Walter Gieseking |

Walter Gieseking

Tsika mbiri, tsika mbiri dzemimhanzi dzakasimbisa hunyanzvi hwaWalter Gieseking, dzakabatanidzwa muchitarisiko chake, dzichimupa maitiro akasiyana. Zvaiita sekunge mugumo pachawo wakarongerwa kuti apinde munhoroondo yepiyano semumwe wevaturikiri vakuru vemimhanzi yechiFrench uye panguva imwecheteyo mumwe wevatambi vekutanga vemimhanzi yeGerman, uko kuridza kwake kwakapa nyasha dzisingawanzo, chiFrench chete. kureruka nenyasha.

Mutori wepiyano weGermany akazvarwa uye akapedza huduku hwake muLyon. Vabereki vake vaiita zvekurapa uye biology, uye hunyanzvi hwesainzi hwakapfuudzwa kumwanakomana wake - kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake aive anofarira ornithologist. Akatanga kudzidza mimhanzi zvakanyanya kunonoka, kunyangwe akadzidza kubva pazera re4 (setsika mumusha wakangwara) kuridza piyano. Mushure mokunge mhuri yacho yatamira kuHanover, akatanga kutora zvidzidzo kubva kumudzidzisi akakurumbira K. Laimer uye nokukurumidza akapinda mukirasi yake yezvidzidzo.

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Kureruka kwaakadzidza nako kwaishamisa. Pazera re15, akakwezva kutarisa kupfuura makore ake nekududzira kusinganzwisisike kwechina Chopin ballads, uye ndokupa makonti matanhatu akatevedzana, maakaita ese makumi matatu nemaviri Beethoven sonatas. “Chinhu chakaoma zvikuru chakanga chiri chokudzidza chinhu chiri chose nomusoro, asi ikoku kwakanga kusina kunyanyooma,” iye gare gare akayeuka kudaro. Uye pakanga pasina kudada, pasina kuwedzeredza. Hondo uye basa rechiuto zvakakanganisa zvishoma zvidzidzo zveGieseking, asi kare muna 32 akapedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory uye nokukurumidza akawana mukurumbira wakawanda. Hwaro hwebudiriro yake hwakanga huri zvose tarenda rinoshamisa uye kushandisa kwake nguva dzose mumuitiro wake amene wenzira itsva yokudzidza, yakakudziridzwa pamwe chete nomudzidzisi neshamwari Karl Leimer (muna 1918 vakabudisa mabhurocha maduku maviri aitsanangura nheyo dzenzira yavo). Zvinokosha zvouyu mutoo, sezvakacherekedzwa nomunzveri weSoviet Purofesa G. Kogan, “waibatanidza basa rendangariro rakanyanyonangidzirwa pabasa, zvikurukuru pasina chiridzwa, uye mukunyevenuka kukuru kwapakarepo kwetsandanyama pashure penhamburiko imwe neimwe mukati mokuita. ” Imwe nzira kana imwe, asi Gieseknng akagadzira ndangariro yakasarudzika, iyo yakamubvumira kuti adzidze mabasa akaomarara nekumhanya kukuru uye kuunganidza repertoire hombe. "Ini ndinogona kudzidza nemoyo chero kupi zvako, kunyangwe patiramu: zvinyorwa zvakadhindwa mupfungwa dzangu, uye kana vasvika ikoko, hapana chichaita kuti vanyangarika," akabvuma.

Mafambiro uye nzira dzebasa rake panziyo itsva dzaive dzengano. Vakataura kuti rimwe zuva, vachishanyira munyori wenziyo M. Castel Nuovo Tedesco, akaona sei chinyorwa chepiyano itsva pachigadziko chake chepiyano. Mushure mekuridza ipapo "kubva pakuona", Gieseking akakumbira zvinyorwa zvezuva rimwe ndokudzoka zuva raitevera: iyo suite yakadzidziswa uye nekukurumidza yakarira mukonzati. Uye iyo concerto yakaoma zvikuru nemumwe munyori weItaly G. Petrassi Gieseking akadzidza mumazuva gumi. Mukuwedzera, rusununguko rwehutano rwemutambo, rwakanga rwakazvarwa uye rwakagadziridzwa mumakore, rwakamupa mukana wekudzidzira zvishoma - kwete kupfuura maawa 10-3 pazuva. Mushoko, hazvishamise kuti rwiyo rwemupiyano rwakanga rusina muganhu nechekare muma4s. Nzvimbo inokosha mairi yakatorwa nemimhanzi yemazuva ano, akaridza, kunyanya, mabasa akawanda nevanyori veRussia - Rachmaninoff, Scriabin. Prokofiev. Asi mukurumbira chaiwo wakamuunza kuita kwemabasa eRavel, Debussy, Mozart.

