Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy) |

Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy

Uyu ndiMozart wezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, tarenda rakajeka remimhanzi, iro rinonyatsonzwisisa kupesana kwepanguva uye zvakanakisisa zvezvose zvinoyananisa. R. Schumann

F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy muimbi wekuGermany wechizvarwa cheSchumann, kondakita, mudzidzisi, piano, uye mudzidzisi wemimhanzi. Basa rake rakasiyana-siyana rakaiswa pasi pezvinangwa zvakanakisa uye zvakakomba - zvakakonzera kusimuka kwehupenyu hwemimhanzi hweGermany, kusimbiswa kwetsika dzayo dzenyika, dzidzo yeruzhinji rwakajekerwa uye nyanzvi dzakadzidza.

Mendelssohn akaberekerwa mumhuri ine tsika refu yetsika. Sekuru vemunyori weramangwana muzivi ane mukurumbira; baba - mukuru weimba yebhangi, murume akavhenekerwa, nyanzvi yakanaka yehunyanzvi - akapa mwanakomana wavo dzidzo yakanakisa. Muna 1811, mhuri yakatamira kuBerlin, uko Mendelssohn akatora zvidzidzo kubva kuvadzidzisi vanoremekedzwa zvikuru - L. Berger (piano), K. Zelter (kuumbwa). G. Heine, F. Hegel, TA Hoffmann, hama dzaHumboldt, KM Weber vakashanyira imba yeMendelssohn. JW Goethe akateerera mutambo wemupiyano ane makore gumi nemaviri. Misangano nemudetembi mukuru muWeimar yakaramba iri ndangariro dzakanakisa dzehudiki hwangu.

Kukurukurirana nevaimbi vakakomba, mimhanzi yakasiyana-siyana, kupinda zvidzidzo paYunivhesiti yeBerlin, nzvimbo yakajekeswa zvikuru umo Mendelssohn akakurira - zvose zvakabatsira kukurumidza kubudirira kwake kwehunyanzvi uye pamweya. Kubva pazera re9, Mendelssohn anga achitamba padanho rekonzati, mukutanga kwe20s. zvinyorwa zvake zvokutanga zvinooneka. Nechekare muhuduku hwake Mendelssohn akatanga mabasa edzidzo. Kuita kwaJS Bach's Matthew Passion (1829) pasi pekutungamira kwake kwakava chiitiko chenhoroondo muhupenyu hwemimhanzi yeGermany, chakashanda sekusimudzira kumutsidzira basa raBach. Muna 1833-36. Mendelssohn akabata chinzvimbo chemumhanzi director muDüsseldorf. Chido chekusimudza chiyero chekuita, kuzadza repertoire nemabasa echinyakare (oratorios naGF Handel naI. Haydn, operas naWA Mozart, L. Cherubini) akamhanyira mukusava nehanya kwezviremera zveguta, kusaziva kweiyo Vagari veGerman.

Chiitiko chaMendelssohn muLeipzig (kubvira 1836) semutyairi weGewandhaus orchestra zvakabatsira mukukura kutsva kwehupenyu hwemimhanzi hweguta, hwatova muzana remakore rechi100. yakakurumbira nokuda kwetsika dzayo dzetsika. Mendelssohn akatsvaga kukwevera pfungwa dzevateereri kumabasa makuru eunyanzvi ekare (oratorios yaBach, Handel, Haydn, Solemn Mass uye Beethoven's Ninth Symphony). Zvinangwa zvedzidzo zvakatevedzwawo nekutenderera kwemakonzati enhoroondo - rudzi rwepanorama yekuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi kubva kuBach kusvika kune vaimbi vemazuva ano Mendelssohn. MuLeipzig, Mendelssohn anopa makonzati enziyo dzepiyano, anoita basa reogani yaBach muChechi yeSt. Thomas, umo “mufundisi mukuru” akashanda makore 1843 apfuura. Muna 38, padanho reMendelssohn, yekutanga yekuchengetedza muGermany yakavhurwa muLeipzig, pamuenzaniso weiyo nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza dzakagadzirwa mune mamwe maguta eGerman. Mumakore eLeipzig, basa raMendelssohn rakasvika pakutumbuka kukuru, kukura, kugona (Violin Concerto, Scottish Symphony, mimhanzi yaShakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, mabhuku ekupedzisira eNziyo dzisina Mazwi, oratorio Eriya, nezvimwewo). Kusawirirana kunogara kuchiitika, kusimba kwekuita nekudzidzisa mabasa zvishoma nezvishoma kwakaderedza simba remunyori. Kushanda zvakanyanyisa, kurasikirwa nevadiwa (kufa kamwe kamwe kwehanzvadzi yaFanny) kwakaunza rufu pedyo. Mendelssohn akafa aine makore XNUMX.

