Yuri Shaporin (Yuri Shaporin).

Yuri Shaporin

Basa uye hunhu hwaYu. Shaporin chinhu chakakosha muSoviet musical art. Mutakuri uye anoenderera mberi netsika dzetsika dzechokwadi cheRussia intelligentsia, murume ane dzidzo yeyunivhesiti yakasiyana-siyana, uyo akatora kubva pauduku zvose zvakasiyana-siyana zveunyanzvi hweRussia, kuziva zvakadzama uye kunzwa nhoroondo yeRussia, mabhuku, nhetembo, kupenda, zvivakwa - Shaporin akabvuma. uye vakagamuchira shanduko dzakaunzwa neGreat October Socialist Revolution uye pakarepo vakabatanidzwa mukuvakwa kwetsika itsva.

Akazvarwa mumhuri yevanyanzvi veRussia. Baba vake vaiva nyanzvi yemifananidzo, amai vake vakanga vapedza kudzidza kuMoscow Conservatory, mudzidzi waN. Rubinstein naN. Zverev. Art mumaratidziro ayo akasiyana-siyana akatenderedza muimbi wenguva yemberi chaizvo kubva pamubhedha. Kubatana netsika yeRussia kwakaratidzwawo mune chokwadi chinonakidza chakadaro: mukoma wemunyori wemunyori padivi raamai, mudetembi V. Tumansky, aiva shamwari yaA. Pushkin, Pushkin anotaura nezvake pamapeji eEugene Onegin. Zvinonakidza kuti kunyange geography yehupenyu hwaYuri Alexandrovich inoratidza hukama hwake nekwakabva nhoroondo yeRussia, tsika, mimhanzi: uyu ndiGlukhov - muridzi wezvivakwa zvakakosha zvekuvaka, Kyiv (apo Shaporin akadzidza paFaculty of History uye Philology of the University), Petersburg-Leningrad (apo ramangwana munyori akadzidza panguva Faculty of Law of University, panguva Conservatory uye akagara 1921-34), Vana Musha, Klin (kubvira 1934) uye, pakupedzisira, Moscow. Muhupenyu hwake hwose, munyori wacho aifambidzana nekukurukurirana nevamiririri vemazuva ano veRussia neSoviet tsika - vanyori A. Glazunov, S. Taneyev, A. Lyadov, N. Lysenko, N. Cherepnin, M. Steinberg, vanyori nevanyori M. Gorky, A. Tolstoy, A. Block, Sun. Rozhdestvensky, artists A. Benois, M. Dobuzhinsky, B. Kustodiev, mutungamiriri N. Akimov nevamwe.

Shaporin's amateur musical action, iyo yakatanga muGlukhov, yakaenderera mberi muKyiv nePetrograd. Muimbi weramangwana aifarira kuimba mumubatanidzwa, mukwaya, uye akaedza ruoko rwake pakunyora. Muna 1912, nezano raA. Glazunov naS. Taneyev, akapinda mukirasi yokuimba yeSt. Petersburg Conservatory, yaakapedza muna 1918 chete nemhaka yokupinzwa muchiuto. Aya akanga ari makore apo unyanzvi hweSoviet hwakatanga kuitika. Panguva ino, Shaporin akatanga kushanda mune imwe yenzvimbo dzayo dzinokosha - mabasa emunyori kwemakore akawanda akabatanidzwa nekuzvarwa nekuumbwa kwechidiki Soviet theatre. Akashanda paBolshoi Drama Theatre yePetrograd, paDrama Theater yePetrozavodsk, paLeningrad Drama Theater, gare gare aifanira kushanda pamwe nemitambo muMoscow (yakatumidzwa zita reE. Vakhtangov, Central Children's Theater, Moscow Art Theatre, Maly). Aifanira kutonga chikamu chemimhanzi, maitiro uye, chokwadi, kunyora mimhanzi yemitambo (20), kusanganisira "King Lear", "Much Ado About Nothing" uye "Comedy of Errors" naW. Shakespeare, "Makororo" naF. Schiller, "The Marriage of Figaro" naP. Beaumarchais, "Tartuffe" naJB Moliere, "Boris Godunov" naPushkin, "Aristocrats" naN. Pogodin, etc. Zvadaro, chiitiko chemakore aya chakabatsira Shaporin apo kugadzira mimhanzi yemafirimu ("Nziyo nhatu pamusoro peLenin", "Minin naPozharsky", "Suvorov", "Kutuzov", nezvimwewo). Kubva mumhanzi wemutambo "Blokha" (maererano naN. Leskov), muna 1928, "Joke Suite" yakagadziridzwa kuitira kusajairika kuita ensemble (mhepo, domra, mabhatani accordion, piyano uye zviridzwa) - "stylization of iyo inonzi yakakurumbira kudhinda ", maererano nemunyori pachake.