Dudziro yaGieseking yebasa rezvivheneko zveFrench impressionism yakabata nekuwanda kusati kwamboitika kwemavara, iwo akanakisa mimvuri, zororo rinonakidza rekudzokorora zvese zvese zvemucheka usina kusimba wemumhanzi, kugona "kumisa nguva", kuendesa kune muteereri mafungiro ose emunyori, kuzara kwemufananidzo wakatorwa naye muzvinyorwa. Chiremera uye kuzivikanwa kwaGieseking munharaunda iyi zvakanga zvisingarambiki zvokuti mutambi wepiyano uye munyori wenhoroondo wokuAmerica A. Chesins akambotaura maererano nokuridza kwe“Bergamas Suite” yaDebussy: “Vaimbi vakawanda vaivapo vangadai vasina kumbova noushingi hwokupikisa mutambo wacho. kodzero yemuparidzi yekunyora: „Nzvimbo yakavanzika yaWalter Gieseking. Usapindire.” Achitsanangura zvikonzero zvokupfuurira kubudirira kwake mukuimba kwenziyo dzeFrance, Gieseking akanyora, kuti: “Kwakatoedzwa zvaedzwazve kuwana chikonzero nei chaizvoizvo mumuturikiri wemavambo echiGermany kuti songaniro dzinosvika kure dzakadaro nenziyo dzechiFrench zvamazvirokwazvo dzinowanwa. Iyo yakapfava uye, uyezve, muchidimbu mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu ingadai iri: mimhanzi haina miganhu, ishoko re "nyika", rinonzwisiswa nevanhu vese. Kana tikafunga kuti izvi ndezvechokwadi zvisingarambiki, uye kana simba remumhanzi rinofukidza nyika dzese dzepasi riri tsime rinogara richivandudza remufaro nekugutsikana kumuimbi ari kuita, saka iyi ndiyo chaizvo tsananguro yenzira iri pachena yekuona kwenziyo. … Pakupera kwa1913, paHanover Conservatory, Karl Leimer akandikurudzira kuti ndidzidze “Reflections in Water” kubva mubhuku rekutanga re“Mifananidzo”. Kubva pamaonero e“munyori”, zvingangove zvinobudirira kutaura nezve nzwisiso yakangoerekana yaita seyakaita shanduko mupfungwa dzangu, nezverudzi rwenziyo “bhanan’ana”, asi chokwadi chinorayira kubvuma kuti hapana mhando yakaitika. Ini ndaingofarira mabasa aDebussy, ndakaawana akanaka kwazvo uye ndakabva ndafunga kuatamba zvakanyanya sezvinobvira ... "zvisizvo" hazvigoneke. Une chokwadi neizvi uye zvakare, uchireva nezvemabasa akazara evanyori ava mukurekodha kwaGieseking, iyo inochengetedza kutsva kwayo kusvika nhasi.

Zvakawanda zvinozviisa pasi uye zvinopokana zvinoratidzika kune imwe nzvimbo inofarira yebasa remuinzi - Mozart. Uye pano kuita kwacho kunowanda mune zvakawanda zvisinganzwisisike, zvinosiyaniswa nekunaka uye kujeka kweMozartian. Asi zvakadaro, sekureva kwenyanzvi dzakawanda, Gieseking's Mozart yaive yese yeakare, yakaomeswa nechando yapfuura - yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, netsika dzayo dzemudare, kutamba kwakasimba; pakanga pasina chinhu maari kubva kumunyori waDon Juan uye Requiem, kubva kune harbinger yeBeethoven uye vanodanana.

Pasina mubvunzo, Mozart weSchnabel kana Clara Haskil (kana tichitaura pamusoro peavo vakatamba panguva imwe chete seGieseking) inonyanya kuenderana nemafungiro emazuva edu uye inoswedera pedyo nekwakanaka kwemuteereri wemazuva ano. Asi kududzirwa kwaGieseking hakurasikirwi neunyanzvi hwavo, zvichida kunyanya nokuti, mushure mokunge apfuura nemutambo uye huzivi hwakadzika hwemimhanzi, akakwanisa kunzwisisa uye kuratidza chiedza chisingagumi, rudo rwehupenyu huri muzvinhu zvose - kunyange mapeji anosuruvarisa. yebasa remunyori uyu.