Mendelssohn akakwezvwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye mafomu, maitiro ekuita. Neunyanzvi hwakaenzana akanyorera symphony orchestra nepiyano, kwaya neogani, chamber ensemble nezwi, zvichiratidza kuchinjika kwechokwadi kwetarenda, hunyanzvi hwepamusoro. Pakutanga chaipo pebasa rake, pazera ramakore gumi nemanomwe, Mendelssohn akagadzira chirevo che “A Midsummer Night's Dream” - basa rakabata vanhu vepanguva yake nechimiro chechimiro uye chimiro, kukura kwehunyanzvi hwemunyori uye kutsva uye kupfuma kwekufungidzira. . "Kukura kwehudiki kunonzwika pano, sezvo, pamwe, pasina rimwe basa remunyori, tenzi akapedza kusimuka kwake kwekutanga munguva inofadza." Muchirongwa chekufamba-famba, chakafemerwa nekomedhi yaShakespeare, miganhu yenyika yemimhanzi neyenhetembo yemunyori yakatsanangurwa. Iyi ifungidziro yakareruka ine kubata kwe scherzo, kubhururuka, kutamba kunoshamisa (madhanzi akanakisa eelves); mifananidzo yemimhanzi inobatanidza kufarira kwerudo, kufara uye kujeka, hukuru hwekutaura; folk-genre uye mifananidzo, epic mifananidzo. Rudzi rwechirongwa chekonzati chakagadzirwa naMendelssohn chakagadziridzwa mumhanzi wesymphonic wezana ramakore re17. (G. Berlioz, F. Liszt, M. Glinka, P. Tchaikovsky). Mukutanga 40s. Mendelssohn akadzokera kuShakespearean comedy uye akanyora mimhanzi yemutambo. Nhamba dzakanakisisa dzakagadzira orchestral suite, yakasimbiswa zvakasimba mumutambo wekonsati (Overture, Scherzo, Intermezzo, Nocturne, Wedding March).

Zviri mukati meakawanda emabasa aMendelssohn zvine chekuita nehupenyu hwakananga hunoonekwa kubva pakufamba kuenda kuItari (zuva, rakazara nechiedza chekumaodzanyemba uye kudziya "Italian Symphony" - 1833), pamwe nekunyika dzekuchamhembe - England neScotland (mifananidzo yegungwa. chikamu, iyo yekuchamhembe epic mukupfuura "Fingal's Cave "("The Hebrides"), "Gungwa Kunyarara uye Kufara Kwekufamba Nechikepe" (zvese 1832), mu "Scottish" Symphony (1830-42).

Hwaro hwebasa repiyano raMendelssohn hwaive “Nziyo dzisina Mazwi” (48 zvidimbu, 1830-45) – mienzaniso inoshamisa yemadikidiki enziyo, rudzi rutsva rwemimhanzi yepiyano yerudo. Mukupesana neanoshamisa bravura pianism yaive yakapararira panguva iyoyo, Mendelssohn akagadzira zvimedu muchimiro chekamuri, zvichiburitsa pamusoro pese cantilena, melodious mukana wechiridzwa. Muimbi wacho akakwezvwawo nezvinhu zvekuridza konzati – virtuoso brilliance, festive, elation inoenderana nehunyanzvi hwake (2 concertos for piyano and orchestra, Brilliant Capriccio, Brilliant Rondo, etc.). Iyo yakakurumbira Violin Concerto muE minor (1844) yakapinda mu classical fund ye genre pamwe chete ne concertos naP. Tchaikovsky, I. Brahms, A. Glazunov, J. Sibelius. The oratorios "Paul", "Eria", iyo cantata "The First Walpurgis Night" (maererano naGoethe) yakaita basa rinokosha munhoroondo ye cantata-oratorio genres. Kuvandudzwa kwetsika dzepakutanga dzemimhanzi yeGermany kwakaenderera mberi nemitambo yaMendelssohn uye fugues yenhengo.