Kuma20s. Shaporin inonyorawo 2 sonatas yepiyano, symphony yeorchestra nekwaya, rudo pamavhesi naF. Tyutchev, anoshandira izwi uye orchestra, kwaya yeuto remubatanidzwa. Dingindira rezviridzwa zveSymphony rinoratidza. Iyi ihombe-hombe, monumental canvas yakatsaurirwa kune theme of revolution, chinzvimbo chemuimbi munguva yezvakaitika kare. Kubatanidza madingindira enziyo dzemazuva ano ("Yablochko", "Kurume weBudyonny") nemutauro wemimhanzi uri padhuze nemhando dzechiRussian classics, Shaporin, mubasa rake guru rekutanga, zvinounza dambudziko rekuwirirana uye kuenderera kwepfungwa, mifananidzo, uye mutauro wemimhanzi. .

Makore makumi matatu akazova nezvibereko kune munyori, apo rudo rwake rwakanyanya rwakanyorwa, basa rakatanga pane opera The Decembrists. Unyanzvi hwepamusoro, unhu hweShaporin, fusion ye epic uye rwiyo rwakatanga kuzviratidza mune rimwe remabasa ake akanaka - symphony-cantata "Pamunda weKulikovo" (pamutsara weA. Blok, 30). Munyori anosarudza kuchinja kwenhoroondo yeRussia, gamba rayo rakapfuura, semusoro wezvaakanyora, uye anotangira cantata ne 1939 epigraphs kubva mumabasa emunyori wenhau dzakaitika V. Klyuchevsky: "VaRussia, vakamisa kupinda kweMongolia, akaponesa budiriro yeEurope. Nyika yeRussia yakazvarwa kwete muhodhi chest yaIvan Kalita, asi pamunda weKulikovo. Mimhanzi yecantata yakazara nehupenyu, kufamba, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvemanzwiro evanhu akabatwa. Mitemo yeSymphonic inosanganiswa pano nemisimboti ye operatic dramaturgy.

Opera yemunyori chete, The Decembrists (lib. Vs. Rozhdestvensky yakavakirwa pana AN Tolstoy, 1953), yakatsaurirwawo kudingindira renhoroondo uye reshanduko. Mifananidzo yekutanga yeramangwana opera yakaonekwa kare muna 1925 - ipapo Shaporin akafungidzira opera sebasa renziyo rakatsaurirwa kumagumo aDecembrist Annenkov nemudiwa wake Polina Goble. Somugumisiro webasa rakareba uye rakasimba pane libretto, kukurukurirana kwakadzokororwa nevanyori vezvakaitika kare nevaimbi, dingindira renziyo rakadzoserwa kumashure, uye vavariro dzehugamba-hunoshamisa uye dzechivanhu dzakava dzakanyanya.

Muhupenyu hwake hwose, Shaporin akanyora chamber vocal music. Rudo rwake rwakabatanidzwa muhomwe yegoridhe yemimhanzi yeSoviet. Kukurumidzira kwemazwi enziyo, kunaka kwekunzwa kukuru kwemunhu, dhirama rechokwadi, mavambo uye hunhu hwekuverenga mutinhimira wevhesi, mapurasitiki erwiyo, kusiyana uye kupfuma kwepiyano magadzirirwo, kukwana uye kuvimbika kwe. chimiro chinosiyanisa rudo rwakanakisa rwemunyori, pakati parwo rudo kune mavhesi aF. Tyutchev ("Uri kutaura chii nezvekuchema, mhepo yeusiku", "Nhetembo", kutenderera "Memory of the heart"), Eight elegies pa nhetembo dzevadetembi vekuRussia, Nhetembo shanu panhetembo dzaA. Pushkin (kusanganisira rudo rwunonyanya kufarirwa nemunyori "Spell"), dhizaini "Kure Vechidiki" panhetembo naA. Blok.

Muhupenyu hwake hwose, Shaporin akaita basa rakawanda rekugarisana nevamwe, mabasa emimhanzi uye ezvidzidzo; akabuda mupepanhau somutsoropodzi. Kubva 1939 kusvika pamazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, akadzidzisa kirasi yekunyora uye zviridzwa paMoscow Conservatory. Unyanzvi hwakanakisisa, uchenjeri uye kungwara kwemudzidzisi zvakamubvumira kuunza vanyori vakasiyana vakadai saR. Shchedrin, E. Svetlanov, N. Sidelnikov, A. Flyarkovsky. G. Zhubanova, Ya. Yakhin nevamwe.

Inyanzvi yeShaporin, muimbi weRussia chaiye, anogara akakosha uye aesthetically yakakwana. Muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, munguva yakaoma mukuvandudzwa kweunyanzvi hwemimhanzi, apo tsika dzechinyakare dzaidonha, zvisingaverengeki zvemazuva ano mafambiro ari kugadzirwa, akakwanisa kutaura nezvekuchinja kutsva kwemagariro mumutauro unonzwisisika uye wakakosha. Akanga ari mutakuri wetsika dzakapfuma uye dzinoshanda dzeunyanzvi hwemimhanzi yeRussia uye akakwanisa kuwana inzwi rake, rake, "Shaporin note", iyo inoita kuti mimhanzi yake ionekwe uye inodiwa nevateereri.

V. Bazarnova