Zvimiro zveChinese Flute

Kuziva maficha eChinese nyere kwakakosha kune wese anozvisarudzira chiridzwa chakanyanya. Iva nechokwadi chekuziva kutamba xiao. Mimhanzi yechiridzwa chekare che bamboo (inochinjika nyere) inonzwisiswa zvakanyanya kunyangwe muzana remakore rechi21.

Iyo yekare Chinese xiao nyere ndiyo yakasarudzika yetsika kubudirira kweiyo budiriro yekare. Ichi chiridzwa chemhepo chine kumucheto kwakavharwa zvakasimba. Itsika kuishandisa zvese sechiridzwa chemumhanzi wega uye sechikamu cheensemble. Nyanzvi dzemitauro dzinobvuma kuti izwi rekuti "xiao" pacharo rakaonekwa mukutevedzera inzwi rinobuda. Kupatsanurwa kwenyere dzeChinese dzakashandiswa zvino kwakaonekwa pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 12-13.

Pakutanga, izwi rekuti "xiao" raishandiswa chete kune iyo yakawanda-barreled nyere, iyo yava kunzi "paixiao". Zviridzwa zvine dhiramu rimwe kare kare zvainzi "di". Nhasi, di inongova transverse zvimiro. Yese yemazuva ano xiao inoitwa nenzira yelongitudinal. Nguva chaiyo yekuonekwa kwenyere dzakadaro haizivikanwi.

Imwe vhezheni inotenda kuti dzakasikwa pakati pezana ramakore rechitatu BC nezana ramakore rechitatu AD. Imwe fungidziro inoti xiao yakatanga kugadzirwa kare muzana ramakore rechi 3 BC. e. Kufungidzira uku kunobva pakutaurwa kwedzimwe nyere pamadhaisi enguva iyoyo. Chokwadi, chii chaizvo icho chishandiso chakaita sei uye zvakakwana sei tsanangudzo yezita rayo haisati yasimbiswa.

Pane shanduro yekuti xiao kubva kumapfupa emhuka yakatanga kugadzirwa makore angangoita 7000 apfuura. Kana iyo yakarurama, zvino zvinozoitika kuti ichi ndicho chimwe chezviridzwa zvekaresa panyika. Nyere refu dzakauya kwatiri kune rimwe zuva, zvisinei, kwete pamberi pezana ramakore rechi16. Nhamba yakakura yezvigadzirwa zvakadaro yakatanga kugadzirwa chete kubva muzana remakore rechi19.

Kumeso kwepamusoro kwexiao kwakashongedzerwa negomba rakarerekera mukati. Kana uchitamba, mweya unopinda nawo. Shanduro dzekare dzaive nemaburi mana eminwe. Nyere dzemazuva ano dzeChinese dzakagadzirwa ne4 ndima kumberi, uye iwe uchiri kukwanisa kufambisa chigunwe chako kubva kumashure. Zviyero zvinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeChina, iyo yakajairwa ruzha renji inenge yakaenzana nemaoctave akati wandei.

Iyo nhoroondo yeChinese dunhu reJiangnan - yakada kufanana neYangtze Delta yemazuva ano - inosiyaniswa neiyo zizhu xiao musiyano. Iwo akagadzirwa kubva mushenjere nhema. Sezvo zviridzwa zvakadaro zvinogadzirwa kubva kumadhiramu ane elongated internodes, nyere yakadaro inosvika pakureba kukuru. Yechinyakare dongxiao nyere, inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba Fujian neTaiwan, inogadzirwa kubva kune gobvu-stemmed bamboo. Kune akati wandei emiti yemushenjere ine hunhu uhu.

Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti chinyakare chinochinjika nyere chakagadzirwa chekutanga nevanhu veQiang, vanova madzitateguru ehuwandu hwemazuva ano hweTibet. Ipapo aigara pakati uye kumaodzanyemba Gansu, uyewo kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero Sichuan. Zvinowanzogamuchirwa kuti xiao yenguva yakakwira medieval inenge yakanyatso kuenderana muchitarisiko nemasamples emazuva ano.