Muimbi akaronga mabasa akawanda ekwaya emasosaiti evasadzidza muBerlin, Düsseldorf neLeipzig; nenziyo dzemukamuri (nziyo, mazwi uye ensembles ezviridzwa) - zveasahwira, kugadzira mimhanzi yepamba, yakakurumbira zvakanyanya muGermany nguva dzese. Kusikwa kwemimhanzi yakadai, yakanangidzirwa kune vakavhenekerwa, uye kwete kune nyanzvi chete, yakabatsira mukuzadzikiswa kwechinangwa chikuru chekugadzira cheMendelssohn - kudzidzisa zvinoravira veruzhinji, nekushingairira kuzvisuma kune yakakomba, ine hunyanzvi nhaka.

I. Okhalova

• Nzira yekugadzira →
• Symphonic kusika →
• Kuwedzera →
• Oratorios →
• Kugadzira piyano →
• «Nziyo dzisina mazwi» →
• Tambo quartets →
• Rondedzero yemabasa →

Nzvimbo uye chinzvimbo cheMendelssohn munhoroondo yemimhanzi yeGerman yakanyatsozivikanwa naPI Tchaikovsky. Mendelssohn, mumashoko ake, "achagara ari muenzaniso wekuchena kwechimiro chechimiro, uye shure kwake kuchazivikanwa mimhanzi yakanyatsotsanangurwa, yakacheneruka pamberi pekupenya kwenjere dzakaita saBeethoven - asi akakwira zvakanyanya kubva mumhomho yevakawanda vaimbi vehunyanzvi. yechikoro cheGermany.”

Mendelssohn ndomumwe wevanyori vane kubata kwavo nekuita kwakasvika padanho rekubatana uye kutendeseka izvo vamwe vepanguva yake yetarenda rakajeka uye rakakura-vakatadza kuita nguva dzose.

Nzira yekugadzira yeMendelssohn haizive kuparara kwakangoerekana kwaitika uye hunyanzvi hutsva, mamiriro edambudziko uye kukwira kwakadzika. Izvi hazvirevi kuti zvakafamba zvisina kufunga uye zvisina makore. "Chikumbiro" chake chekutanga chemusiki uye musiki akazvimiririra - kupeta "A Midsummer Night's Dream" - iparera remimhanzi yesymphonic, muchero webasa guru uye rine chinangwa, rakagadzirirwa nemakore ehunyanzvi hwekudzidziswa.

Kukosha kweruzivo rwakakosha rwakawanikwa kubva paudiki, kukwidziridzwa kwenjere kwakabatsira Mendelssohn mukutanga kwehupenyu hwake hwekusika kuti anyatso kurondedzera denderedzwa remifananidzo yakamufadza, iyo kwenguva yakareba, kana kwete zvachose, yakabata fungidziro yake. Munyika yengano inokwezva, aiita seakazviwana. Achidhirowa mutambo wemashiripiti wemifananidzo yemanyepo, Mendelssohn nedimikira airatidza chiono chake chenhetembo chenyika chaiyo. Chiitiko chehupenyu, ruzivo rwemazana emakore etsika dzakaunganidzwa dzakagutsa huchenjeri, dzakaunza "kururamiswa" mukuita kwekuvandudza kwehunyanzvi, kudzika zvakanyanya zviri mukati memimhanzi, kuchiwedzera nevavariro itsva nemumvuri.

Nekudaro, iyo harmonic kutendeseka kwetarenda remumhanzi raMendelssohn rakasanganiswa nekutetepa kwemhando yake yekugadzira. Mendelssohn ari kure nekukasira kwaSchumann, kukwidziridzwa kweBerlioz, njodzi uye magamba enyika-ekuda nyika yeChopin. Manzwiro akasimba, mweya wekupikisa, kutsvaga kunoramba kuripo kwemafomu matsva, akapikisa kudzikama kwekufunga uye kudziya kwekunzwa kwevanhu, kurongeka kwakasimba kwemafomu.

Panguva imwecheteyo, mafungiro ekufananidzira aMendelssohn, zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi yake, pamwe chete nemhando dzaanogadzira, hazvipfuuri mberi kwehukuru hwehupenzi hwerudo.

Chiroto cheMidsummer Night kana maHebrides haana rudo rwakanyanya kupfuura mabasa aSchumann kana Chopin, Schubert kana Berlioz. Izvi ndizvo zvakajairwa neakawanda-mativi emumhanzi werudo, umo mamhepo akasiyana-siyana aipindirana, pakutanga akatarisa achiita sepolar.

Mendelssohn anobatana nebapiro reGerman romanticism, iro rinobva kuWeber. Hunhu hunoshamisa uye hwekufungidzira hweWeber, nyika ine hupenyu hwechisikigo, nhetembo dzengano dziri kure uye ngano, dzakagadziridzwa uye dzakawedzerwa, dzinopenya mumhanzi waMendelssohn nematoni achangobva kuwanikwa ane mavara.

Pakati pehukuru hwakakura hwemadingindira erudo akabatwa naMendelssohn, madingindira ane chekuita nenzvimbo yekufungidzira akagamuchira embodiment yakapedzeredzwa nehunyanzvi. Hapana chinhu chakasuruvara kana dhimoni mukufungidzira kwaMendelssohn. Iyi mifananidzo yakajeka yechisikigo, yakaberekwa nefungidziro dzevanhu uye yakapararira mune dzakawanda ngano, ngano, kana yakafuridzirwa ne epic uye nhoroondo ngano, uko chokwadi uye fungidziro, chokwadi uye ngano dzenhetembo dzakanyatsopindirana.

Kubva pamabviro evanhu vedimikira - ruvara rusina kuvharwa, uko kureruka nenyasha, mazwi akapfava uye kubhururuka kwemimhanzi yaMendelssohn "inoyevedza" inopindirana.

Iyo yerudo theme yemasikirwo haisi shoma padyo uye yakasikwa kune iyi muimbi. Kashoma kushandisa kutsanangurirwa kwekunze, Mendelssohn anopa imwe "mafungire" enzvimbo nehunyanzvi hwekutaura, achimutsa kunzwa kwayo kwemoyo.

Mendelssohn, shasha yenzvimbo yenziyo, akasiya mapeji anoyevedza emimhanzi yemifananidzo mumabasa akadai saThe Hebrides, A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Scottish Symphony. Asi mifananidzo yemasikirwo, fantasy (kazhinji inenge yakarukwa zvisingaite) yakazadzwa nenziyo dzakapfava. Lyricism - iyo inonyanya kukosha pfuma yetarenda yaMendelssohn - inopenya basa rake rose.

Pasinei nekuzvipira kwake kune unyanzvi hwekare, Mendelssohn ndiye mwanakomana wezera rake. Mamiriro enziyo enyika, chinhu cherwiyo chakafanoronga kwaakananga kutsvaga kwake kwehunyanzvi. Zvichienderana nemaitiro akajairwa mumhanzi yeRomantic kunakidzwa kwaMendelssohn nezviridzwa zvidiki. Mukupesana nehunyanzvi hwechinyakare naBeethoven, akarima mafomu akaomesesa akaomesesa, anoenzana nehuzivi huzhinji hwemaitiro ehupenyu, muhunyanzvi hweRomantics, kumberi kunopiwa rwiyo, diki diki diki. Kuti ubate yakanyanya kujeka uye yenguva pfupi mimvuri yekunzwa, mafomu madiki akave akanyanya organic.

Kubatana kwakasimba nedemocracy yemazuva ese art yakavimbisa "simba" remhando nyowani yekugadzira mimhanzi, yakabatsira kukudziridza imwe tsika kwairi. Kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, lyrical instrumental miniature yatora chinzvimbo cheimwe yemhando dzinotungamira. Yakamiririrwa zvakanyanya mubasa reWeber, Munda, uye kunyanya Schubert, rudzi rwechiridzwa chidiki chakamira muyedzo wenguva, richiramba riripo uye richikura mumamiriro matsva ezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Mendelssohn ndiye mutsivi wakananga waSchubert. Maminiature anoyevedza anobatana neSchubert's impromptu - iyo pianoforte Nziyo Dzisina Mazwi. Izvi zvimedu zvinokwezva nekutendeseka kwavo kwechokwadi, kureruka uye kutendeseka, kukwana kwemafomu, nyasha dzakatanhamara uye hunyanzvi.

