Václav Talich |

Vaclav Talich

Vaclav Talich akaita basa rakatanhamara mukusimudzira tsika yemimhanzi yenyika yake. Mabasa ake, anofukidza hafu yose yokutanga yezana redu ramakore, akasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki munhau yenziyo dzeCzechoslovakia.

Baba vomudzidzisi, mudzidzisi uye munyori wenziyo anozivikanwa zvikuru Yan Talikh, akanga ari mudzidzisi wake wokutanga. Muhuduku hwake, Vaclav Talich akaita seviolinist uye muna 1897-1903 akadzidza paPrague Conservatory, mukirasi yaO. Shevchik. Asi mushure memwedzi mishoma neBerlin Philharmonic uye achitamba mukamuri ensembles, akanzwa kuda kuitisa uye nekukurumidza akapotsa asiya violin. Kutamba kwekutanga kwaTalikh kondakita kwakaitika muOdessa, uko muna 1904 akatungamira muimbi we symphony orchestra, uye muimbi weCzech akapedza makore maviri akatevera muTiflis, akadzidzisa violin panzvimbo yeConservatory, akabatanidzwa mukamuri ensembles uye akaitisa mumakonzati, uye. kunyanya kubudirira - inoshanda mumhanzi weRussia.

Kudzokera kuPrague, Talikh akashanda semuimbi wekwaya, akave pedyo nevaimbi vakatanhamara - I. Suk, V. Novak, nhengo dzeCzech Quartet. Talikh anova mutsigiri anotendiswa wemabasa evanhu venguva yake. Asi kusakwanisa kuwana basa kunomumanikidza kuenda kuLjubljana kwemakore akati wandei, kwaanoitisa maopera nemakonzati. Ari munzira, Talih anoenderera mberi nekuvandudza, achitora zvidzidzo kubva kuna A. Nikisch muLeipzig uye A. Vigno muMilan. Muna 1912, pakupedzisira akakwanisa kuwana basa munyika yokumusha kwake: akava kondakita kuimba Opera muna Pilsen, asi pashure penguva yakati akanga asisashandi. Nekudaro, chiremera uye mukurumbira wemuimbi zvakange zvatokura zvekuti nguva pfupi mushure mekusununguka kweCzechoslovakia, Talik akakokwa kutungamirira Czech Philharmonic Orchestra.

Nguva iri pakati pehondo mbiri dzenyika inguva yekutumbuka kwepamusoro-soro kwetarenda remuimbi. Pasi pehutungamiriri hwake, orchestra yakakura zvisingazivikanwe, ichishanduka kuita timu yakanyatsorongeka inokwanisa kuzadzisa zvirongwa zvemuitisi, kudzidza chero, iyo yakanyanya kuoma nziyo nekukurumidza kukuru. Iyo Prague Philharmonic, inotungamirwa naTalich, yakatenderera muItaly, Hungary, Germany, Austria, England, Belgium, France, kwese kuhwina kubudirira kukuru. Talich pachake akave wekutanga kondakita weCzech kuwana mukurumbira wepasirese. Mukuwedzera pakutungamirira orchestra yake, akafamba zvikuru munyika dzose dzeEurope (kusanganisira USSR), kwenguva yakati akatungamirirawo orchestra muScotland neSweden, akadzidzisa kirasi paPrague Conservatory uye Chikoro Chekunaka. Simba rake raive rakakura: akatanga konzati dzekwaya paPhilharmonic, akaronga mitambo yemhanzi yePrague May. Muna 1935, Talich akavewo mutungamiriri mukuru wePrague National Theatre, uko kuita kwega kwega pasi pekuraira kwake kwaive, sekureva kwevatsoropodzi, "padanho rekutanga". Talich akaitisa pano anenge ese ekare echiCzech operas, anoshanda naGluck naMozart, Beethoven naDebussy, ndiye akatanga kugadzira akati wandei mabasa, kusanganisira "Juliet" naB. Martin.

Kugadzira kwaTalih kwakakura kwazvo, asi mabasa evanyori veCzech - Smetana, Dvorak, Novak uye kunyanya Suk - aive padyo naye. Kududzira kwake kutenderera kwenhetembo "My Motherland" naSmetana, "Slavic Dances" naDvořák, Suk's string serenade, Novak's Slovak suite yakava yemhando yepamusoro. Talikh aive shasha yemhando dzechiRussian classics, kunyanya masimphonie aTchaikovsky, pamwe neViennese classics - Mozart, Beethoven.

Mushure mokunge Czechoslovakia yatorwa nemaGermany, Talih akasiya hutungamiri hwePhilharmonic, uye muna 1942, kuitira kuti adzivise rwendo rwokuenda kuBerlin pakushanya, akavhiyiwa. Nenguva isipi akamiswa basa uye akadzokera kune inoshingaira basa rekuita chete mushure mekusunungurwa kwake. Kwenguva yakati akatungamira zvakare Czech Philharmonic uye Opera House, ndokuzotamira kuBratislava, kwaakatungamira Chamber Orchestra yeSlovak Philharmonic, uye akaitisa Grand Symphony Orchestra. Pano akadzidzisa kirasi inoitisa paChikoro Chepamusoro cheMimhanzi, achisimudza boka renyeredzi revarairidzi vechidiki. Kubva 1956, Talikh, achirwara zvakanyanya, pakupedzisira akasiya basa reunyanzvi.

Achipfupikisa basa rakanaka raV. Talikh, mumwe wake muduku, kondakita V. Neumann akanyora kuti: “Vaclav Talikh akanga asiri muimbi mukuru wedu chete. Upenyu hwake nebasa rake zvinoratidza kuti akanga ari kondakita wechiCzech mupfungwa yakazara yeshoko racho. Nguva zhinji akazarura nzira kunyika. Asi aigaroona basa munyika yokumusha kwake sebasa rinokosha zvikurusa muupenyu hwake. Akadudzira mimhanzi yekunze zvakanyanya - Mahler, Bruckner, Mozart, Debussy - asi mubasa rake ainyanya kukoshesa mimhanzi yeCzech. Akanga ari muroyi asinganzwisisike aichengeta zvakavanzika zvake zvekududzira, asi akazvipira kugovera ruzivo rwake rwakapfuma nechizvarwa chechidiki. Uye kana nhasi hunyanzvi hweCzech orchestras huchizivikanwa pasi rese, kana nhasi vachitaura nezve izvo zvisingagoneke zvechiCzech maitiro ekuita, saka uku ndiko kubudirira kwebasa redzidzo raVaclav Talich.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek