Alexander Dmitrievich Kastalsky |
Alexander Kastalsky
Muimbi weRussia, muimbi wekwaya, muongorori wengano yemimhanzi yeRussia; mumwe wevatangi vezvinonzi. "Nzira itsva" mumhanzi unoyera weRussia wekupera kwe19th - kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Akazvarwa muMoscow munaNovember 16 (28), 1856 mumhuri yemupristi. Muna 1876-1881 akadzidza paMoscow Conservatory, asi akapedza makore akawanda gare gare - muna 1893 mukirasi yeSi Taneev. Kwenguva yakati aidzidzisa nokuitisa kwaya dzakasiyana-siyana mumatunhu. Kubva 1887 aive mudzidzisi wepiyano paSynodal School of Church Singing, ipapo aive mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri weSynodal Choir, kubva 1900 aive kondakita, kubva 1910 aive mutungamiriri weSynodal School nekwaya. Pashure pokunge chikoro ichi chachinjwa kuva People's Choir Academy muna 1918, akachitungamirira kusvikira chakavharwa muna 1923. Kubva muna 1922, akanga ari purofesa paMoscow Conservatory, dhipatimendi wedhipatimendi kondakita nekwaya, uye mukuru wedhipatimendi remimhanzi yevanhu. . Kastalsky akafa muMoscow musi waDecember 17, 1926.
Kastalsky ndiye munyori weanosvika mazana maviri emabasa anoyera uye hurongwa, izvo zvakagadzira hwaro hwekwaya (uye kusvika pamwero mukuru konzati) repertoire yeSynodal Choir muma200s. Muimbi ndiye akatanga kuratidza organicity yekubatanidzwa kwechinyakare cheRussia chants nenzira dzefolk mupfumi polyphony, pamwe netsika dzakagadzirwa mu kliros kudzidzira, uye neruzivo rwechiRussia muimbi chikoro. Kazhinji, Kastalsky yainzi "Vasnetsov mumhanzi", zvichireva mufananidzo waVM Vasnetsov weVladimir Cathedral muKyiv, iyo yakadzoreredza tsika dzemonumental fresco muchimiro chenyika: chimiro chemimhanzi inoera yeKastalsky, uko mutsara uri pakati. kurongeka (kugadzirisa) kwenziyo dzechinyakare uye kunyora mumweya yavo, zvakare inocherechedzwa nekunaka uye kuomarara. Sezvo mutungamiriri weSynodal School, Kastalsky akaita shanduko yake kuva Academy yeChechi Music, nekudzidziswa muzvirongwa zvakapfuura chiyero chekuchengetedza.
Nhungamiro inokosha yebasa rake yaiva "kudzorerwa kwemimhanzi": kunyanya, akaita kuvakwazve kwemutambo wekare weRussia "The Cave Action"; muchikamu "Kubva Kare Kare" unyanzvi hweMabvazuva Ekare, Hellas, Roma Yekare, Judhiya, Russia, nezvimwewo zvinoratidzwa mumifananidzo yemimhanzi. Kastalsky akagadzira monumental cantata-requiem yevanoimba, kwaya uye orchestra "Kurangarira Kwehama Kwemagamba Akawa muHondo Huru" (1916; mukurangarira mauto emauto akabatana eHondo Yenyika Yekutanga muRussia, Latin, Chirungu uye mamwe magwaro; chinyorwa chechipiri chekwaya pasina chinoperekedzwa - "Yeuko Yokusingagumi" kurugwaro rweChechi Slavonic rweminamato yechirangaridzo, 1917). Munyori wenziyo dzakanyatsogadzirirwa kugadzwa kwaPatriarch Tikhon paLocal Council yeRussian Orthodox Church muna 1917-1918. Pakati pemabasa epanyika pane opera Klara Milich mushure meTurgenev (1907, yakaitwa paZimin Opera muna 1916), Nziyo dzeMotherland kumavhesi evadetembi vekuRussia vekwaya isina kuperekedzwa (1901-1903). Kastalsky ndiye munyori wezvinyorwa zvedzidziso Peculiarities of the Russian Folk Musical System (1923) uye Fundamentals of Folk Polyphony (yakabudiswa muna 1948). Pachiito chake, kosi yemimhanzi yevanhu yakatanga kutanga paSynodal School, uyezve kuMoscow Conservatory.
Mukutanga kwema1920, Kastalsky kwenguva yakati akaedza nemwoyo wose kuzadzisa "zvinodiwa zvemazuva ano" uye akagadzira akati wandei asina kubudirira mabasa ekwaya uye orchestra yezviridzwa zvevanhu, "Agricultural Symphony", nezvimwewo, pamwe nehurongwa hweSoviet "revolutionary" nziyo. Kwenguva refu basa rake romudzimu rakanga raparara zvachose munyika yokumusha kwake; Nhasi, Kastalsky anozivikanwa senyanzvi ye "maitiro matsva" mumimhanzi yechechi yeRussia.
Encyclopedia
