhiringidzwa nechinhu chero chipi zvacho, zvichida chakasiyana. W. Wolf

Mabviro emumhanzi waG. Kancheli, uyo mitsara iri pamusoro yakatsaurirwa kwaari, inosanganiswa nekuvhurwa kwakanyanya kwechimiro nekusarudzika kwayo kwakasimba, ivhu renyika rine kukosha kwepasirese kwemazano ehunyanzvi, hupenyu hune mhirizhonga hwemanzwiro ane hunyoro hwe. kutaura kwavo, kupfava nekudzika, uye kusvikika neutsva hunonakidza. Musanganiswa wakadaro unoratidzika kunge unopesana chete mukudzokorora kwemazwi, nepo kuumbwa kwemimhanzi nemunyori wechiGeorgian kunogara kuri organic, kubatanidzwa pamwe neinofadza, rwiyo-senge rwiyo nemasikirwo awo. Ichi chiratidzo chehunyanzvi chakabatana chenyika yanhasi mukusawirirana kwayo kwakaoma.

Nhoroondo yemunyori haina kupfuma zvakanyanya muzviitiko zvekunze. Akakurira muTbilisi, mumhuri yachiremba. Pano akapedza chikoro chemakore manomwe chemimhanzi, ipapo geological faculty yeyunivhesiti, uye muna 1963 chete - iyo yekuchengetedza mukirasi yekunyora I. Tuski. Atova mumakore ake emudzidzi, mimhanzi yaKancheli yaive pakati penhaurirano dzakakosha dzisina kumira kusvika munyori apihwa Mubairo weUSSR muna 1976, ndokuzosimuka nesimba idzva. Ichokwadi, kana pakutanga Kancheli akashorwa nekuda kwe eclecticism, nekuda kwekusanyatsojeka kuratidzwa kwehunhu hwake uye mweya wenyika, zvino gare gare, apo manyorerwo emunyori akaumbwa zvizere, vakatanga kutaura nezve kudzokorora. Zvichakadaro, kunyange mabasa okutanga omunyori akazivisa “nzwisiso yake amene yenguva yenziyo nenzvimbo yenziyo” ( R. Shchedrin ), uye pashure paikoko akatevera nzira yakasarudzwa nokupfuurira kunofadza, asingazvibvumiri amene kumira kana kuti kuzorora pane zvaakanga awana. . Mune rimwe nerimwe remabasa ake anotevera, Kancheli, maererano nekureurura kwake, anotsvaka "kuzviwanira nhanho imwe chete inokwira kumusoro, kwete pasi." Ndokusaka achishanda zvishoma nezvishoma, achipedza makore akati kuti achipedza basa rimwe chete, uye kazhinji anoenderera mberi nekugadzirisa zvinyorwa kunyange mushure mekutanga, kusvika pakudhindwa kana kurekodha.

Asi pakati peashoma mabasa eKancheli, munhu haakwanise kuwana anoedza kana anopfuura, ndoda asina kubudirira. Imwe nyanzvi yemimhanzi yakatanhamara yokuGeorgia G. Ordzhonikidze akafananidza basa rake “nokukwira gomo rimwe chete: kubva pakakwirira kumwe nokumwe jengachenga rinokandwa mberi, richibudisa pachena madaro akanga asingamboonekwi uye zvichiita kuti utarise zvakadzama nezvokuvapo kwevanhu.” Muimbi wenziyo akazvarwa, Kancheli anosimuka nepakati pechinangwa cheiyo epic kuenda kunjodzi, pasina kurasikirwa nekutendeseka uye nekukasira kwerwiyo rwerwiyo. Manzwiro ake manomwe, sekunge, hupenyu hunomwe hwakararamazve, zvitsauko zvinomwe zveepic nezve kurwisana kusingaperi pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa, nezvedambudziko rakaoma rerunako. Imwe neimwe symphony izere nehunyanzvi hwekuita. Mifananidzo yakasiyana, mhinduro dzinoshamisa, uye zvakadaro symphonies yose inoumba rudzi rwemacrocycle ine chirevo chinosuruvarisa (Chekutanga - 1967) uye "Epilogue" (Seventh - 1986), iyo, maererano nemunyori, inopfupisa nhanho huru yekusika. Mune iyi macrocycle, yechina Symphony (1975), iyo yakapihwa Mubairo weNyika, ndiwo ese ekutanga ekupedzisira uye chiratidzo chekuchinja. Vakamutangira vaviri vakafemerwa nenhetembo dzechiGeorgian folklore, kunyanya chechi uye nziyo dzetsika, dzakawanikwazve muma60s. Yechipiri symphony, yakanzi "Chants" (1970), ndiyo inopenya pamabasa aKancheli, achisimbisa kuwirirana kwemunhu nemasikirwo uye nhoroondo, kusaputswa kwemirairo yemweya yevanhu. Yechitatu (1973) yakafanana netemberi yakatetepa kune mbiri yevasingazivikanwe nyanzvi, vagadziri veGeorgian choral polyphony. Yechina symphony, yakatsaurirwa kundangariro yaMichelangelo, ichichengetedza kuzara kweiyo epic maitiro kuburikidza nekutambudzika, inomuratidza nekufungisisa nezve magumo emuimbi. Titan, uyo akatyora zvisungo zvenguva nenzvimbo mubasa rake, asi akazove asina simba remunhu pamberi pehupenyu hunosiririsa. The Fifth Symphony (1978) yakatsaurirwa kundangariro yevabereki vemunyori. Pano, zvichida kekutanga muKancheli, dingindira renguva, risingachinjiki uye rine tsitsi, kuisa miganhu pazvishuvo uye tariro dzevanhu, rinopedzwa nekurwadziwa kwakadzama kwemunhu. Uye kunyange zvazvo mifananidzo yose ye symphony - zvose zvinochema uye zvinopikisa zvakanyanya - zvichanyura kana kuparara pasi pekurwiswa kwesimba risingazivikanwi rinouraya, iyo yose inotakura kunzwa kwe catharsis. Kusuwa kunochema nokukunda. Pashure pokuitwa kwenziyo pamutambo wenziyo dzeSoviet muguta reFrance reTours (Chikunguru 1987), vezvenhau vakaridana kuti “zvichida ibasa remunguva ino rinonakidza zvikuru kusvikira nhasi.” MuSixth Symphony (1979-81), iyo epic mufananidzo wekusingaperi unoonekwa zvakare, kufema kwemimhanzi kunowedzera, misiyano inokura. Nekudaro, izvi hazvigadzirisike, asi zvinorodza uye zvinokonzeresa kupokana kunosuwisa. Kubudirira kwekukunda kwesymphony pamitambo yakawanda ine mukurumbira pasi rose yemimhanzi yakafambiswa ne "super-ushingi yepfungwa chiyero uye inobata manzwiro."