Tsanangudzo chaiyo yebasa raMendelssohn inopiwa naAnton Grigorievich Rubinshtein: “… mukuenzanisa nevamwe vanyori vakuru, iye (Mendelssohn. – VG) asina kudzika, kusimba, ukuru…”, asi “…zvose zvaakasika muenzaniso maererano nekukwana kwechimiro, hunyanzvi uye kuwirirana… “Nziyo dzisina Mazwi” Yake pfuma maererano nemazwi nerunako rwepiyano… “Violin yake”. Concerto” yakasarudzika mukutsva, runako uye hunhu hwakanaka ... Aya mabasa (pakati peayo Rubinstein anosanganisira A Midsummer Night's Dream neFingal's Cave. – VG) ... kumuisa padanho nevamiriri vepamusoro vehunyanzvi hwemimhanzi ... "

Mendelssohn akanyora nhamba huru yemabasa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Pakati pavo pane mabasa mazhinji emhando huru: oratorios, symphonies, konzati overtures, sonatas, concertos (piyano uye violin), yakawanda yezviridzwa kamuri-ensemble mimhanzi: trios, quartets, quintets, octets. Kune nziyo dzemweya uye dzenyika uye nziyo dzezviridzwa, pamwe nemimhanzi yemitambo inoshamisa. Mutero unokosha wakabhadharwa naMendelssohn kune yakakurumbira genre yevocal ensemble; akanyora zvakawanda ega zvidimbu zvezviridzwa zvega (kunyanya zvepiyano) uye zvezwi.

Yakakosha uye inonakidza inowanikwa munzvimbo yega yega yebasa raMendelssohn, mune chero yemhando dzakarongwa. Zvakangofanana, izvo zvakajairika, zvine simba zvemunyori zvakazviratidza munzvimbo mbiri dzinoita sedzisina kuwirirana - mumashoko epiyano madiki uye mukufungidzira kwemabasa ake e orchestra.

V. Galatskaya

Basa reMendelssohn ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mutsika yeGerman yezana ramakore rechi 19. Pamwe chete nebasa revanyori vakadai saHeine, Schumann, mudiki Wagner, rairatidza kukwidziridzwa kwehunyanzvi uye shanduko yemagariro yakaitika pakati pekumukira kuviri (1830 na1848).

Upenyu hwemagariro eGermany, iyo mabasa ose eMendelssohn akabatanidzwa zvisingagoneki, mu30s uye 40s yakaratidzwa nekumutsiridza kukuru kwemasimba edemokrasi. Kupikiswa kwevane denderedzwa, vachipesana zvisina tsarukano nehurumende yeabsolutist, yakatora nzira dzakavhurika dzezvematongerwo enyika uye ikapinda munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehupenyu hwemweya hwevanhu. Maitiro ekupomera magariro mumabhuku (Heine, Berne, Lenau, Gutskov, Immermann) akaratidzwa zvakajeka, chikoro che "nhetembo dzezvematongerwo enyika" chakaumbwa (Weert, Herweg, Freiligrat), pfungwa yesainzi yakabudirira, yakanangana nekudzidza tsika yenyika (zvidzidzo pa nhoroondo yemutauro wechiGerman, ngano uye zvinyorwa zveGrimm, Gervinus, Hagen).

Kurongeka kwemitambo yekutanga yemimhanzi yeGermany, kurongwa kwemitambo yenyika naWeber, Spohr, Marschner, mudiki Wagner, kuparadzirwa kwenhau dzemimhanzi dzedzidzo umo kurwa kwehunyanzvi hwekufambira mberi kwakaitwa (bepanhau reSchumann muLeipzig, A. Marx's in Berlin) - zvese izvi, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvakawanda zvakafanana, zvakataura nezvekukura kwekuzviziva kwenyika. Mendelssohn aigara uye akashanda mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuratidzira uye kuviriswa kwehungwaru, izvo zvakasiya chimiro chetsika yeGermany muma30s uye 40s.