Izvi zvakave zvichigoneka pasi pesimba reEuropean maitiro.

Kureruka kwekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa kunotarisa mukurumbira wayo. Yechokwadi yechinyakare xiao, sezvatotaurwa, inogadzirwa kubva mushenjere. Zvisinei, kune mamwe maitiro ekugadzira:

• kubva pane porcelain;
• kubva padombo rakaoma (kunyanya jadeite uye jade);
• kubva kunyanga dzenzou;
• matanda (ikozvino vari kuwedzera mukurumbira).

Iwo marudzi maviri makuru ndeekuchamhembe xiao uye nanxiao, anowanikwa mumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba kweChina. Mumutsara wekuti "northern xiao", epithet "yekuchamhembe" kazhinji inosiiwa. Chikonzero chacho chakajeka - chishandiso chakadaro hachiwanikwe chete munzvimbo dzekuchamhembe kwenyika. Iyo classic vhezheni yedhizaini yakareba. Inogona kusiyana kubva 700 kusvika 1250 mm.

Nanxiao ipfupi uye yakakora. Mupendero wayo wepamusoro wakavhurika. Nyere dzekuMaodzanyemba dzinowanikwa pachishandiswa mudzi weyero bamboo. Kuti uwane ruzivo: chishandiso chakadaro chinowanzonzi chiba. Zvinozivikanwa kuti akauya kuKorea Peninsula munguva yakapfuura, uye ipapo kuJapan Islands.

Kuurayiwa kwelabium kunotibvumira kugovera nanxiao muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru:

• UU (iri nyore kune vanotanga);
• UV;
• v.

Nanxiao ine nhoroondo yakarukwa kuita sizhu mimhanzi. Yakaitwa neamateur orchestras akapararira panguva yeMing neQing dynasties. Iyi tsika yemimhanzi ichiri kupararira nhasi. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekukurumidza, yakajeka rhythms. Asi dzimwe nguva sizhu inosanganiswa neiyo simple xiao.

Nekudaro, iyo yekupedzisira haisisiri yevanhu, asi kune yakakwirira classical bazi reChinese tsika. Kana chiridzwa chakadaro chikaiswa muochestra, zvino inogara ichipindirana neguqin zither. Sezvo kusanganiswa kwavo kwave kuchiitwa kwezviuru zvemakore, nhasi repertoire yeChinese nyere yerudzi rwekuchamhembe inomiririrwa zvakanyanya neinononoka, yakatsetseka nziyo.

Muchikamu, maitiro akadaro anoenderera mberi nhasi - asi atove sechikamu chemutambo pachawo.

Mimhanzi yeClassical inoridzwa panyere yeChinese yakasiyana kwazvo. Ongororo dzinoti inopa ruzha rwakadzika uye rwakaita semvura. Yakashoshoma zvishoma, asi hairasikirwe nekutaura kwayo. Kudzikira kwemazwi kunogadzira kunzwa kwerunyararo uye runyararo. Muzvinyorwa zveChina yekare, nyere dzakadaro dzaionekwa semufananidzo wekusuwa kwakapfava.

Chinyorwa chakakosha, kusiyana nemidziyo yeEurope, inoonekwa kana octave valve yakavharwa. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwematanho, 2 kana 3 maburi akavharwa kubva kumusoro. Zvakakosha zvikuru kukudziridza unyanzvi hwekufema kwe diaphragmatic.

Zvinorayirwa:

• kurongedza chiito chemuromo uye mudumbu tsandanyama;
• kupa kunze kwakagadzikana kuyerera kwemhepo kuburikidza nediki interlabial chinhambwe;
• dzivisa kufema kwakanyanya;
• moisturize miromo;
• usatya kuedza (wese Chinese flutist achiri kuenda nenzira yake).

Rumwe ruzivo runonakidza nezve Chinese xiao nyere inogona kuwanikwa muvhidhiyo inotevera.