Язепс Витолс (Язепс Витолс) |

Jázeps Vitols

Kubudirira kwangu kwese kuri mumufaro wekuti basa rakabudirira. J. Vytols

J. Vitols ndomumwe wevakatanga tsika yemimhanzi yeLatvia - munyori, mudzidzisi, kondakita, mutsoropodzi uye chimiro chevanhu. Kuvimba kwakadzama pamavambo erudzi rweLatvia, tsika dzemumhanzi weRussia neGerman dzinotarisa kutaridzika kwayo kwehunyanzvi.

Pesvedzero yeGermany yainyanya kutaurwa mumakore ekutanga. Nzvimbo yose yepurovhinzi yeValmiera, uko munyori akaberekerwa mumhuri yeJelgava gymnasium mudzidzisi, yakazadzwa nemweya wemutauro weGermany - mutauro, chitendero, mimhanzi. Hazvisi masanga kuti Vitols, kufanana nevamwe vamiririri vakawanda vechizvarwa chokutanga Latvian vaimbi, vakadzidza kuridza nhengo somwana (pamwe chete, akadzidza violin uye piyano). Pazera remakore 15, mukomana akatanga kunyora. Uye apo muna 1880 haana kubvumirwa kupinda muSt. Petersburg Conservatory mukirasi yeviola (nemhaka yokusaisa maoko zvakanaka), akatendeukira kukunyora nomufaro. Nziyo dzakaratidzwa kuna N. Rimsky-Korsakov dzakasarudza kuguma kwemuimbi wechidiki. Makore akapedza panguva yeConservatory (Vitols akapedza kudzidza muna 1886 ane menduru yegoridhe duku) achisangana nevatenzi vakakurumbira, nepamusoro-soro yetsika yeSt. Anova pedyo naA. Lyadov naA. Glazunov, anoshingaira mumisangano yedenderedzwa reBelyaevsky inotungamirirwa naRimsky-Korsakov, uye mushure mekufa kwaM. Belyaev anogamuchira shamwari muimba yake ine mutsa.

Yakanga iri mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, ichiri kuzadzwa nemweya we "Kuchkism" nekufarira kwayo munyika-yakasarudzika, vanhu, demokrasi, iyo muimbi wechidiki, uyo muSt. Latvian artist. Uye zvakazoitika, akadzokorora kutaura kuti muRussia vanyori vekwake "vakawana ... rutsigiro rwakanyanya kune zvese zvaive mumhanzi wedu weLatvia: muRussia haadi chete ... zvakadzika zvepakutanga mumimhanzi yake, asi anobatawo zvinhu zvenyika mubasa re vamwe vanhu.

Nenguva isipi Vitols anova pedyo nekoroni yeSt. Petersburg yehama dzake, anotungamirira kwaya dzeLatvia, anosimudzira repertoire yenyika.

Muna 1888, munyori wacho akatora chikamu chechitatu General Song Festival muRiga, nguva dzose achiratidza mabasa ake pagore negore "Autumn Concerts" yemimhanzi yeLatvia. Mhando dzaishanda Vitols dzaive pedyo negadziriro dzechikoro cheKorsakov: kugadziridzwa kwenziyo dzevanhu, dzerudo (c. 100), kwaya, piyano zvidimbu (miniatures, Sonata, kusiyana), chamber ensembles, purogiramu symphonic works (overtures, suites). , nhetembo, nezvimwewo). . p.), uye mundima yesymphony uye mimhanzi yepiyano, Vitols akava piyona muLatvia (kuzvarwa kwekutanga kweLatvian zvibodzwa kunobatanidzwa nenhetembo yake yesymphonic "League Holiday" - 1889). Kutanga basa rake semuimbi ane piyano zvidimbu uye zverudo, kubva mukupera kwema80s. Vitols zvishoma nezvishoma anowana idzo mhando dzinonyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa nenyika zvehunhu hwake hwehunyanzvi - mimhanzi yekwaya uye purogiramu symphonic miniatures, umo iye neruvara uye nenhetembo anomiririra mifananidzo yekwaanogara.

Hupenyu hwake hwese kutarisa kwaVitols kwaive kwakanangana nerwiyo rwevanhu (kupfuura 300 gadziriro), izvo zvaaishandisa zvakanyanya mubasa rake. 1890s uye 1900s - nguva yekusikwa kwemabasa akanakisisa emunyori - choral ballads pane imwe nyika patriotic theme - "Beverinsky Singer" (1900), "Lock of Light", "The Queen, the Fiery Club"; symphonic suite Seven Latvian Folk Songs; kunyanya "Dramatic" uye "Spriditis"; piano Variations on a Latvian folk theme, etc. Munguva iyi, maVitols ega ega anozotora chimiro, achikwevera pakujeka uye nevavariro, kuyevedza kwerunyorwa rwekurondedzera, manzwi emutauro wenziyo anoyevedza.

Muna 1918, nekuumbwa kweRepublic of Latvia, Vitols akadzokera kunyika yake, kwaakazvipira kune zvekudzidzisa nekugadzira zvinhu nesimba idzva, akaenderera mberi kunyora, uye akatora chikamu chesangano reMatambo Enziyo. Pakutanga, akatungamirira Riga Opera House, uye muna 1919 akavamba Latvian Conservatory, umo, nechinguva chiduku kusvika 1944, akabata chinzvimbo rector. Iye zvino chivako chekuchengetedza chine zita rake.

Vitols akatanga kudzidza pedagogy muSt. Petersburg, apedza makore anopfuura 30 muRussia (1886-1918). Kwete chete nhamba dzakatanhamara dzemimhanzi yeRussia (N. Myaskovsky, S. Prokofiev, V. Shcherbachev, V. Belyaev, nezvimwewo) vakapfuura nemakirasi ake edzidziso nekunyora, asiwo vanhu vazhinji vanobva kuBaltic States vakateya nheyo yenyika yavo. kugadzira zvikoro (Estonian K Turnpu, Lithuanians S. Shimkus, J. Tallat-Kyalpsha nevamwe). MuRiga, Vitols yakaramba ichivandudza mitemo yezvidzidzo zveRimsky-Korsakov - unyanzvi hwepamusoro, rudo rwevanhu unyanzvi. Pakati pevadzidzi vake, vaya vanozove vanodada nemimhanzi yokuLatvia vanyori M. Zarins, A. Žilinskis, A. Skultė, J. Ivanov, kondakita L. Vigners, nyanzvi yemimhanzi J. Vītoliņš nevamwe. Petersburg bepanhau reGermany St. Petersburger Zeitung (1897-1914).

Upenyu hwomunyori wacho hwakaguma muutapwa, muLübeck, kwaakabva muna 1944, asi pfungwa dzake kusvikira kumugumo dzakaramba dziri munyika yokumusha kwake, iyo yakachengetedza nokusingaperi ndangariro yomunyori wayo mukurusa.

G. Zhdanova