Mukurwisa kutetepa kwedenderedzwa rezvido, vachipesana nekudzikira kwechinzvimbo chehunyanzvi, vaifambira mberi venguva iyoyo vakasarudza nzira dzakasiyana. Mendelssohn akaona kugadzwa kwake mukumutsidzirwa kwepamusoro-soro yemimhanzi yekare.

Asine hanya nemhando dzezvematongerwo enyika dzekurwira, nekuregeredza nemaune, kusiyana nevakawanda venguva yake, chombo chenhau dzemimhanzi, Mendelssohn aive akasarudzika-mudzidzisi.

Mabasa ake ese ane mativi mazhinji semunyori, kondakita, mutambi wepiyano, murongi, mudzidzisi akazadzwa nemazano edzidzo. Muunyanzvi hwedemocracy hwaBeethoven, Handel, Bach, Gluck, akaona kuratidzwa kwepamusoro-soro kwetsika yemweya uye akarwa nesimba risingaperi kuti amise misimboti yavo muhupenyu hwemazuva ano hwemimhanzi hweGermany.

Zvishuvo zvekufambira mberi zvaMendelssohn zvakasarudza chimiro chebasa rake. Tichipesana nemashure emumhanzi wakareruka-huremu hwemimhanzi yemabourgeois salons, dariro yakakurumbira uye theatre yemitambo, mabasa aMendelssohn anokwezvwa nekukomba kwavo, kuchena, "kuchena kwemaitiro" (Tchaikovsky).

Chinhu chinoshamisa chemhanzi yaMendelssohn kwaive kuwanikwa kwayo kwakakura. Panyaya iyi, munyori wacho akatora nzvimbo yakasiyana nevamwe vakararama panguva yake. Unyanzvi hwaMendelssohn hunoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekunakidzwa kwenzvimbo yakafara yedemokrasi (kunyanya chiGerman). Madingindira ake, mifananidzo nemhando dzaive dzakabatana netsika dzechiGerman dzemazuva ano. Mabasa aMendelssohn airatidza zvakanyanya mifananidzo yenhetembo yenyika, nhetembo nemabhuku echiRussia ichangoburwa. Akanyatsovimba nemhando dzemimhanzi dzakagara dziripo munharaunda yeGerman democracy.

Iwo makuru ekwaya mabasa eMendelssohn akabatana netsika dzechinyakare dzenyika dzinodzokera kwete chete kunaBeethoven, Mozart, Haydn, asi zvakatopfuura, mukatikati menhoroondo - kuna Bach, Handel (uye kunyangwe Schutz). Bato remazuva ano, rine mukurumbira zvikuru re "leaderthafel" harina kuratidzwa chete mumakwaya akawanda eMendelssohn, asiwo munziyo dzakawanda dzezviridzwa, kunyanya, pane inozivikanwa "Nziyo Dzisina Kubwinya". Aigara achikwezvwa nemhando dzemazuva ese dzemumhanzi wemudhorobha weGerman - romance, chamber ensemble, mhando dzakasiyana dzemumhanzi wepiyano kumba. Hunhu hwemhando yemhando dzemazuva ano dzemazuva ano hwakatopinda mumabasa emunyori, akanyorwa nenzira yemonumental-classicist.

Pakupedzisira, Mendelssohn akaratidza kufarira zvikuru rwiyo rwevanhu. Mumabasa mazhinji, kunyanya murudo, aitsvaga kutaura nematauriro engano dzechiGerman.

Kuomerera kwaMendelssohn kutsika dzechinyakare kwakamuunzira kuzvidzwa kwekuchengetedza kubva kudivi revanyori vechidiki vakanyanya. Zvichakadaro, Mendelssohn aive kure zvakanyanya kubva kune akawanda epigones ayo, pasi pechiratidziro chekuvimbika kune vekare, akazadza mimhanzi nekudzokororwa kudiki kwemabasa enguva yakapfuura.