Gieseking akasiya imwe yeakazara kurira kuunganidzwa kwemimhanzi yaMozart. Achiongorora basa guru iri, mutsoropodzi weWest Germany K.-H. Mann akacherekedza kuti “kazhinji, kurekodha uku kunosiyaniswa neruzha rusingachinjiki uye,zve, kujeka kunoda kurwadza, asiwo nemwero wakafara unoshamisa wekutaura uye kuchena kwekubata piyano. Izvi zvinonyatsoenderana nekutenda kwaGieseking kuti nenzira iyi kuchena kwezwi uye kunaka kwekutaura kunosanganiswa, kuitira kuti kududzirwa kwakakwana kwechimiro chekare kurege kuderedza simba remanzwiro akadzama emunyori. Iyi ndiyo mitemo maererano neiyo mutambi wacho akaridza Mozart, uye chete pahwaro hwayo munhu anogona kunyatsoongorora mutambo wake.

Zvechokwadi, repertoire yaGieseking yakanga isingangori mazita aya. Akaridza Beethoven zvikuru, akatambawo nenzira yake, mumweya weMozart, achiramba chero nzira, kubva pakudanana, kuedza kujekesa, kunaka, inzwi, kuwirirana kwezviyero. Kuvamba kwemaitiro ake kwakasiya zvakafanana pakuita kwaBrahms, Schumann, Grieg, Frank nevamwe.

Zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti, kunyange zvazvo Gieseking akaramba akatendeka kumitemo yake yekusika muupenyu hwake hwose, mumakore gumi ekupedzisira, mushure mehondo, kutamba kwake kwakawana unhu hwakasiyana kupfuura kare: inzwi, richichengetedza runako rwaro uye pachena, rakava rakazara uye rakazara. zvakadzika, kugona kwacho kwaive kwakanakisa. kufambisa uye kunyengedza kwepianissimo, apo ruzha rwakavanzika rwakanga rwusinganzwike rwakasvika kumitsetse iri kure yehoro; pakupedzisira, kunyatsojeka kwakasanganiswa nedzimwe nguva zvisingatarisirwi - uye zvinonyanya kushamisa - chido. Pakanga pari panguva iyi kuti kurekodha kwakanakisa kwemuimbi kwakaitwa - kuunganidzwa kweBach, Mozart, Debussy, Ravel, Beethoven, marekodhi nemakonzati erudo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kururama uye kukwana kwekutamba kwake kwakanga kwakadaro zvokuti zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvakanyorwa pasina kugadzirira uye zvinenge zvisina kudzokorora. Izvi zvinovabvumira kuti vataure zvishoma runako rwakaratidzwa nekutamba kwake muhoro yekonzati.

Mumakore epashure pehondo, Walter Gieseking akanga akazara nesimba, akanga ari mukutanga kwehupenyu hwake. Kubvira muna 1947, akadzidzisa kirasi yepiyano paSaarbrücken Conservatory, achishandisa tsika yedzidzo yevaduku vairidza piyano yakagadzirwa naye naK. Laimer, akaita nzendo refu dzekonzati, uye akarekodha zvakawanda pamarekodhi. Mukutanga kwa1956, muiti wacho akapinda mutsaona yemotokari umo mudzimai wake akafa, uye akakuvara zvakaipisisa. Zvisinei, mwedzi mitatu gare gare, Gieseking akazviratidzazve panhandare yeCarnegie Hall, achitamba nechikwata chevaimbi pasi pebaton yaGuido Cantelli Beethoven's Fifth Concerto; zuva rakatevera, mapepanhau eNew York akataura kuti muimbi uyu akanga apora zvizere mutsaona uye hunyanzvi hwake hwakanga husina kupera zvachose. Zvaiita sokuti utano hwake hwakanga hwapora, asi pashure peimwe mwedzi miviri akafa kamwe kamwe muLondon.

Gieseking's legacy haisi zvinyorwa zvake chete, nzira yake yekudzidzisa, vadzidzi vake vakawanda; Tenzi akanyora bhuku rinonyanya kunakidza rememoirs "Saka Ndakava Pianist", pamwe nekamuri uye piano nziyo, gadziriro, uye editions.

Cit.: Saka ndakava pianist // Kuita hunyanzvi hwekune dzimwe nyika. – M., 1975. Nyaya. 7.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.