Kusvika kwemuimbi ane mukurumbira paTbilisi Opera House uye kuratidzwa kwe "Music for the Living" pano muna 1984 kwakauya sechishamiso kune vakawanda. Zvisinei, kune muimbi pachake, uku kwaiva kuenderera kwechisikigo kwekubatana kwenguva refu uye kubereka zvibereko nemuitisi J. Kakhidze, mutambi wekutanga wemabasa ake ose, uye nemutungamiriri weGeorgian Academic Drama Theatre yakatumidzwa zita rake. Sh. Rustaveli R. Sturua. Mushure mekunge vabatanidza kuedza kwavo panhandare yeopera, vatenzi ava vakatendeukirawo kune yakakosha, nyaya yekukurumidzira pano - dingindira rekuchengetedza hupenyu pasi pano, hupfumi hwebudiriro yepasirese - uye vakauisa mune itsva, yakakura-chiyero, inonakidza manzwiro. "Mimhanzi Yevapenyu" inonyatso kuzivikanwa sechiitiko muSoviet musical theatre.

Pakarepo mushure me opera, basa rechipiri raKancheli rinopesana nehondo rakaonekwa - "Bright Sorrow" (1985) yevanoimba solo, kwaya yevana uye huru symphony orchestra kune zvinyorwa naG. Tabidze, IV Goethe, V. Shakespeare naA. Pushkin. Kufanana ne "Music for the Living", basa iri rakatsaurirwa kuvana - asi kwete kune avo vachagara shure kwedu, asi kune vasina mhosva vakaurayiwa neHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Nechido yakagamuchirwa kare pamutambo wekutanga muLeipzig (seSixth Symphony, yakanyorwa nekuraira kweGewandhaus orchestra neimba yekutsikisa yePeter), Bright Sorrow yakava imwe yemapeji aipinda uye akanakisa emimhanzi yeSoviet ye80s.

Yekupedzisira yezvibodzwa zvakapedzwa zvemunyori - "Akachema neMhepo" ye solo viola uye huru symphony orchestra (1988) - yakatsaurirwa kundangariro yaGivi Ordzhonikidze. Basa iri rakatanga kuWest Berlin Festival muna 1989.

Pakati pe60s. Kancheli anotanga kushandira pamwe nevatungamiriri vakuru veiyo dhirama yemitambo uye cinema. Kusvika iye zvino, akanyora mimhanzi kune anopfuura 40 mafirimu (akanyanya kutungamirirwa naE. Shengelaya, G. Danelia, L. Gogoberidze, R. Chkheidze) uye anenge 30 maitiro, mazhinji acho akaitwa naR. Sturua. Zvisinei, munyori pachake anoona basa rake muimba yemitambo uye cinema sechikamu chekugadzira pamwe chete, iyo isina kukosha kwakazvimirira. Naizvozvo, hapana kana imwe yenziyo dzake, yemitambo kana yefirimu zvibodzwa, yakatsikiswa kana kurekodhwa pane rekodhi.

N. Zeifas