Mendelssohn haana kutevedzera classics, akaedza kumutsiridza mashandiro avo uye yepamusoro nheyo. Muimbi wenziyo par kugona, Mendelssohn akagadzira kazhinji mifananidzo yerudo mumabasa ake. Heano "nguva dzemimhanzi", inoratidza mamiriro emukati menyika yemuimbi, uye akajeka, emweya mifananidzo yezvisikwa uye hupenyu. Panguva imwecheteyo, mumhanzi waMendelssohn hapana mutsara wekusaziva, nebula, saka hunhu hwemaitiro ekuita kweGerman romanticism. Muhunyanzvi hweMendelssohn zvese zvakajeka, zvine mwero, zvakakosha.

“Kwose kwaunotsika paivhu rakasimba, pavhu rakabudirira reGermany,” Schumann akadaro nezvemimhanzi yaMendelssohn. Kune zvakare chimwe chinhu cheMozartian mukunaka kwake, kujeka.

Nzira yemimhanzi yeMendelssohn ndeyechokwadi. Mutinhimira wakajeka wakabatana nemaitiro enziyo emazuva ese, mhando uye madhanzi zvinhu, katsika kekukurudzira budiriro, uye pakupedzisira, mafomu akakwenenzverwa, akakwenenzverwa anounza mimhanzi yaMendelssohn pedyo nehunyanzvi hweGerman classics. Asi iyo classicist nzira yekufunga inosanganiswa mubasa rake nemhando dzerudo. Mutauro wake weHarmonic uye chiridzwa chinoratidzwa nekuwedzera kufarira kwemavara. Mendelssohn inonyanya kuswedera kumakamuri emhando dzemhando dzeGerman romantics. Anofunga maererano nekurira kwepiyano itsva, orchestra itsva.

Nehukukutu hwese, hukuru, uye hutongi hwejekerere hwemimhanzi yake, Mendelssohn achiri asina kuwana kudzika kwekusika uye simba hunhu hwevakamutangira. Nzvimbo yepetty-bourgeois, iyo yaakarwisana nayo, yakasiya chiratidzo chinooneka pabasa rake. Kazhinji, haina chido, ugamba hwechokwadi, haina udzame hwehuzivi uye hwepfungwa, uye pane kushayikwa kunooneka kwekurwisana kunotyisa. Mufananidzo wegamba remazuva ano, nehupenyu hwake hwakaoma hwepfungwa uye hwepfungwa, hauna kuratidzwa mumabasa emunyori. Mendelssohn kazhinji kazhinji anoratidza mativi akajeka ehupenyu. Mimhanzi yake inonyanya kuve yeelegic, inonzwira tsitsi, ine hudiki hwakawanda husina hanya kutamba.

Asi maererano nemamiriro ekunze enguva yakaoma, inopokana iyo yakapfumisa hunyanzvi nerudo rwekupandukira rwaByron, Berlioz, Schumann, kudzikama kwemimhanzi yaMendelssohn inotaura nezveimwe ganhuriro. Munyori haana kuratidza simba chete, asiwo kushaya simba kwemamiriro ake emagariro evanhu. Hunyambiri uhwu hwakafanoronga mafambiro akasarudzika enhaka yake yekusika.

Munguva yehupenyu hwake uye kwenguva yakati mushure mekufa kwake, maonero evanhu akada kuongorora munyori semuimbi anonyanya kukosha wepashure-Beethoven era. Muchikamu chechipiri chezana remakore, maitiro ekuzvidza nhaka yeMendelssohn akaonekwa. Izvi zvakafambiswa zvakanyanya nemaepigones ake, mumabasa ake zvimiro zvemumhanzi waMendelssohn zvakadzikira kuita zvedzidzo, uye nenziyo dzayo, zvichikwevera kumanzwiro, kuita manzwiro akajeka.

Uye zvakadaro, pakati peMendelssohn ne "Mendelssohnism" munhu haakwanisi kuisa chiratidzo chakaenzana, kunyange zvazvo munhu asingagoni kuramba zvinozivikanwa zvikanganiso zvepfungwa zveunyanzvi hwake. Hukuru hwepfungwa, yemhando yepamusoro kukwana kwechimiro nehutsva uye hutsva hwehunyanzvi nzira - zvese izvi zvinoita kuti basa raMendelssohn rive nechekuita nemabasa akapinda zvakasimba uye zvakadzama muhupenyu hwevanhu veGerman, mutsika yavo yenyika.

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