Felix Weingartner |

Felix Weingartner

Felix Weingartner, mumwe wemakondakita makuru pasi rose, ane nzvimbo yakakosha munhoroondo yehunyanzvi hwekuitisa. Sezvo atanga basa rake reunyanzvi panguva iyo Wagner naBrahms, Liszt naBülow vakanga vachiri kurarama uye vachigadzira, Weingartner akapedza rwendo rwake nechekare pakati pezana remakore redu. Nekudaro, muimbi uyu akave, sekunge, chinongedzo pakati pechikoro chekare chekuitisa chezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nehunyanzvi hwekuitisa zvemazuva ano.

Weingartner anobva kuDalmatia, akaberekerwa mutaundi reZadar, pamhenderekedzo yeAdriatic, mumhuri yemushandi weposvo. Baba vacho vakafa Ferikisi achiri mudiki, uye mhuri yakatamira kuGraz. Pano, muitisi wemangwana akatanga kudzidza mimhanzi achitungamirirwa naamai vake. Muna 1881-1883, Weingartner akanga ari mudzidzi paLeipzig Conservatory mukunyora uye kuitisa makirasi. Pakati pevadzidzisi vake pana K. Reinecke, S. Jadasson, O. Paul. Mumakore ake emudzidzi, tarenda remuimbi wechidiki rakatanga kuzviratidza: mune konzati yevadzidzi, akaridza zvine hungwaru Beethoven's Second Symphony semucherechedzo. Izvi, zvisinei, zvakaunza kwaari kuzvidzwa kwaReinecke, uyo akanga asingadi kuzvivimba kwakadaro kwomudzidzi.

Muna 1883, Weingartner akaita debut yake yakazvimirira muKönigsberg, uye gore rakatevera opera yake Shakuntala yakaitwa muWeimar. Munyori pachake akapedza makore akawanda pano, achiva mudzidzi uye shamwari yeLiszt. Wekupedzisira akamukurudzira semubatsiri kuna Bülow, asi kubatana kwavo hakuna kugara kwenguva refu: Weingartner haana kufarira rusununguko rwakabvumirwa Bülow mukududzira kwake kwekirasi, uye haana kuzeza kumuudza nezvazvo.

Mushure memakore akati wandei ekushanda muDanzig (Gdansk), Hamburg, Mannheim, Weingartner akange atove muna 1891 akagadzwa mutungamiriri wekutanga weRoyal Opera uye Symphony Concerts muBerlin, kwaakagadzira mukurumbira wake semumwe wevatungamiriri veGerman vanotungamira.

Uye kubvira 1908, Vienna yakava nzvimbo yebasa raWeingartner, kwaakatsiva G. Mahler semukuru weopera uye Philharmonic Orchestra. Iyi nguva inoratidzawo kutanga kwemukurumbira wepasi rose wemuimbi. Anotarisa zvakawanda munyika dzose dzeEurope, kunyanya muEngland, muna 1905 akayambuka gungwa kwekutanga, uye gare gare, muna 1927, anoita muU.SR.

Kushanda muHamburg (1911-1914), Darmstadt (1914-1919), muimbi haaparadzi neVienna uye anodzoka pano zvakare semutungamiriri weVolksoper uye conductor weVienna Philharmonic (kusvika 1927). Akabva agara muBasel, kwaakaitisa chikwata chevaimbi, akadzidza nziyo, akatungamirira kirasi inoitisa paimba inochengeterwa mhuka, yakakomberedzwa nerukudzo noruremekedzo.

Zvaiita sekuti mudhara achembera haaizofa akadzokera kumabasa ehunyanzvi. Asi muna 1935, mushure mokunge Clemens Kraus abva kuVienna, muimbi ane makore makumi manomwe nemaviri zvakare akatungamira State Opera uye akaita paSalzburg Festival. Zvisinei, kwete kwenguva refu: kusawirirana nevaimbi nokukurumidza kwakamumanikidza kuti arege pakupedzisira. Ichokwadi, kunyange mushure meizvi, Weingartner achiri kuwana simba rekuita rwendo rukuru rwekonzati kuFar East. Uye chete ipapo akazogara muSwitzerland, kwaakafira.

Mukurumbira waWeingartner wainyanya kutsamira pakududzira kwake symphonies yaBeethoven nevamwe vanyori vekirasi. Kuwanda kwemifungo yake, kutsinhirana kwezvimiro uye simba guru rokududzira kwake kwakaorora zvikuru vateereri. Mumwe wevatsoropodzi akanyora, kuti: “Weingartner inyanzvi yechinyakare neunhu uye nechikoro, uye anonzwa zvakanakisisa mumabhuku echinyakare. Kunzwa, kuzvidzora uye njere dzakakura zvinopa kuita kwake hunhu hunokatyamadza, uye zvinowanzotaurwa kuti hukuru hukuru hweBeethoven wake haugone kuwanikwa nemumwe kondakita wenguva yedu. Weingartner inokwanisa kusimbisa mutsara wekirasi yechidimbu chemimhanzi neruoko runogara ruchichengetedza kusimba uye kuvimba, anokwanisa kuita zvisinganzwisisiki zvisanganiswa zveharmonic uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvisina kusimba zvinonzwika. Asi zvichida unhu hunoshamisa hwaWeingartner chipo chake chinoshamisa chekuona basa rose; ane pfungwa yomuzvarirwo yokuvaka.”

Vadi vemimhanzi vanogona kuva nechokwadi chechokwadi chemashoko aya. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti zuva rekuita kweWeingartner rinowira pamakore apo nzira yekurekodha yakanga ichiri isina kukwana, nhaka yake inosanganisira nhamba yakakosha yezvakarekodhwa. Kuverenga kwakadzama kwezvose Beethoven's symphonies, akawanda e symphonic mabasa eLiszt, Brahms, Haydn, Mendelssohn, pamwe chete nemawaltzes aI. Strauss, akachengeterwa zvizvarwa. Weingartner akasiya mabasa mazhinji ekunyora uye emimhanzi ane pfungwa dzakanyanya kukosha pahunyanzvi hwekuitisa uye dudziro yezvinyorwa zvega.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek